History by Time Period Colonial Period (1607-1763) Big Picture
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- Important Concepts and Terms
- Rebellion and Revolution (1763-1783) Big Picture
- The New Republic (1789-1815) Big Picture
- Era of Good Feelings (1816-1825) Big Picture
- Age of Jackson (1824-1840) Big Picture
- First Age of Reform (1790-1860) Big Picture
- Age of Expansion and Sectionalism (1840-1860) Big Picture
- Important Dates and Events
- Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877) Big Picture
- Western Expansion (1860-1900) Big Picture
- The Gilded Age (1877-1900) Big Picture
| History by Time Period
Colonial Period (1607-1763) Big Picture: This was the time when there was a large movement of European, and later African, people coming to North America. Those from Europe came for economic and/or religious reasons. Africans experienced a force migration. Thirteen colonies were established along the Atlantic seaboard. Each colony was given its own separate charter. Laws were passed in England to govern the colonies but these laws were not enforced. As a result, due to this policy of salutary neglect, the colonies became independent in their political and economic activities. Important Concepts and Terms: Mercantilism Salutary neglect Royal, proprietary, and corporate/joint stock companies New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies ethnic diversity colonial assemblies Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Indentured servants Headright system Navigation Laws Puritanism Separatists/Pilgrims “city upon a hill” Half-Way Covenant Smuggling Middle passage Triangular trade Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards George Whitfield Rules for voting in colonial assemblies Albany Plan for Union French and Indian War Key Events and Dates: Jamestown founded House of Burgesses 1st African in Virginia Plymouth founded; Mayflower Compact Massachusetts Bay founded Maryland founded 1636 Rhode Island (Roger Williams) and Connecticut (Thomas Hooker) founded First Navigation Act passed 1660s Virginia economy more slave than indentured Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia Dominion of New England 1688 Glorious Revolution in England Salem Witch Trials Sugar/Molasses Act 1720s-60s Great Awakening American Enlightenment Albany Congress; Plan for Union (Join or Die snake Political Cartoon) French and Indian War/ Seven Years’ War Signing Treaty of Paris to end French and Indian War Establishment of Proclamation Line of 1763 and 10,000 British troops in colonies to protect line Rebellion and Revolution (1763-1783) Big Picture: The French and Indian War left a huge debt. The king and Parliament both agreed that the colonists should pay this debt since the war was fought to keep the colonists safe. In 1763 the crown/Parliament abandoned the policy of salutary neglect and began to impose internal, not external taxes. The colonists resented these new taxes and rebelled in various forms. Ultimately, when the king refused to negotiate with the colonists, the colonists felt forced to declare independence in 1776 and go to war with Britain. Important Concepts and Terms: Committees of correspondence Taxation without representation Writs of assistance Sons of Liberty Virtual representation Internal(direst) vs. external (indirect) taxes Quartering Act Independence Continental Army Loyalist v. Patriot Common Sense by Thomas Paine Treaty of Alliance Articles of Confederation, weaknesses and strengths Weak v. strong central government States’ rights Townshend Duties Olive Branch Petition Continental Congresses: 1st and 2nd Key Dates and Events: 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress Sons of Liberty formed 1766 Stamp Act repealed Declatory Act 1767 Townshend Acts 1770 Boston Massacre 1773 Tea Act Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts First Continental Congress in Philadelphia 1775 Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress 1776 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Declaration of Independence 1777 Battle of Saratoga 1778 Treaty of Alliance, French assist in war 1781 Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown Articles of Confederation ratified 1783 Treaty of Paris signed A New Nation’s Government (1781-1789)When it became apparent that the colonies would win the war, the former colonists came together to create a new form of government. The taxation and tyranny the colonists experienced under the British crown was still fresh in their minds. As a result, the former colonists established the Articles of Confederation, a form of government that sacrificed a strong central government in order to greedily protect the individual states’ rights. This attempt to safe guard states’ rights proved to be a failure, especially in the areas of taxation and commerce. The former colonies gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to address the weakness of the Articles. After three months, the delegates emerged with a new form of government all together – the Constitution of the United States. Important Concepts and Terms: Articles of Confederation; powers and weaknesses Shay’s Rebellion Land Ordinance 1785 Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Constitutional Convention Role of compromise Virginia Plan Connecticut Compromise 3/5’s Compromise separation of powers checks and balances federalism Article 1, 2, and 3 of Constitution Federalist Anti-federalist Federalist Papers Bill of Rights Amendments Judiciary Act, 1789 Strict v. loose interpretations of Constitution tariff Key Events and Dates: 1781 Articles of Confederation ratified 1783 Treaty of Paris 1785 Land Ordinance 1787 Shay’s Rebellion in Massachusetts Northwest Ordinance Constitutional Convention called in Philadelphia 1788 Federalist Papers circulate in states states ratify Constitution 1789 George Washington inaugurated French Revolution begins The New Republic (1789-1815) Big Picture: Washington faced both foreign and domestic problems as the first president. After developing his cabinet and establishing a strong/powerful executive, Washington than turned his attention towards financial concerns. War debts, the tariff, and other financial policies had to be addressed. The financial mastermind that developed a complex plan for the new nation was the first Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton. France and Britain tested the strength of the new nation with impressments on the high seas. The country soon began to split over foreign and domestic policies causing the first political parties to form: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. During this time America experienced expansion, aided by the Louisiana Purchase. The problems with France and Britain would not subside until a war was fought from 1812-1814. Important Concepts and Terms: George Washington Hamilton’s Financial plans 1st Bank of the U.S protective tariffs Whiskey Rebellion Impressments Citizen Genet Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty Washington’s Farewell Address John Adams Federalists Democratic-Republicans XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Aaron Burr Revolution of 1800 Thomas Jefferson Judiciary Act of 1801 Midnight judges Marbury v. Madison Judicial review Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Neutrality Embargo Act 1807 Non-Intercourse Act James Madison War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent Hartford Convention Key Dates and Events: 1790 capitol placed on the Potomac Hamilton’s tariff 1791 Establishment of 1st Bank of U.S. Bill of Rights ratified 1793 Citizen Genet 1794 Whiskey Rebellion 1795 Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty 1798 XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Kentucky and Virginia Resolves 1800 “Revolution of 1800” 1801 John Marshall head of Supreme Court 1803 Louisiana Purchase Marbury v. Madison 1804 Hamilton killed in duel by Burr 12th Amendment 1807 Embargo Act 1808 Slave trade ends 1809 Non-intercourse Act 1812 War with Britain 1814 Treaty of Ghent Hartford Convention 1815 Battle of New Orleans (Andy Jackson) Henry Clay proposes American System Era of Good Feelings (1816-1825) Big Picture: This era was dubbed on of “Good Feelings” due to the reduction in competition between political parties. Americans were ready to put foreign affairs aside and focus on domestic issues, especially developing the economy and transportation networks. During this era, American industry began to grow with the aid of tariffs and national transportation in the form of turnpikes, roads, and canals. Canals and roads allowed the new “west” to be connected to the markets of the east. Important Concepts and Terms: Era of Good Feelings Internal improvements Tariff of 1816 Second bank of U.S. Factory system Missouri Compromise National/Cumberland Road Erie Canal Monroe Doctrine Lowell Mills; women working Key Dates and Events: 1816 Monroe elected president; last of Virginia Dynasty Second Bank of U.S. Tariff of 1816 1817 American Colonization Society (Madison, Monroe, Clay and Marshall) 1819 Panic of 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida) Dartmouth Case McCulloch v. Maryland 1820 Missouri Compromise 1820s Textile mills expand; factories in Northeast 1821 N.Y. abolished property requirements for voting 1823 Monroe Doctrine 1824 Clay’s American System part of presidential campaigns Age of Jackson (1824-1840) Big Picture: A time of increasing democracy as the old order aristocrats died out and a society that eliminated visible class distinctions emerged. Most states had eliminated property requirements for voting making the political process more democratic. Jackson therefore inherited a more expansive electorate that previous presidents. He became the image of the “common man” for his appeal to the ordinary, not the wealthy citizens. Electors for president also began to be elected popularly instead of by party caucuses. Another movement that made America more democratic was the Second Great Awakening. This movement opened up religion and salvation to everyone. Expansion caused conflict over slavery and Native American rights. Nat Turner’s slave revolt led many southern states to pass strict slave codes. Slavery would also be an indirect cause for John C. Calhoun and South Carolina to test the concepts of nullification and secession in 1832. Lastly, Jackson’s desire to expand west led him to force the removal of all Native Americans in the way. Important Concepts and Terms: Corrupt bargain John Quincy Adams Tariff of Abominations 1828 Spoils system Common man Strong executive Kitchen cabinet Nullification crisis John C. Calhoun Nat Turner’s Rebellion Whig Party Bank destruction Nicholas Biddle Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears Marshall v. Jackson Independent Treasury System Key Dates and Events: 1824 Quincy Adam elected by House of Representatives 1828 Tariff of Abominations Jackson elected (Democrat) 1830 Growth of Whig Party 1830s Railroad era begins 1831 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1832 Jackson re-elected nullification crisis 1834 1st strike of women textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts 1836 Texas Revolution; Republic of Texas established Van Buren Elected 1840 William Henry Harrison elected president (Whig) First Age of Reform (1790-1860) Big Picture: The Age of Jackson witnessed many political reforms as more men were able to participate in the political process. The nineteenth century also gave birth to a group of socially conscious Americans who were unhappy with the conditions of America. These Ambitious individuals wanted to enact change for women, slaves, the imprisoned, and others who lacked a political voice. The successes of these reforms varied, but all drew national attention to issues many Americans did not want to talk about. Movements also arose in which Americans tried to escape regular society and develop a perfect or utopian community. Important Concepts and Terms: Second Great Awakening Charles Finney Revival meetings Evangelism Temperance movement American Temperance Society Lyman Beecher Prison reform Dorothea Dix Horace Mann William Lloyd Garrison Grimke sisters Abolitionist movement The Liberator American Anti-Slavery Society Joseph Smith Mormons Brigham Young Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Social Utopianism Oneida Community New Harmony, Illinois Changing nature of family and marriage – love centered Catherine Beecher and the “Cult of Domesticity” Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1854) Key Dates and Events: 1790s-1830s Second Great Awakening Prison Reform 1821 First High School in U.S. (Boston) 1825 New Harmony, Indiana established by Robert Owen 1830 Mormon religion founded 1831 1st issue of Liberator published 1833 Oberlin College – first college to allow women in (co-educational) 1836 1st meeting of American Temperance Society Horace Mann education reforms 1843 Southern Baptist Convention formed due to pro-slavery stance 1844 Methodist church splits over issue of slavery Age of Expansion and Sectionalism (1840-1860) Big Picture: During this era America grew in total land acquired through treaties and wars while it grew apart as each section developed different economic and social patterns. The debate over slavery grew more intense as new land added to the U.S. had to be declared to be either slave or free. Problems in Europe forced many to migrate to America, especially the Irish and Germans. The presence of these immigrants, many in large cities, caused the rise of a nativist movement. The Mexican War brought the U.S. back into international conflict. Disagreements over the governments handling of both the issues of land acquisition and slavery led to the formation of a new political party, the Republican Party, in 1854. These tensions would lead to the Civil War. Key Concepts and Terms: Sectionalism Urbanization Immigration Tenements Nativism Antebellum King Cotton Cotton gin Slaveocracy “peculiar institution” paternalistic Manifest Destiny Texas Telegraph Railroad expansion Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gold Rush Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Gadsden Purchase Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican Party Bleeding Kansas Canning of Charles Sumner John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry Homestead Act Morril Land Grant Pacific Railway Act Important Dates and Events: 1840s Manifest Destiny 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1844 Oregon Dispute Polk president: 54’ 40 or Fight 1845 Irish Potato Famine Texas Annexed 1846 Mexican War begins 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1849 Gold discovered in California 1850 Compromise of 1850 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin published in response to fugitive slave law 1853 Gadsden Purchase 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican Party formed 1856 Bleeding Kansas Canning of Charles Sumner 1859 John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877) Big Picture: The Republican Party won the strangest election in U.S. history. Abraham Lincoln’s victory led to the secession of South Carolina from the Union – they did not even wait for him to take office. Soon, other southern states joined to form the Confederate States of America with their capital at Richmond, Virginia and Jefferson Davis as their president. The first shots of the war were fired at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. The Union had weaker generalship, but a huge advantage in supplies due to their manufacturing based economy. The South would be forced into submission by an embargo and a scorched earth policy of General William Tecumseh Sherman. After the fighting ceased and Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, the problem now was how to make the nation whole again. The years that followed the Civil War, referred to as Reconstruction, were tense between the soon to be impeached Johnson, and a radical Congress. The failure of Reconstruction to secure basic rights and freedoms, as well as its inability to remove the past slave masters from political power would result in the need of a second reconstruction, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s. Key Concepts and Terms: Election of 1860 Secession Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis Fort Sumter Bull Run Anaconda Plan Ulysses Grant Robert E. Lee Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Gettysburg Appomattox Courthouse Wade-Davis Bill Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction John Wilkes Booth/Ford’s Theater Reconstruction Amendments: 13th, 14th, 15th Civil Rights Act 1866 Andrew Johnson Radical Republicans Freedmen’s Bureau Military Reconstruction Impeachment Reconstruction Act 1867 Sharecropping Ku Klux Klan Force acts Election of 1876 Compromise of 1877 Important Dates and Events: Lincoln elected South Carolina secedes Confederate States formed Ft. Sumter Bull Run 1863 Emancipation Proclamation 1st black soldiers enlist in Union army Gettysburg Draft riots in NYC 1864 Lincoln re-elected; Johnson is V.P. Sherman’s March to the Sea 1865 Lee surrenders at Appomattox Thirteenth Amendment Lincoln Assassinated 1866 Civil Rights Act Freedmen’s Bureau KKK formed (Bedford Forrest) 1867 Tenure of Office Act Reconstruction Act 1867 Military reconstruction begins 1868 Impeachment of Johnson; acquitted by one vote Grant elected president 1870 Fifteenth Amendment 1872 Grant re-elected 1876 disputed election between Hayes and Tilden 1877 Dirty Compromise; Hayes wins and military reconstruction ends Western Expansion (1860-1900) Big Picture: In the decades following the Civil War Americans looked west for opportunities and a new start. The government assisted settlers by offering cheap land and helping to pay for the construction of railroads. The Western economy was based mostly on agriculture. In addition to farming, some settlers engaged in ranching and mining. This massive movement of people, both black and white, east to west caused conflict with the Natives already living on the land. Battles between these two groups ensued with the white man victorious. His victory ensured an unfair land policy for the Native Americans. In 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner was worried about the character of America when he declared the frontier officially closed. Key Concepts and Terms: Homestead Act Morrill Land-Grant Act Land speculation Great Plains The Grange Transcontinental Railroad Union Pacific Central Pacific “coolies” Exoduster Joseph Glidden Battle of Little Big Horn General George Custer Dawes Act Populist Party Important Dates and Events: 1862 Homestead Act Morrill Land-Grant Act Department of Agriculture founded 1867 Founding of the Grange 1869 Transcontinental Railroad completed 1870s Romanticized novels of the West popular 1874 Barbed wire invented by Joseph Glidden 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn 1879 Exoduster movement leaves South for Great Plains 1880s Large movement of immigrants westward 1887 Dawes Act 1889 Indian territories open for white settlement 1890 Massacre at Wounded Knee Wyoming women get the vote 1893 Beginning of great depression of the 1890s Turner frontier thesis is published 1896 William Jennings Bryan’s Cross of Gold Speech The Gilded Age (1877-1900) Big Picture: This was the era that marked the birth of America as an industrial power. After the Civil War, the Northeast and major cities in the Midwest, like Chicago and Detroit, became industrial centers. Business soon controlled local and national government and politics. In general, the government took a laissez-faire approach choosing to not interfere or regulate the economy. To help fuel these industrial centers, numerous immigrants from Europe and failed farmers from the west came to these cities. This wave of immigration, from 1880-1920, brought in “new” immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. These immigrants were very different than the previous wave of Northern and Western immigrants before the Civil War. These new immigrants refused t give up their native culture or language, causing nativism to rise again. The movement of so many into cities, urbanization, in such a short period of time put a strain on the cities resources. Tenements were built to maximize space. The inability of the city to provide for its numerous working class poor gave rise to political machines, like boss Tweed’s Tammany Hall in NYC. Politics and corruption went hand in hand during the Gilded Age. The government’s refusal to address the needs and demands of the working classes caused labor unions to rise in the cities. These unions would have little success during this age, yet they drew attention to the poor and dangerous conditions so many worked under in America. Laws were passed to help the few, the wealthy business tycoons, not the masses of poor. Business giants like Carnegie and Rockefeller fell into one of two categories: captain of industry or robber baron. Although men like Carnegie gave money to help improve society, there existed a huge gulf between the masses that were poor, and the few who were wealthy. A New South was beginning to emerge, if only on a small scale. Basic industry was replacing part of this agriculturally dominated region. Yet, while the economy was trying to modernize, the governments of the South sought to take steps backward socially. Segregation, Jim Crow, became the law of the land after the decision of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 declared that “separate but equal” was an acceptable policy. The South refused to grant rights to African Americans. Segregation would have to wait another fifty+ years before it would be addressed on the national level. Key Concepts and Terms: Gilded Age Thomas Edison John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Monopolies Trust Andrew Carnegie J. Pierpoint Morgan Robber baron Captain of industry Horatio Alger Horizontal and vertical integration Social Darwinism Sherman Anti-Trust Act Knights of Labor Terence Powderly American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Haymarket Square Riot Closed shop Munn v. Illinois Interstate Commerce Commission Spoils system Pendleton Civil Service Act Sherman Silver Purchase Act Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall Political machine Social Gospel Salvation Army Tenements Settlement houses Chinese Exclusion Act New immigration Booker T. Washington Atlanta Compromise Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. Dubois Plessy v. Ferguson Jim Crow Laws New South Directory: cms -> lib2 -> TX01000797 -> Centricity -> Domain -> 1216 Domain -> 1. 2 Histograms The following table presents the average points scored per game (ppg) for the 30 nba teams in the 2012–2013 regular season. Make a dotplot to display the distribution of points per game lib2 -> The Hurricane Project lib2 -> Introduction to Computer Programming Syllabus Domain -> Period 1: 1491–1607 Key Concept 1 Domain -> Sms texas Star List 2012-2013 Domain -> The Feminization of the American male By bs Posted in Life Issues — Comments (108) / Email this page / Leave a comment 1216 -> Cold War Learning Guide I (Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson) Centricity -> Born with a Silver SpoonThe Origin of World Trade in 1571 dennis o. Flynn and arturo giráldez Centricity -> Basic Elements of Music Theory Sound and Music Download 126.13 Kb. Share with your friends:
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