PART I: CONCEPTUALIZING AND JUSTIFYING IP SPACE 3
Introduction: Thinking about Private Space 3
Intellectual Property: Intellectual? Property? 3
MacDonald, The Swiss Army Knife of Governance 3
Interface of IP with Property, Tort and Contract 5
Property 5
Moore v. Regents of the University of California 5
Gould Estate v. Stoddart Publishing Co. 6
Entitlements and enforcement of entitlement 8
Calabresi & Melamed, “Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability…” 8
Contract 9
ProCD Inc. v. Zeidenberg 10
Network Associates 11
Nimmer, “Breaking Barriers: The Relation between Contract and Intellectual Property” 11
Reichman & Franklin, “Privately Legislated Intellectual Property Rights” 13
Justifications for ordering of IP space 14
Labour/desert 14
Hughes, “The Philosophy of IP (labour)” 16
Economic/efficiency/utilitarian 17
Boyd White, “The Language and Culture of Economics” 19
Merges, “Intellectual Property Rights and the New Institutional Economics” 20
Personhood 20
Hughes, “The Philosophy of IP (Personhood)” 21
Distributive justice/fairness 23
Litman, “The Public Domain” 24
Boyle, “The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain” 26
Polk-Wagner, “Information wants to be free…” 27
Case Study – Theberge 28
PART II: ORDERING IP SPACE – CR, TM & PATENT 28
Copyright 29
Origins of Copyright 29
Donaldson v. Beckett 30
Snow v. Eaton Centre Ltd. 31
Prise de Parole Inc. v. Guerin 32
Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Companies 33
Apple Computer v. Mackintosh Computers 34
Computer Associates Int’l v. Altai 35
Copyright in Canada – Overview 37
Copyright in Canada – Initial Hurdles and Scope 42
Nichols v. Universal Pictures 47
Drassinower, “A Rights-Based View of the Idea/Expression Dichotomy…” 48
Rosen, “Reconsidering the Idea/Expression Dichotomy” 48
Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Services 49
Tele-Direct v. American Business Information 50
CCH v. Law Society of Upper Canada (S.C.C.) 51
CCH Canadian v. Law Society of Upper Canada (Fed. C.A.) 53
Theberge v. Galerie d’Art du Petit Champlain 56
Rogers v. Koons 57
M. Spence, “Intellectual Property and the Problem of Parody” 58
Trademark and Passing Off 60
Origins of Trademarks 60
Sherman & Bentley 60
Reddaway v. Banham 60
Champagne case 61
Eli Lilly v. Novopharm Ltd. 63
Trademarks in Canada – Overview 65
Trademarks – Initial Hurdles and Scope 66
Reckitt & Colman Products v. Borden 69
LEGO Case 70
Pink Panther Beauty Corporation (A) v. United Artists Corporation (R) 71
Litman, “Breakfast with Batman” 73
Beebe, “Search and Persuasion in TM Law” 74
Michelin v. CAW 75
BCAA v. Office and Prof Employees’ Union 76
Breck’s Sporting Goods Co. v. Magder 76
Heinz Canada v. Edan 77
Patents 78
Origins of Patents 78
Coke, “Against Monopolies…” 78
Sherman & Bentley 78
Schlumberger Canada Ltd. v. Canada 79
Tennessee Eastman Co. v. Canada (Commissioner of Patents) 80
Patent in Canada – Overview 81
Patent in Canada – Initial Hurdles and Scope 87
Beloit Canada Ltd. v. Valmet Oy 89
Kewanee Oil v. Bicron 90
Cadbury Schweppes v. FBI Foods 91
Free World Trust v. Electro-Sante 92
Parker v. Flook 93
PART III: ALTERNATIVES TO IP REGULATION; NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL ASPECTS OF GOVERNANCE 96
Alternatives to IP regimes 96
Formal Regulation 96
Trebilock, “The Law and Economics of Cdn Competition Policy” 96
Volkswagen Canada v. Access International 99
Sallen v. Corinthians 101
Informal Regulation 102
Patent Pools: A Solution to the Problem of Access in Biotechnology Patents? 102
Transnational aspects of IP governance 103
Jurisdictional problems 104
Yahoo! Inc. v. Ligue contre le racisme et l’antisemitisme 104
Pro-C Ltd. v. Computer City 105
Braintech v. Kostiuk 106
Goldsmith, “Regulation of the Internet: Three Persistent Fallacies” 107
Wendy Adams, “IP Infringement in Global Networks: The Implications of Protection Ahead of the Curve” 108
Regulatory institutions 109
Implications of changes 110