How to Read a Paper

“How to Read a Paper”

Greenhalgh T. Assessing the methodological quality of published papers. BMJ 1997;315(7103):305-8.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ 1997;315(7102):243-6.

Guyatt G, Haynes R, Jaeschke R, Cook D, Green L, Naylor C, et al. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XXV. Evidence-based medicine: principles for applying the Users' Guides to patient care. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;284(10):1290-6.

Hunt D, Jaeschke R, McKibbon K. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXI. Using electronic health information resources in evidence-based practice. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;283(14):1875-9.

Mills E, Checchi F, Orbinski J, Schull M, Burkle FM Jr , Beyrer C, et al. Users' guides to the medical literature: how to use an article about mortality in a humanitarian emergency. Confl Health. 2008;2:9.

Randolph A, Haynes R, Wyatt J, Cook D, Guyatt G. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XVIII. How to use an article evaluating the clinical impact of a computer-based clinical decision support system. JAMA 1999;282(1):67-74.

Stephenson J, Babiker A. Overview of study design in clinical epidemiology. Sex Transm Infect 2000;76(4):244-7.

Dans A, Dans L, Guyatt G, Richardson S. Users' guides to the medical literature: XIV. How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial results to your patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1998;279(7):545-9.

Glasser S, Howard G. Clinical trial design issues: at least 10 things you should look for in clinical trials. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46(10):1106-15.

Miser W. Finding truth from the medical literature: how to critically evaluate an article. Prim Care 2006;33(4):839-62, vi.

Mann C. Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies. Emerg Med J 2003;20(1):54-60.

Morabia A. Case-control studies in clinical research: mechanism and prevention of selection bias. Prev Med 1997;26(5 Pt 1):674-7.

Diagnosis Studies

Barratt A, Irwig L, Glasziou P, Cumming R, Raffle A, Hicks N, et al. Users' guides to the medical literature: XVII. How to use guidelines and recommendations about screening. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1999;281(21):2029-34.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests. BMJ 1997;315(7107):540-3.

McGinn T, Guyatt G, Wyer P, Naylor C, Stiell I, Richardson W. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXII: how to use articles about clinical decision rules. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;284(1):79-84.

Richardson W, Wilson M, Guyatt G, Cook D, Nishikawa J. Users' guides to the medical literature: XV. How to use an article about disease probability for differential diagnosis. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1999;281(13):1214-9.

Richardson W, Wilson M, Williams JW Jr , Moyer V, Naylor C. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXIV. How to use an article on the clinical manifestations of disease. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;284(7):869-75.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses). BMJ 1997;315(7108):596-9.

Giacomini M, Cook D. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXIII. Qualitative research in health care A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;284(3):357-62.

Giacomini M, Cook D. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXIII. Qualitative research in health care B. What are the results and how do they help me care for my patients? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;284(4):478-82.

Greenhalgh T, Taylor R. Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research). BMJ 1997;315(7110):740-3.

Pickler R. Evaluating qualitative research studies. J Pediatr Health Care 2007;21(3):195-7.

Statistics

Carlin J, Doyle L. Statistics for clinicians: 4: Basic concepts of statistical reasoning: hypothesis tests and the t-test. J Paediatr Child Health 2001;37(1):72-7.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Statistics for the non-statistician. I: Different types of data need different statistical tests. BMJ 1997;315(7104):364-6.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Statistics for the non-statistician. II:"Significant"relations and their pitfalls. BMJ 1997;315(7105):422-5.

Stoner M, Rutledge D. 10 statistical terms you should know. Home Healthc Nurse 2005;23(3):183-7.

Young K, Lewis R. What is confidence? Part 1: The use and interpretation of confidence intervals. Ann Emerg Med 1997;30(3):307-10.

Young K, Lewis R. What is confidence? Part 2: Detailed definition and determination of confidence intervals. Ann Emerg Med 1997;30(3):311-8.

Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses

Delaney A, Bagshaw S, Ferland A, Laupland K, Manns B, Doig C. The quality of reports of critical care meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: an independent appraisal. Crit Care Med 2007;35(2):589-94.

Greenhalgh T. Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). BMJ 1997;315(7109):672-5.

Therapy Studies

Bucher H, Guyatt G, Cook D, Holbrook A, McAlister F. Users' guides to the medical literature: XIX. Applying clinical trial results. A. How to use an article measuring the effect of an intervention on surrogate end points. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1999;282(8):771-8.

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Papers that report drug trials. BMJ 1997;315(7106):480-3.

Guyatt G, Sinclair J, Cook D, Glasziou P. Users' guides to the medical literature: XVI. How to use a treatment recommendation. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group and the Cochrane Applicability Methods Working Group. JAMA 1999;281(19):1836-43.

McAlister F, Laupacis A, Wells G, Sackett D. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XIX. Applying clinical trial results B. Guidelines for determining whether a drug is exerting (more than) a class effect. JAMA 1999;282(14):1371-7.

McAlister F, Straus S, Guyatt G, Haynes R. Users' guides to the medical literature: XX. Integrating research evidence with the care of the individual patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 2000;283(21):2829-36.