On substances that deplete the ozone layer
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- 2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Montreal Protocol
- Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment
- ISBN: 978-9966-076-09-0 N.B. Slight corrections have been made to tables 2-8 and 2-9, highlighted in yellow. DISCLAIMER
- Abstract Executive Summary 13
- Executive Summaries of all Chapters 19
- Annex to chapter 2 - safety standards and regulations 62
- 4 Commercial refrigeration 83
- 6 Transport refrigeration 116
- 8 Water heating heat pumps 166
- 10 Vehicle air conditioning 193
- Annex to Chapter 10 213 11 Sustainable refrigeration 221
- Annex 1 - TEAP Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) - Membership status 12/14 235
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER 
UNEP
2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment UNEP 2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Montreal Protocol On Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer UNEP 2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment The text of this report is composed in Times New Roman. Co-ordination: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee Composition: Lambert Kuijpers and Roberto Peixoto (Co-chairs) Formatting, Reproduction: RTOC co-chairs and UNEP Nairobi, Ozone Secretariat Date: February 2015
Printed in Kenya, 2015 ISBN: 978-9966-076-09-0 N.B. Slight corrections have been made to tables 2-8 and 2-9, highlighted in yellow. DISCLAIMER The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) co-chairs and members, the Refrigeration AC and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee, co-chairs and members, and the companies and organisations that employ them do not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the technical options discussed. Every industrial operation requires consideration of worker safety and proper disposal of contaminants and waste products. Moreover, as work continues - including additional toxicity evaluation - more information on health, environmental and safety effects of alternatives and replacements will become available for use in selecting among the options discussed in this document. UNEP, the TEAP co-chairs and members, the Refrigeration, AC and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee, co-chairs and members, in furnishing or distributing this information, do not make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or utility; nor do they assume any liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from the use or reliance upon any information, material, or procedure contained herein, including but not limited to any claims regarding health, safety, environmental effect or fate, efficacy, or performance, made by the source of information. Mention of any company, association, or product in this document is for information purposes only and does not constitute a recommendation of any such company, association, or product, either express or implied by UNEP, the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel co-chairs or members, the Refrigeration, AC and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee co-chairs or members, or the companies or organisations that employ them. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The UNEP Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee acknowledges with thanks the outstanding contributions from all of the individuals and organisations who provided technical support to committee members. In developing this report, particularly the chapter lead authors were instrumental. The names of chapter lead authors, co-authors and contributors are given at the start of each chapter. Addresses and contact numbers of the chapter lead authors and all other authors of the UNEP TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps can be found in the Annex. The opinions expressed are those of the Committee and do not necessarily reflect the views of any sponsoring or supporting organisations. Gratitude is expressed to UNEP’s Ozone Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya for the co-operation in formatting and styling of the report and for the reproduction of this report. UNEP 2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Table of Contents Key Messages 9 Refrigerants 9 Domestic appliances 9 Commercial refrigeration 9 Industrial systems 10 Transport refrigeration 10 Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps 10 Water heating heat pumps 10 Chillers 11 Vehicle air conditioning 11 Sustainable refrigeration 11
Refrigerants 13 Domestic appliances 13 Commercial refrigeration 14 Industrial systems 14 Transport refrigeration 15 Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps 15 Water heating heat pumps 16 Vehicle air conditioning 17 Sustainable refrigeration 18 Executive Summaries of all Chapters 19 Refrigerants 19 Domestic appliances 19 Commercial refrigeration 20 Industrial systems 21 Transport refrigeration 21 Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps 22 Water heating heat pumps 23 Chillers 24 Vehicle air conditioning 24 Sustainable refrigeration 26
1.1 Montreal Protocol developments 29 1.2 The UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel 30 1.3 The Technical Options Committee Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps 33 1.4Refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps 35
2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Refrigerant descriptions 47 2.3 Data summary 52 Table 2-9: Data summary for azeotropic refrigerant blends 55 2.4 Concluding remarks 57 2.5 References 57
References 66 3 Domestic appliances 69 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Options for new equipment 70 3.3 Options for existing domestic refrigerators 76 3.4 End-of-life disposal 77 3.5 Concluding remarks 77 3.6 References 77
4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Applications 83 4.3Options for new equipment 84 4.4 Options for existing equipment 93 4.5 References 94 5 Industrial systems 98 5.1 Introduction 98 5.2 Applications 102 5.3 options for new equipment 106 5.4 Options for existing equipment 109 5.5 Service requirements 111 5.6 Concluding remarks 111 5.7 References 111 6 Transport refrigeration 116 6.1 Introduction 116 6.2Options for new equipment 116 6.3Options for existing equipment 121 6.4 Concluding remarks 123 6.5 References 123 Annex to Chapter 6 126 7 Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps 134 7.1 Introduction 134 7.2 Equipment types 135 7.3 Options for new equipment 138 7.4 Options for existing equipment 146 7.5 High ambient considerations 149 7.6 Concluding remarks 154 7.7 References 154 8 Water heating heat pumps 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2Heat pump types, implications and trends 166 8.3 Options for new equipment 169 8.4Refrigerant charge Levels 173 8.5 Options for existing systems 173 8.6 Concluding remarks 173 8.7 References 174 9 Chillers 177 9.1 Introduction 177 9.2 Types of equipment and applications 178 9.3Options for new equipment 179 9.4Options for existing chiller equipment 184 9.5 Alternatives for high ambient conditions 186 9.6 Concluding remarks 186 9.7 References 187 10 Vehicle air conditioning 193 10.1 Introduction 193 10.2 Description of systems and current and future applications of mobile air conditioning systems 193 10.3 Options for New and Future Mobile Air Conditioning Systems 196 10.4 Options for existing Systems 205 10.5 Concluding Remarks 205 10.6 References 206
11.1 Introduction 221 11.2 Sustainability applied to refrigeration 221 11.3 Direct impact of refrigerants 224 11.4 Indirect impacts due to energy use 229 11.5 Equipment life cycle considerations: equipment design, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life 230 Annex 1 - TEAP Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) - Membership status 12/14 235 Annex 2 - Contact details for authors, co-authors and contributors to the 2014 RTOC Assessment Report (to be completed) 237 Directory: meeting meeting -> Program description meeting -> Iea shcp/pvps working Group on pv/t solar Systems meeting -> Office of the collector: jagatsinghpur (st & sc development Section) meeting -> World meteorological organization meeting -> WG/hwsor action item summary (Current as of 28 Feb 2013) meeting -> Review of the past hurricane season meeting -> Review of the past hurricane season reports of hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical disturbances and related flooding during meeting -> Town of seabrook island meeting -> World meteorological organization Download 1.63 Mb. Share with your friends:
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