Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 156.pdf

Abstract: Steel-making slag, a waste by-product of the Steel Industry, constitutes a major disposal problem. In the present study, excellent adsorbent materials for reducing eutrophication in wastewaters have been prepared from this slag. Heated samples of acid-treated slag and mixtures of slag with kaolinite and Al(OH)₃ were examined to determine their uptake capacities for NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- from aqueous solutions. In general, the equilibrium pH of the solution increased in comparison to initial pH with the uptake of target ions, the sample activated slag-Al(OH)₃ showing the smallest change. The highest PO₄^3- uptake capacity was obtained with the slag-Al(OH)₃ mixture heated at 900C whereas the highest uptake of NH₄⁺ was found in the slag-Al(OH)₃ mixture heated at 800C. The uptake rates for PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ by the slag-Al(OH)₃ mixture heated at 900C were 2.91 and 0.65 mol/(g min), respectively. It was shown that heating slag composites prior to incorporation into wastewater treatment filters resulted in an increased degree of NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- uptake. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid-Treated Slag, Slag-Al(OH)₃, Slag-Kaolinite, NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- Uptake, Alkali-Activated Slag, Blast-Furnace Slag, Uptake Behavior, Waste-Water, Removal, Lead, Adsorption, Sorption, Columns, Sludge

? Huang, H.H., Tseng, D.H. and Juang, L.C. (2008), Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of monochlorobenzene in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 186-193.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 186.pdf

Abstract: This investigation evaluated the photocatalytic degradation of monochlorobenzene (MCB) in an aqueous TiO₂ suspension. In accordance with the experimental results, the degradation of MCB was a function of the initial substrate concentration, incident light intensity, and TiO₂ dosage. However, the solution pH had insignificant effect on the degradation efficiency. The heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of MCB followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. The adsorption coefficient of MCB (K) and the observed degradation rate constant (k) were calculated as 13.4 mM^-1 and 0.0054 mM min^-1, respectively. In addition, a 0.255 dependency of the initial degradation rate on the light intensity revealed the considerable adverse effect of e(-)-h(+) pair recombination. Both mineralization and dechlorination occurred during the photocatalytic degradation of MCB. Under the operating condition of initial MCB concentration of 0.1 mM, light intensity of 5.68 Einstein s^-1, TiO₂ dosage of 1.0 g L^-1, and solution pH of 7, about 93.7% of MCB was mineralized after 240 min of irradiation. Nevertheless, 64.3% of the stoichiometric amount of Cl^- ions was released into the bulk solution. The simulation results derived from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was suggested that the interaction between Cl^- ions and TiO₂ Surface tended to lower the released amount of Cl^- ions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Chlorobenzene, Degradation, Interaction, Mineralization, Monochlorobenzene, Operational Parameters, Oxidation, Photocatalytic Degradation, Solar, TiO₂, TiO₂ Surface, Titanium-Dioxide, Waste-Water

? Wang, X. and Min, B.G. (2008), Comparison of porous poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite composite cryogels and cryogels immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyurethane foams for removal of cadmium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 381-386.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 381.pdf

Abstract: Three novel adsorbents of hydroxyapatite/poly (vinyl alcohol) (HAp/PVA) cryogel, HAp/PVA cryogel immobilized on PVA foam and HAp/PVA cryogel immobilized on polyurethane (PU) foam have been investigated to compare the morphology and sorption performances for removal of cadmium. The adsorption kinetics was interpreted by double-exponential model, pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order models. The equilibrium time was found to be 36, 24, and 12 h for cryogel, cryogel immobilized on PVA foam and PU foam, respectively. The adsorption was found to follow Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum sorption capacity was estimated to be 53.3, 53.1 and 47.7 mg g^-1 for cryogel, cryogel immobilized on PVA foam and PU foam. The effects of HAp/PVA ratio and drying method on cadmium sorption were also studied. The difference of adsorption kinetics model and equilibrium time among the three adsorbents was suggested to be ascribed to different pore size. Oven-dried HAp/PVA cryogel immobilized on PU foam was preferable due to short equilibrium time and good sorption ability. © 2008.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Alcohol, Cadmium, Capacity, Composite, Equilibrium, Foam, Gel, Heavy Metals, Immobilized, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Model, Models, Morphology, Polyurethane, Polyurethane Foams, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, PU, Removal, Size, Sorption, Sorption Capacity

? Ho, Y.S. and Wang, C.C. (2008), Sorption equilibrium of mercury onto ground-up tree fern. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 398-404.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 398.pdf, 2008\J Haz Mat156, 398-1.pdf 2008\J Haz Mat-Ho.pdf

Abstract: The sorption behavior of mercury at different temperatures onto ground-up tree fern was investigated. The experimental results were fitted to two two-parameter isotherms, the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, as well as to two three-parameter isotherms, the Redlich-Peterson and Sips isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. A comparison of best-fitting was performed using the coefficient of determination and Chi-square test. Both the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were found to well represent the measured sorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the saturated monolayer sorption capacity of mercury ions onto ground-up tree fern was 26.5 mg/g at 298 K. It was noted that an increase in temperature resulted in a higher mercury ion loading per unit weight of the tree fern. In addition, various thermodynamic parameters, such as G°, H°, and S°, were calculated and compared with the sorption of mercury by other sorbents.

Keywords: Agriculture Product, Adsorption, Mercury, Tree Fern, Biosorption

? Martín-Lara, M.A., Pagnanelli, F., Mainelli, S., Calero, M. and Toro, L. (2008), Chemical treatment of olive pomace: Effect on acid-basic properties and metal biosorption capacity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 448-457.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 448.pdf

Abstract: In this study, olive pomace, an agricultural waste that is very abundant in Mediterranean area, was modified by two chemical treatments in order to improve its biosorption capacity. Potentiometric titrations and IR analyses were used to characterise untreated olive pomace (OP), olive pomace treated by phosphoric acid (PAOP) and treated by hydrogen peroxide (HPOP). Acid-base properties of all investigated biosorbents were characterised by two main kinds of active sites, whose nature and concentration were determined by a mechanistic model assuming continuous distribution for the proton affinity constants. Titration modelling denoted that all investigated biosorbents (OP, PAOP and HPOP) were characterised by the same kinds of active sites (carboxylic and phenolic), but with different total concentrations with PAOP richer than OP and HPOP. Single metal equilibrium studies in batch reactors were carried out to determine the capacity of these sorbents for copper and cadmium ions at constant pH. Experimental data were analysed and compared using the Langmuir isotherm. The order of maximum uptake capacity of copper and cadmium ions on different biosorbents was PAOP > HPOP > OP. The maximum adsorption capacity of copper and cadmium, was obtained as 0.48 and 0.10 mmol/g, respectively, for PAOP. Metal biosorption tests in presence of Na⁺ in solution were also carried out in order to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment on biomass selectivity. These data showed that PAOP is more selective for cadmium than the other sorbents, while similar selectivity was observed for copper. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biosorption, Heavy Metal, Acid-Base Properties, Olive Pomace, Chemical Treatment, Heavy-Metals, Aqueous-Solutions, Activated Carbons, Waste-Water, Uranium Biosorption, Proton Binding, Solid Residue, Tree Fern, Removal, Ions

? Fontecha-Cámaraa, M.A., López-Ramóna, M.V., Pastrana-Martíneza, L.M. and Moreno-Castilla, C. (2008), Kinetics of diuron and amitrole adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 472-477.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 472.pdf

Abstract: A study was conducted on the adsorption kinetics of diuron and amitrole from aqueous solutions on activated carbons of different particle sizes and on an activated carbon fiber. Different kinetic models were applied to the experimental results obtained. A pseudo-second-order rate equation fitted the adsorption kinetics data better than a pseudo-first-order rate equation. Amitrole showed faster adsorption kinetics compared with diuron because of the smaller size of the former herbicide, despite its lower driving force for adsorption. Both reaction rate constants increased when the particle size decreased. The activated carbon fiber and the activated carbon of smallest particle size (0.03 mm) showed similar adsorption kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion rate constant increased with higher initial concentration of herbicides in solution and with lower particle size of the adsorbent. This is because the rise in initial concentration increased the amount adsorbed at equilibrium, and the reduction in particle size increased the number of collisions between adsorbate and adsorbent particles. Demineralization of the activated carbon with particle size of 0.5 mm had practically no effect on the adsorption kinetics. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Amitrole Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Carbon, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Diuron Adsorption, Driving, Equilibrium, Experimental, Force, Herbicide, Herbicides, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Models, Particle Size, Particles, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Rate Constant, Rate Constants, Reduction, Size, Solution, Solutions

? Yan, L.G., Shan, X.Q., Wen, B. and Owens, G. (2008), Adsorption of cadmium onto Al₁₃-pillared acid-activated montmorillonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 499-508.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 499.pdf

Abstract: The optimal preparation conditions for Al-13-Pillared acid-activated Na⁺-montmorillonite (Al-13-PAAMt) were (1) an acid-activated Na⁺-montmorillonite (Na⁺-Mt) solution of pH 3.0, (2) a OH^-/Al³⁺ molar ratio of 2.4 and (3) Al³⁺/Na⁺-Mt ratio of 1.0 mmol g^-1. The effects of OH^-/Al³⁺ and Al³⁺/Na⁺-Mt ratios on the adsorption of Cd²⁺ onto Al-13-PAAMt were studied. A comparison of the adsorption of Cd²⁺ onto Al-13-PAAMt, Al-13-pillared Na⁺-montmorillonite (Al-13-PMt) and Na⁺-Mt suggested that Al-13-PAAMt had higher adsorption affinity for Cd²⁺ than the other two adsorbents. A pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics well. Cadmium adsorption followed the Langmuir two-site equation, while desorption was hysteretic. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid-Activated Montmorillonite, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Al13, Al13-Pillared Acid-Activated Montmorillonite, Cadmium, Cd²⁺, Comparison, Desorption, Hysteretic Desorption, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Montmorillonite, pH, Preparation, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Solution

? Islam, M. and Patel, R. (2008), Polyacrylamide thorium(IV) phosphate as an important lead selective fibrous ion exchanger: Synthesis, characterization and removal study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 509-520.

Full Text: 2008\Haz Mat156, 509.pdf

Abstract: The objective of the present research was to synthesize, characterize and to investigate the removal efficiency of Lead(II) ion from synthetic lead solution by a hybrid fibrous ion exchanger. In the present study polyacrylamide thorium(IV) phosphate was synthesized by co-precipitation method and was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA-DSC. To know the practical applicability, a detailed removal study of lead ion was carried out. The removal of lead was 52.9% under neutral condition, and using 0.4 g of adsorbent in 100 mL of lead solution having initial concentration of 100 mg/L. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics. Adsorption data were fitted to linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with R2 (correlation coefficient) > 0.99. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated to study the effect of temperature on the removal process. In order to understand the adsorption type, equilibrium data were tested with Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The percentage removal was found to increase gradually with increase in pH and 99% removal was achieved at pH 10. The process was rapid and equilibrium was established within first 30 min.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Process, Characterization, Concentration, Coprecipitation, Correlation, Data, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Fibrous Ion Exchanger, First, First Order, FTIR, Hybrid, Isotherm, IV, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Lagergren Rate Equation, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Lead Ion, pH, Phosphate, Polyacrylamide, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Research, SEM, Solution, Synthesis, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameter, Thermodynamic Parameters, XRD

? Chaari, I., Fakhfakh, E., Chakroun, S., Bouzid, J., Boujelben, N., Feki, M., Rocha, F. and Jamoussi, F. (2008), Lead removal from aqueous solutions by a Tunisian smectitic clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 545-551.

Full Text: 2008\Haz Mat156, 545.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions onto Tunisian smectite-rich clay in aqueous solution was studied in a batch system. Four samples of clay (AYD, AYDh, AYDs, AYDc) were used. The raw AYD clay was sampled in the Coniacian-Early Campanian of Jebel Aidoudi in El Hamma area (South of Tunisia). AYDh and AYDs corresponds to AYD activated by 2.5 mol, l hydrochloric acid and 2.5 mol, l sulphuric acid, respectively. AYDc corresponds to AYD calcined at different temperatures (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600C). The raw AYD clay was characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy and coupled DTA-TGA. Specific surface area of all the clay samples was determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Preliminary adsorption tests showed that sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid activation of raw AYD clay enhanced its adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺ ions. However, the uptake of Pb²⁺ by AYDs was very high compared to that by AYDh. This fact was attributed to the greater solubility of clay minerals in sulphuric acid compared to hydrochloric acid. Thermic activation of AYD clay reduced the Pb²⁺ uptake as soon as calcination temperature reaches 200C. All these preliminary results were well correlated to the variation of the specific surface area of the clay samples. The ability of AYDs sample to remove Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions has been studied at different operating conditions: contact time, adsorbent amount, metal ion concentration and pH. Kinetic experiments showed that the sorption of lead ions on AYDs was very fast and the equilibrium was practically reached after only 20 min. The results revealed also that the adsorption of lead increases with an increase in the solution pH from I to 4.5 and then decreases, slightly between pH 4.5 and 6, and rapidly at pH 6.5 due to the precipitation of some Pb²⁺ ions. The equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q(0)) increased from 25 to 25.44 mg, g with increasing temperature from 25 to 40C. Comparative study between sulphuric acid activated clay (AYDs) and powder activated carbon (PAC) for the adsorption of lead was also conducted. The results showed that sulphuric, acid activated clay is more efficient than PAC. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Ability, Acid Activated Clay, Acid Activation, Acid-Activation, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon, Activated Clay, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, After-Only, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch System, Calcination, Calcined, Capacity, Carbon, Chemical, Chemical Analysis, Clay, Clay Minerals, Concentration, Contact, Copper, Data, El, Equilibrium, Experiments, Heavy-Metals, Infrared, Infrared Spectroscopy, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Kaolinite, Kinetic, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Lead, Lead Removal, Metal, Metal Ion, Minerals, Model, Montmorillonite, Nitrogen, Nitrogen Adsorption, Operating Conditions, PAC, Pb²⁺, pH, Precipitation, Preliminary Results, Removal, Rights, Solubility, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Spectroscopy, Sulphuric Acid, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Tests, Time, Tunisia, Uptake, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Gimbert, F., Morin-Crini, N., Renault, F., Badot, P.M. and Crini, G. (2008), Adsorption isotherm models for dye removal by cationized starch-based material in a single component systera: Error analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (1), 34-46.

Full Text: 2008\Haz Mat157, 34.pdf

Abstract: This article descdbes the adsorption of an ani onic dye, namely C.I. Acid Blue 25 (AB 25), from aqueous solutions onto a cationized starch-based adsorbent. Temperature was varied to investigate its effect on the adsorption capacity. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were measured for the single component system and the experimental data were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Generalized, Redlich-Peterson, and Toth isotherm equations. Five error functions were used to determine the alternative single component parameters by non-linear regression due to the bias in using the correlation coefficient resulting from linearization. The error analysis showed that, compared with other models, the Langmuir model described best the dye adsorption data. Both linear regression method and non-linear error functions provided the best-fit to experimental data with the Langmuir model. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Blue 25, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Alternative, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Bias, Capacity, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Data, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Error, Error Analysis, Experimental, Freundlich, Functions, Generalized Model, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Linear Regression, Model, Models, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Redlich-Peterson, Regression, Removal, Solutions, Starch, Temperature, Tempkin, Toth

? Yi, F.Y., Chen, S.X. and Yuan, C. (2008), Effect of activated carbon fiber anode structure and electrolysis conditions on electrochemical degradation of dye wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (1), 79-87.

Full Text: 2008\Haz Mat157, 79.pdf

Abstract: The alizarin red S (ARS) in simulated dye wastewater was electrochemically oxidized using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) felt as an anode. The influence of electrolytic conditions and anode structure on the dye degradation was investigated. The results indicated that initial pH, current density and supporting electrolyte type all played an important role in the dye degradation. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of dye solution in neutral or alkaline medium was about 74% after 60 min of electrolysis, which was higher than that in acidic medium. Increasing current density would lead to a corresponding increase in the dye removal. The addition ol’NaCI could also improve the treatment effect by enhancing the COD removal efficiency 10.3%. For ACF anodes, larger specific surface area and higher mesopore percentage could ensure more effective electrochemical degradation of dye. The data showed that the color removal efficiency increased from 54.2 to 83.9% with the specific surface area of ACF anodes increasing correspondingly from 894 to 1682 M2/g. (c) 2007 Elsevier BY All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon Fiber, Electrochemical Oxidation, Alizarin Red S, Dye Wastewater, Textile Dye, Methylene-Blue, Diamond Anode, Azo-Dye, Oxidation, Electrodes, Reactor, TiO₂, Red, Incineration

? Özkütük, E.B., Ersöz, A., Denizli, A., and Say, R. (2008), Preconcentration of phosphate ion onto ion-imprinted polymer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (1), 130-136.

Full Text: 2008\Haz Mat157, 130.pdf

Abstract: In this study, selective separation and preconcentration of phosphate ions on the phosphate-imprinted chitosan-succinate beads have investigated. Chitosan-succinate, phosphate, epichlorohydrin were used as the complexing monomer, template and crosslinking agent, respectively. In the first step, chitosan was modified with succinic anhydrides and complex formation occurred between carboxylic acid functional groups and iron(III) ions. Secondly, Fe(III)-chitosan-succinate particles were reacted with phosphate ions. Afterwards, particles were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and the template (phosphate ions) was removed using I M KOH solution. Selective cavity for the phosphate ion was obtained in the phosphateimprinted metal-chelate polymer.These phosphate- i mpri nted metal-chelate polymer was used in the adsorption-desorption process. The adsorption process was fast and equilibrium was reached around 30 min.The adsorption behaviour of this system was described approximately by the Langmuir equation. Percent extraction, distribution ratio and selectivity coefficients of phosphate and other ions using non-imprinted and phosphate-imprinted polymer were also determined and comparison of these data was reported. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Adsorption-Desorption, Beads, Behaviour, Carboxylic, Chitosan, Comparison, Crosslinking, Data, Distribution, Equilibrium, Extraction, First, Functional Groups, IIP, Ions, KOH, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Modified, Particles, Phosphate, Phosphate Determination, Phosphate Ion, Polymer, Preconcentration, Selective Separation, Selectivity, Separation, Solid Phase Extraction, Solution, Template

? Kannan, C., Sundaram, T. and Palvannan, T. (2008), Environmentally stable adsorbent of tetrahedral silica and non-tetrahedral alumina for removal and recovery of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157 (1), 137-145.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat157, 137.pdf

Abstract: The conventional adsorbents like activated carbon, agricultural wastes, molecular sieves, etc., used for dye adsorption are unstable in the environment for long time, and hence the adsorbed dyes again gets liberated and pollute the environment. To avoid this problem, environmentally stable adsorbent of silica and alumina should be employed for malachite green adsorption. The adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-1R) to confirm the tetrahedral frameworkof silica and non-tetrahedral framework of alumina. Theadsorption equilibrium of dye on alumina and silica were 4 and 5 h, respectively, this less adsorption time on alumina might be due to the less activation energy on alumina (63.46 W mol^-1) than silica (69.93 W mol^-1). Adsorption increased with increase of temperature on silica, in alumina, adsorption increased up to 60C and further increase of temperature decreased the adsorption due to the structural change of non-tetrahedral alumina in water. The optimum pH for dye adsorption on alumina was 5 and silica was 6. The dye adsorptions on both adsorbents, followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption well matched with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and found that adsorption capacity on alumina was more than silica. The thermodynamic studies proved that the adsorption was endothermic and chemisorptions (H > 40 mol^-1) on alumina and silica. Recovery of dye on alumina and silica were studied from 30 to 90C and observed that 52% of dye was recovered from alumina and only 3.5% from silica. The less recovery on silica proved the strong adsorption of dye on silica than alumina. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Agricultural, Agricultural Wastes, Alumina, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Carbon, Conventional, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Endothermic, Energy, Environment, Equilibrium, Framework, Freundlich, FT-IR, FTIR, Infrared Spectroscopy, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Malachite Green, Non-Tetrahedral Alumina, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Recovery, Removal, Silica, Solution, Spectroscopy, Temperature, Tetrahedral Silica, Thermal Desorption, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Studies, Water

? Li Puma, G., Bono, A., Krishnaiah, D. and Collin, J.G. (2008), Preparation of titanium dioxide photocatalyst loaded onto activated carbon support using chemical vapor deposition: A review paper. Journal of Hazardous Materials,