[M0214-06plm-p1]-1501156143 Android Mobile Programming

ABSTRACT

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction

Background

Nowadays, there’re too many smartphones with many different brands, like Apple with their iPhone, Samsung with the Galaxy series, Blackberry, and many more. But, only some of them is the famous brand as an outstanding competitor. And one of them is Samsung, the company is really successful selling their smartphone product in the market. Their product, the smartphone Galaxy series, is really outstanding. In creating their smartphone, Android is used as the OS of all the Samsung Smartphones.

In this topic, we won’t talk about Samsung or any other smartphones. We will discuss about the Android, to be specific, the method in developing Android applications.

As you can see the picture at page 3, the Android user is in a big percentage, which means the opportunity in developing applications for Android is still big. Also, in developing applications is quite easy. Because of the requirement is only having JAVA IDE as the programming platform, but included the SDK Tools for android. So, when the project finished, the application can directly implemented into Android OS without converting the application to a runnable application in Android.

Android is still the outstanding operating system that used on many smartphones, because it’s an open source program. So, once again I state that developing applications in Android market still have a big opportunity to gain profit.

Scope

• 
  Introduction to Android
  
• 
  Developing applications on Android
  
• 
  Creating applications on Android
  
• 
  Requirements to start developing applications on Android
  
• 
  Platforms used in developing applications on Android
  

Objectives and Benefit

The advantages that would come after reading this writing that will provide:

• 
  I can fulfill the requirement to pass Topik-Topik Lanjutan subject.
  
• 
  The reader would have to know more about android.
  
• 
  The reader would have more knowledge about developing Android applications.
  
• 
  I can learn more about writing a proper paper.
  

Methodology

Chapter 2
Literature Review

Introduction to Android

The system is very lightweight and full featured. (DiMarzio, 2008)

Actually android is founded by 3 people, Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White, they founded the company Android.Inc. They develop android based on their ideas which they want to create a mobile device that can aware user’s location and and preferences.

In August 7^th, 2005, Google acquired the Android Inc., including their owners Mike, Miner and White stayed in the company. Google bought the Android Inc. because they want to enter the mobile phone market. So, until now we know that android is developed by Google.

The product (android) itself is an open source program, so other mobile phone company who want to develop a new phone can buy android lisence and use it as the OS of their product since Google not into the hardware of mobile phones but the software technology of mobile devices.

People can develop android applications by using Java and can be ported easily to the new platform. Why Java? Because Java is an OOP (Object Oriented Programming) Language which the programming language that used by developer nowadays.

Introduction to Java

Sun Microsystems was acquired by the Oracle Corporation in 2010. Oracle has now the steermanship for Java.

Over time new enhanced versions of Java have been released. The current version of Java is Java 1.7 which is also known as Java 7.

From the Java programming language the Java platform evolved. The Java platform allows software developers to write program code in other languages than the Java programming language and still runs on the Java virtual machine. The Java platform is usually associated with the Java virtual machine and the Java core libraries.

Actually, the Java programming tool that will be used is the Java GUI/IDE not like Textpad or Eclipse (not Eclipse IDE) which only supported by the JDK (Java Development Kit) only. In this writing, I’d like to recommend you to use Eclipse IDE for some reasons. But IDE isn’t enough to developing an android application, we need android SDK for making the Java IDE can make android project.

Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that represents concepts as "objects" that have data fields (attributes that describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods. Objects, which are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs. C++, Objective-C, Smalltalk, Java, C#, Perl, Python, Ruby ,Pascal, (Delphi or Lazarus), and PHP are examples of object-oriented programming languages. (Kindler, 2011)

Software Development Kit

A software development kit is typically a set of software development tools that allows for the creation of applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar development platform. (Eckel, 1998)

IDE

IDE or integrated development environment or interactive development environment is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Most modern IDEs offer Intelligent code completion features. (Vogel, 2012)

GUI

Graphical user interface or GUI is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLI), which require commands to be typed on the keyboard. (Martinez, 2011)

Chapter 3
Discussion

Setting Up Android Development Environment

Before any work can begin on the development of an Android application, the first step is to configure a computer system to act as the development platform. This involves a number of steps consisting of installing the Java Development Kit (JDK), the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and the appropriate Android Software Development Kit (SDK). In addition to these steps, it will also be necessary to install the Eclipse Android Development Tool (ADT) Plug-in.

System Requirements

To setup Android environment in Eclipse IDE, there are some system requirements:

• 
  Windows XP (32-bit)
  
• 
  Windows Vista (32-bit or 64-bit)
  
• 
  Windows 7 (32-bit or 64-bit)
  
• 
  Windows 8
  
• 
  Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (Intel based systems only)
  
• 
  Linux systems with version 2.7 or later of GNU C Library (glibc)
  

Installing the JDK and JRE

Both the Eclipse IDE and Android SDK were developed using the Java programming language. Similarly, Android applications are also developed using Java. As a result, the Java Development Kit (JDK) is the first component that must be installed. Android development requires the installation of the Standard Edition of the Java Platform Development Kit version 6 or newer. Java is provided in both development (JDK) and runtime (JRE) packages. For the purposes of Android development, the JDK must be installed.

Installing JDK or JRE

Installing the ADT Bundle

ADT (Android Development Tools) is a plugin of eclipse IDE that would help developer for modeling the GUI and code the android application in eclipse. So, developer mustn’t convert their final project (application) into the android-readable application. Also, before download, please make sure the downloaded ADT is suiteable with the computer system (32 or 64 bit).

Installing the ADT Bundle

After installing ADT, the following upgrades notification will pop up and run the update process until the ADT is updated.

Add ADT Plugin to Existing Eclipse Integration

If you really follow the steps above, I assume that the eclipse IDE isn’t installed yet, so the rule is install all the normal requirement to install a java platform (JDK and JRE) and after that install the android plugin (ADT). Then install the eclipse IDE and last use the plugin menu inside eclipse IDE for installing the ADT plugin.



Installing ADT plugin

So, in short the beginning the development of Android based applications, the first step is to set up a suitable development environment. This consists of the Java Development Kit (JDK), Android SDKs, Eclipse IDE and the Android ADT Plugin for Eclipse. (Pemrograman Android untuk Pemula, 2013)

Modeling, Coding, and Compiling

To create an android application using Eclipse IDE, you must fulfill the setting requirement above. After setting the environment is done, open the eclipse program (eclipse.exe).

After that choose menu File>New>Project. Then the wizard will show up, choose android application on the list. In this example I’d like to give a “Hello World” application using eclipse IDE.

New Android App Wizard

Next is follow the instructions at the wizard until the finalize button shows up. Once finalized, the application is created.

The same as we code using eclipse, just search the src (which usual place where the code in eclipse is). But there is a difference, we shouldn’t create any the java text document (the .java file) manually, it’s already auto generated inside the src folder as MainActivity.java.



The MainActivity.java File

As usual, there will be any generated text code inside the MainActivity.java file like this

Then, import textview for viewing the text that we want to state, also to enable us for calling the function textview inside the method. And stated the “hello world” string (text).

The android version of “hello world” code

And last, run it as android application, because we are making the “hello world” will be running on android devices.

The android version of “hello world” program

The look of the debugged code is different from the usual eclipse debug, because we debug the code on the Android Virtual Device, which is auto generated when we install the ADT plugin. The AVD (Android Virtual Device) is used for test if our code can run on the android device or not.

Publishing The Application

To publish the created application, there are two ways,

• 
  First, is publishing via Google Play Store
  
• 
  And publishing the application via personal media (blog, website, etc)
  

The one that I’d like to tell is how to publish the application through Google Play. The steps are :

1. 
   Open Google Play website (https://play.google.com/apps/publish/.)
   
2. 
   Register as publisher account
   
3. 
   Enter the personal identity, just like registering at any site
   
4. 
   If you want to sell the application, you must pay $25 USD for using Google Wallet, and if not have the Google Wallet ID, you must create the account. If you want to publish the application for free, you can skip this step.
   
5. 
   Finalize registration process, and verification code will send to your email.
   

And to register the Google Wallet, you must follow these steps:

1. 
   Sign in at Google Play website
   
2. 
   Open financial reports () menu
   
3. 
   Click Setup a Merchant Account Now
   

Android Community

Google Android Developer forum : https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/Android-developers

Android Nusantara : http://www.androidnusantara.com/

Kaskus Android Community

Android Indonesia Community : http://www.android-indonesia.com/

Chapter 4
Conclusion

Conclusion

Android is one of the outstanding OS for any mobile devices in the market. Nowadays, every medium-small stage of smartphones brand are using Android as their OS. It is happening because Android is an open-source program, so the buyer only need to pay the license for using the Android OS.

In developing Android application, developer can use Java language for the code. Since Java is an OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) language, which is everyone is using right now, it’s quite easy to find the platform for develop the application. This time, the eclipse taken as example.

Before the developing process starts, the programming environment must be set up first. Not only for the java platform (JDK and JRE), the Android platform is must be setting up too. To set up the Android environment, we must install the Android SDK Tools, the ADT (Android Development Tools) plugin.

And for publishing the application, developers can publish their program via Google Play Store or the publish it themselves.

Suggestions

Because of the limitation of time, in the future I’d like to add some things more like:

• 
  More interesting code, not a very easy code like “hello world”
  
• 
  Comparison between Android OS with others
  

Also in the future I’d hope there’re more people who want to develop applications in android, beside it will improve their skills as developer, also it will keep the market on so there’s still a place to gain some profit individually in IT industry.

Bibliography

DiMarzio, J. (2008). Android - A Programmers Guide. Mc Graw Hill.

Eckel, B. (1998). Thinking in Java.

Enterprise, J. (2013). Pemrograman Android untuk Pemula. Elex Media Komputindo.

Kindler, K. (2011). Object-Oriented Simulated Systems with Sophicasted Control.

Martinez, W. (2011). Graphicak User Interfaces WIREs Compstat.

Vogel, L. (2012). Introduction to Java Programming.

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