Objectives, Rationale, Outcomes



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Course Description

This course is rigorous in content assuming that students in the class have the ability to be challenged on topics of music theory not regularly presented in the normal visual and performing arts course. The course content will take students from a basic knowledge to an advanced knowledge in music. Students will also spend time on ear training, sight singing, composition, and keyboard skills – which will aid in their ability to comprehend what the text is trying to present and eventually pass the AP test.


Objectives, Rationale, Outcomes

The objectives below have been adapted from the Expanded Course Specifications posted on the AP Music Theory Home Page on AP Central®.


Outcome A: explore, learn and master all western music theory concepts, formulas and curricula.

In this course, students explore, learn and master theory concepts through rigorous text study, ear training, sight singing, composition, keyboard skill, and analization/ dissection of western music.


Outcome B: use knowledge learned/ gained to interpret music on an advanced level.

In this course, students will use the knowledge they can gain to interpret musical works in a more advanced process than a “regular” student in performing arts would do as they perform various selections of music from all historical times/ genres.


Outcome C: use skills and expertise to take the AP music theory exam.

In this course, students will spend time preparing to take the AP Music Theory exam, which is a direct reflection of all the materials, skill and expertise the class will have covered.


Text, Materials

Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Saker. Music in theory and practice. 7th ed. New York:

McGraw-Hill, 2003. (volumes I and II)
Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Saker. Music in theory and practice workbook. 7th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Forney, Kristine. The Norton Scores. 7th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1995.

(volumes I and II including CD set)


Berkowitz, Sol, Gabriel Fontrier, and Leo Kraft. A New Approach to Sight-singing. 4th ed. New York:

W.W. Norton, 1997.



Practica Music – web student addition

Technology Aids


Ricci Adams’ Music Theory Web site: http://www.musictheory.net
Gilbert DeBenedetti’s G Major Music Theory: http://www.gmajormusictheory.org
20 Yamaha PSR-E303 Keyboards

COURSE PLANNER:
The syllabus is organized month by month, following the design of the text. Students will complete part of the Text Assignments along with part of the Workbook Assignments. Tests/ Quizzes will be given at then end of every chapter. Most tests/quizzes will come directly from the text book. Some tests/ quizzes will be designed by the instructor, rather than the text. Monday, Wednesday and Friday will be lecture and written theory days. Tuesday and Thursday will be sight singing, keyboard skills, and dictation.
September

  • Preface: Developing the “hearing eye” and “seeing ear”

  • Introduction: Sound, vibration, properties of sound, overtones.

  • Ch. 1: NOTATION and RHYTHM

Basic notation, letter names, clefs – treble, bass, alto, tenor moveable, accidentals, enharmonic equivalents, simple/compound meter signatures, grand staff, Rhythm – basic to complex, Irregular Divisions of beat, Dynamic Markings

  • Ch. 2: SCALES, TONALITY, KEY MODES

Major and minor, relative keys, parallel keys, tonality, circle of fifths, Diatonic Scales, Transposition, Tonality, Key Signatures

  • Ch. 3: INTERVALS and TRANSPOSITION

Intervals and Interval Numbers, Perfect, Major and Minor Intervals, Consonance and Dissonance, Augmented and Diminished Intervals, Enharmonic Intervals, Inversion of intervals, Compound Intervals and Simple Intervals

  • Ch. 4: CHORDS

Harmony, Chords, Triad, Triad Roots, Major-Minor-Diminished-Augmented Triad, Triad Inversion, Root Position, First Inversion, Second Inversion, Organum, Figured Bass, Triads on Scale Degrees, Primary Triads, Harmonic Analysis – Roman Numeral, Triad Position Symbol, Seventh Chords, Seventh Chords Analysis Symbols, Figured Bass Symbols, Macro Analysis, Popular Music Symbols, Lead Sheet/ Fake Sheet, Added Sixth Chord

  • *Introduction to Practicing for AP Test. “What will you need to know”


Ear Training: Practica Music: intervals within one octave ascending and descending

Dictation: Students compose simple melodies – Jeopardy Theme, Mary Had a Little Lamb. Students dictate simple melodies played by instructor from the Sight Singing Book – A New Approach To Sight Singing

Sight Singing: Intro of moveable sol-fe system. “Solfeggio Syllables”, Sing Major and Minor Scale and intervals. Ch. 1 #1-24

Keyboard Skills: Learning and executing all notes on the piano

Listening: Major, Minor, Diminished, Augmented Qualities

October


  • Ch. 5: CADENCES and NONHARMONIC TONES

Phrase, Harmonic Cadence, Perfect Authentic Cadence, Imperfect Authentic Cadence, Half Cadence, Phrygian Half Cadence, Plagal Cadence, Deceptive Cadence, Rhythmic Cadence, Nonharmonic Tones, Unaccented Nonharmonic Tones, Unaccented Passing Tone, Unaccented Neighboring Tone, Escape Tone, Anticipation, Accented Nonharmonic Tones, Accented Passing Tone, Accented Neighboring Tone, Suspension, Retardation, Appoggiatura, Successive Passing Tones, Changing Tones, Double Neighboring Tones, Neighbor Group, Pedal Tone, Inverted Pedal Tone

  • Ch. 8: VOICE LEADING in TWO VOICES

Voice Leading, Voices, Species Counterpoint, Cantus Firmus, Counterpoint, Parallel/Contrary/Oblique/Similar Motion, Musica Ficta, Horn Fifth, and Introduction of composing a bass line for a given melody.

  • Ch. 9: VOICE LEADING in FOUR VOICES

Four-Voice Texture, Chorale, Stylistic Practices, Root Position, Exception to Stylistic Practices, First-Inversion Triads. 6/4 Chords, Second-Inversion Triads, Standard Voice-Leading Guidelines, Unstylistic Departures, Voice Ranges, Realization of Figured Bass, Realization of Roman Numeral Progression

*Note: Listening for melodic and harmonic development
Ear Training: Practica Musica: intervals within over an octave ascending and descending

Dictation: Dictate simple melodies played by instructor from the Sight Singing Book – A New Approach To Sight Singing. Will focus on Rhythmic Dictation. Composition of Figured Bass

Sight Singing: Sing Major and Minor Scale and intervals. Ch. 1 #25-46 Ch. 1 Part II #142-147 melodies

Keyboard Skills: Major and Chromatic Scales with I, IV, V7, I chord progression in every key

Listening: Scales – Diatonic, Chromatic, Pentatonic, Whole Tone, etc.

November


  • Ch. 10: HARMONIC PROGRESSION and HARMONIC RHYTHM

Root Relationships, Chord Progression, Circle Progression, Ascending Fifths, Ascending Seconds, Descending Thirds, Harmonic Rhythm, Changes, Style, Listening to repertoire for study of motive

  • Ch 11: THE DOMINANT SEVENTH CHORD

Inversions, Macro Analysis Symbols, Resolution, Circle Resolution, Noncircle resolution, Nonresolution of the 7th factor.
Ear Training: Practica Musica: simple chord progressions

Dictation: Students transcribe simple solo from rock or jazz chart, continue simple melodic dictation…add second voice.

Sight Singing: Sing Major and Minor Scale and seventh chords d Ch. 1 #47-72 Ch. 2 Duets #1-10

Keyboard Skills: Play Simple melodies

Listening: Jazz Excerpts for Dominant Seventh Chord and Harmonic Progressions in 12 bar blues format. Listen to popular music that students bring in – analyze as a class.

December


  • Ch 12: THE LEADING-TONE SEVENTH CHORDS

Half-Diminished Seventh Chord, Fully Diminished Seventh Chord, Resolution of Tritones, Resolution of Root and Seventh Factors, Macro Analysis Symbols

  • Ch 13: NON DOMINANT SEVENTH CHORDS

Analysis Symbols, Dominant and Nondominant Functions, Macro Analysis Symbols, Nondominant Seventh Chords in Circle Progressions, Noncircle Treatment, Resolution of the Seventh Factor
Ear Training: Practica Music: 4 voice chord progressions

Dictation: compound meter melodic and rhythmic dictation

Sight Singing: Sing Major and Minor Scale and seventh chords d Ch. 1 #73-99 Ch. 2 Duets #11-15

Keyboard Skills: NA

Listening: Renaissance Examples Compositions from W.W. Norton Anthology


January


  • Ch 6: MELODIC ORGANIZATION

Motive – Rhythmic and Melodic, Sequence – Segment, Real, Tonal, Modified, False, Phrase – Phrase Member, Period, Antecedent-Consequent, Parallel Period, Contrasting Period, Three-Phrase Period, Double Period, Repeated Phrases, Extended Phrase, Change of Mode, Climax Tone, Ascent, Descent.

  • Ch 7: TEXTURE and TEXTURAL REDUCTION

Texture, Density, Range, Texture Types, Monophonic Texture, Polyphonic Texture, Homophonic Texture, Homorhythmic Texture, Primary Melody, Secondary Melody, Parallel Supporting Melody, Static Support, Harmonic and Rhythmic Support, Harmonic Support, Rhythmic Support, Textural Reduction

  • Comprehensive midterm-exam review including all ear training, dictation, sight-singing materials studied.


Ear Training: Practica Music: review for ear training mid-term

Dictation: Creating a bass line, review for mid-term dictation exam – major and minor simple melody

Sight Singing: Review for sight singing mid-term on all material covered

Keyboard Skills: NA

Listening: Baroque and Classical Compositions from W.W. Norton Anthology


February


  • Ch 14: MODULATION

Modulations, Closely Related Keys, Common Chords, Pivot Chord, Common Chord Modulation, Phrase Modulation, Direct Modulation, Chromatic Modulation.

  • Ch 15: SECONDARY DOMINANTS and LEADING-TONE CHORDS

Secondary Dominants, Altered Chords, Primary Dominants, Tonicized Chord, Secondary Leading-Tone Chords, Macro Analysis, Nondiatonic Tone, Four-Chord Formulas, Tritone Substitution

  • Ch 16: TWO-PART (Binary) FORM

Formal Divisions, Closed Form, Open Form, Simple Forms, Binary Form, Ternary Form, Compound Forms, Bar Form

  • Ch. 17: THREE-PART (Ternary) FORM

Ternary Form, Expanded Ternary Form, Rounded Binary (Incipient Three-Part) Form, Refrain, Bridge (Release), Quaternary Form
Ear Training: Practica Music: review and master parts of program students failed on during mid-term

Dictation: Dictating Chord Progressions. Use Ricci’s website!

Sight Singing: Review Supplementary Exercises pg 300-313

Keyboard Skills: Sing and Play from Sight Singing Book Pg. 142 #1-5

Listening: Continue Baroque, Classical compositions CD from W.W. Norton Anthology

March


  • Volume II: Ch. 3 THE FUGUE

Subject, Exposition, Answer – Real, Tonal, Modulating Subject, Countersubject, Invertible counterpoint, inversion at the octave, Link, Bridge, Episode, Entry, Stretto, Augmentation, Diminution, Retrograde, Melodic inversion, Coda

  • Volume II: Ch. 7 VARIATION TECHNIQUE

Variation, Continuous variation, Ground Bass, Basso Ostinato, Chaconne, Passacaglia, Theme and Variation, Embellished melodic line, Unique rhythmic figure, Change of meter, Change of mode, Alberti Bass Figure, Change of harmony, Change of tempo, extended pitch range, harmonic motive, repeated motive, change of voice.

  • Volume II: Ch. 8 SONATA FORM

Sonata form, Exposition, First theme, Theme group, transition, Second theme, Third theme (closing theme), Codetta, Development, Retransition, Recapitulation, Coda

  • Volume II: Ch. 9 RONDO FORM

Refrain, Episode, Transition, Retransition, Three-part rondo, Five-part rondo, Seven-part rondo, and Sonata rondo

*Note: Lots of listening done this month to illustrate and hear form, motive, rhythmic and melodic treatment, harmonic analysis.
Ear Training: Practica Music: students can stop using program if they have mastered. If not, they will continue on with the segments they struggle with

Dictation: Students will write 2 melodies and 1 chord progression which will be used to quiz the rest of the class.

Sight Singing: Sing Major and Minor Scale and seventh chords d Ch. 1 #100 -128 Ch. 2 Duets #16-20

Keyboard Skills: Sing and Play from Sight Singing Book Pg. 143 #6-10

Listening: Continue Baroque, Classical compositions CD from W.W. Norton Anthology
April

  • Volume II: Ch. 4 BORROWED CHORDS

In Major Keys: iidim6, iihalfdim7, iv, bVI, viidim7

In Minor Keys: I (picardy 3rd)

Modal Mixture


  • Volume II: Ch. 5 NEAPLITAN 6th CHORDS

N6

  • Volume II: Ch. 6 AUGMENTED 6th CHORDS

Italian 6th: It6

French 6th: Fr6

German 6th: Gr6
Ear Training: Practica Music: students can stop using program if they have mastered. If not, they will continue on with the segments they struggle with

Dictation: 4 part voice leading. As constructed by instructor. Students will fill in alto, tenor voice

Sight Singing: Sing Major and Minor Scale and seventh chords d Ch. 1 #129-133 Ch. 1 #148-163

Keyboard Skills: Sing and Play from Sight Singing Book Pg. 143 #11-13

Listening: Romantic, Neo-Classical compositions CD from W.W. Norton Anthology

May


  • *AP exam review

  • *AP EXAM

  • Introduction of Class Projects: Arranging and Composing


Dictation: AP Practice Test

Sight Singing: AP Practice Test

Dictation: 4 part voice leading. As constructed by instructor. Students will fill in alto, tenor voice. Practice quizzes using major and minor tonality – melodies in simple and compound meters used from the sight singing book.

Keyboard Skills: NA

Listening: Romantic, Neo-Classical compositions CD from W.W. Norton Anthology. Jazz and Popular song will also be used in listening this month.
June

  • Volume II: Ch 15 THE CONTMEPORARY PERIOD

Primitivism, Neoclassicism, Pandiatonicism, Polytonality, Dual modality, Shifted tonality, Free tonality, Polychords, Quartal chords, Clusters, Changing meter, Additive rhythm, Asymmetric meters, nonaccentual rhythms, Set theory, pitch class, Set, Set types, Inversions, Normal order, Best Normal Order

  • Volume II: Ch. 16 TWELVE-TONE TECHNIQUE

Prime, Retrograde, Inversion, Retrograde inversion, Row, Series, Pitch Class, The Matrix, Segments

  • Arrange the Star Spangle Banner for four instruments

  • Compose an original composition for piano in the style of the classical genre.


Teaching Strategies:

In order to provide students with a chance to enhance their learning and musical skill through creative exercises that combine both writing and analyzing – we compose a melody that later becomes the basis of the original composition in June. Students start to learn what it takes to properly compose a melody as we complete each chapter. Every month students submit their melodies for approval. We start with four measures and work to a minimum of 48. At first it is just a melody. Then we add a bass line and later the inner voices until we have 4 point counterpoint. This melody is composed for piano. As students complete their 48 measures, copies are made of each student’s composition and then analyzed by their classmates. Students then play each others melodies on their major instrument or record it to CD.


Evaluation:
Grading Rubric

Dicatation/ Ear Training: 20%

Homework: 10%

Quizzes: 10%



Sight Singing: 20%

Written Tests/ Projects: 40%

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