Guide to Its Use
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- Preface: The structure of this Guide
- The structure of this Guide
- Notes about the terminology
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Created on The ‘Most Significant Change’ (MSC) Technique: A Guide to Its Use by Rick Davies and Jess Dart  Funded by Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, Australia | Learning to Learn, Government of South Australia | Dept. of Labour, Government of New Zealand | Oxfam New Zealand Christian Aid, United Kingdom | CARE International, United Kingdom Exchange, United Kingdom | Ibis, Denmark | Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS), Denmark | Lutheran World Relief, United States of America
Preface: The structure of this Guide 3 Acknowledgements 5 Chapter One: A ten minute overview of MSC 6 Chapter Two: Implementing MSC, in 10 Steps 12 Chapter Three: Troubleshooting 39 Chapter Four: Building Capability for Effective MSC 46 Chapter Five: MSC within a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework 50 Chapter Six: Validity and Voice in MSC 57 Chapter Seven: How MSC Compares to Other Approaches and Epistemologies 62 Chapter Eight: History of MSC 65 Chapter Nine: New Directions for MSC 71 Bibliography 79 APPENDIX 83
Acronyms ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency, Australia AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Program BADSP Brong Ahafo Rural Support Project, Ghana CCDB Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh CWS Catholic Relief Services DFID Department for International Development, U.K. IDSS International Development Support Services, Australia MSC most significant change (MSC) technique NGO non-government organisation ONZB Oxfam New Zealand SC stories Significant change stories VSO Voluntary Service Overseas Preface: The structure of this GuideThis publication is aimed at organisations, community groups, students and academics who wish to use MSC to help monitor and evaluate their social change programs and projects, or to learn more about how it can be used. The technique is applicable in many different sectors, including agriculture, education, and health, and especially in development programs. It is also applicable to many different cultural contexts. MSC has been used in a wide variety of countries, by a range of organisations. By 2004 MSC had been used both by NGOs and Governments, in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and Australasia. The structure of this GuideThe introductory chapter provides a quick overview of MSC. In Chapter 2 we focus on the practicalities of implementing MSC and divide the process into ten steps. Chapter 3 offers guidance on practical troubleshooting, and Chapter 4 looks at building capacity for effective use of MSC. In Chapter 5 we examine how MSC fits into the program cycle and how it can contribute to program improvement. After Chapter 5, we delve more into the theory. We believe that MSC can be successfully implemented without a strong understanding of the theory. So if you just want to know about the practicalities – stop here! But for those readers who enjoy a foray into theory, Chapters 6 and 7 examine validity in MSC and how it fits with other approaches and epistemologies. The final two chapters outline the evolution of MSC: where it came from and where it might be heading next. The structure of this Guide reflects our attempt to cater for different types of use. We want the Guide to be of practical help to those choosing to implement MSC for the first time. But we also want to provide information and analysis that will be of use to those who are already experienced in using MSC yet want to extend their knowledge of the technique or refine the way they use it. As well as addressing the needs of practitioners, we also hope to address the interests of those doing research on MSC and related methods of participatory and qualitative research. Notes about the terminologyWe struggled at times in writing this Guide to find language that worked equally well in the development sector and the public sector of developed economies. We have made a few choices in the name of consistency and we encourage you to consider translating these terms to ones that makes sense for you. Firstly, we had to decide how to refer to the people who are targeted by social change programs. In the development sector these people are often referred to as beneficiaries. In the public sector context of developed economies, they are referred to as clients, service users or participants. In this publication we used the term ‘participant’ where the meaning is clear, and ‘beneficiary’ as a second resort. Secondly, we needed to choose between program, project and intervention. In this publication we have chosen to use the term ‘program’ to cover all descriptions of social interventions with a beginning and an end, regardless of size. Thirdly, we needed to describe the people who fund programs and are variously referred to as donors, investors, funders or purchasers. In this Guide we settled on the term ‘funders’. In the published literature, MSC is sometimes called an approach, at other times a process—it has even been referred to as a model. The experts have advised us that it is a monitoring and evaluation technique. However, we also believe that MSC embodies some aspects of an approach because it has a particular theoretical basis; this is discussed further in Chapter Seven. DisclaimerThis publication is based on the collective experience of Rick Davies and Jess Dart in monitoring and evaluating social programs. While we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this work, any judgments as to the suitability of information for the reader’s purposes are the reader’s responsibility. We cannot extend any warranties and assume no responsibility for the suitability of this information or the consequences of its use. Copyright RJ Davies and J Dart (2004) Please address all inquiries to:
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