Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 315.pdf

Abstract: The paper examines the bibliometric characteristics of industrial research activity of India. The study reveals that public-funded R&D is the major contributor of research papers, in Research & Industry while the contribution of in-house R&D centres is lacking. Among the two industrial sectors (Chemical and Engineering), much of the R&D activity, as reflected by published papers, has been in chemical and allied industries. However, there appears to be a significant change in emphasis during the decade studied, namely a decrease in R&D activity in engineering industries with a corresponding increase in ‘miscellaneous’ industries. There is a significant increase in exploratory research. R&D and industry interface is found inadequate. Multiplicity of authorship is gradually increasing. Indian Industrial research is heavily dependent on foreign and non-patent literature.

Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric, India, Literature, Papers, Research

Tsay, M.Y. (1995), The impact of the concept of postindustrial society and information-society: A citation analysis study. Scientometrics, 33 (3), 329-350.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 329.pdf

Abstract: A detailed quantitative, citation study is made on the concepts of Bell, Machlup, and Drucker related to the economic and social effects of the growth of information-based industries.

Keywords: Citation, Growth, Model, User

? Persson, O. and Beckmann, M. (1995), Locating the network of interacting authors in scientific specialties. Scientometrics, 33 (3), 351-366.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 351.pdf

Abstract: This paper seeks to describe the social circles, networks, or invisible colleges etc that make up a scientific speciality in terms of (mathematically precise) sets generated by documents citation and accessible through the Social Science Citation Index(TM). The document and author sets that encompass a scientific speciality are the basis for some interdependent citation matrices. We illustrate our method of construction of these sets and matrices through an application to the literature on ‘invisible colleges’.

Keywords: Citation, Literature

? Rikken, F., Kiers, H.A.L. and Vos, R. (1995), Mapping the dynamics of adverse drug-reactions in subsequent time periods using indscal. Scientometrics, 33 (3), 367-380.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 367.pdf

Abstract: In this study we have focused on the problem of mapping the dynamics of co-word-matrices from subsequent time periods. Methods for mapping dynamics are important for following trends in research. We have explored the possibilities of a three way multidimensional scaling method, INDSCAL. We are especially interested to find relations between adverse drug reactions and other words in co-word-matrices from a medical field. Second we want to explore whether the relations between adverse drug reactions and other words have changed in subsequent time periods. The results show that INDSCAL can be a useful tool for mapping dynamics.

Keywords: Adverse Drug Reactions, Co-Word Analysis, Count, Drug, Dynamics, Maps, Medical, Network, One Might Wish, Relations, Representations, Research, Scaling, Science Indicators, Texts, Trends

Topic: CCountry

Moed, H.F., de Bruin, R.E. and Van Leeuwen, Th.N. (1995), New bibliometric tools for the assessment of national research performance: Database description, overview of indicators and first applications. Scientometrics, 33 (3), 381-422.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 381.pdf

Abstract: This paper gives an outline of a new bibliometric database based upon all articles published by authors from the Netherlands, and processed during the time period 1980-1993 by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) for the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI). The paper describes various types of information added to the database: data on articles citing the Dutch publications, detailed citation data on ISI journals and subfields, and a classification system of publishing main organizations, appearing in the addresses. Moreover, an overview is given of the types of bibliometric indicators that were constructed. Their relationship to indicators developed by other researchers in the field is discussed. Finally, two applications are given in order to illustrate the potentials of the database and of the bibliometric indicators derived from it. The first represents a synthesis of ‘classical’ macro indicator studies at the one hand, and bibliometric analyses of research groups or institutes at the other. The second application gives for the first time a detailed analysis of a country’s publication output per institutional sector.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Classification, Database, First, Indicator, Indicators, Information, ISI, Journals, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Research, SCI, Scientific Publications, Sector, SSCI, Subfields, Synthesis, The Netherlands

? Campanario, J.M. (1995), Using neural networks to study networks of scientific journals (Vol 33, Pg 23, 1995). Scientometrics, 33 (3), 423.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 423.pdf

Notes: CCountry

Krauskopf, M., Vera, M.I., Krauskopf, V. and Welljams-Dorof, A. (1995), A citationist perspective on science in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1981-1993. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 3-25.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 3.pdf

Abstract: The publication productivity and citation record of the Latin American countries are analyzed and evaluated by using adequate databases.

Keywords: Citation, Latin America, Publication, Record

Notes: CCountry

Quesada-Allué, L.A. and Gitlin, D.S. (1995), Scientific output in Argentina 1966-1983. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 27-35.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 27.pdf

Abstract: A scientometric analysis of Argentinian science output during two decades focuses on authorship, as a measure of Argentina scientific size. Comparison is made with more competitive countries like Spain and Brasil. A relative decline in the rate of authors increase was found for Argentina and the derived loss of positions in the publishing authors international ranking was demonstrated. The possible influence of political turmoil and unstable scientific policies is discussed.

Keywords: Analysis, Argentina, Authorship, Chile, Facts, Impressions, International, Publications, Publishing, Ranking, Science, Scientometric, Size, Spain, Technology

? Narvaezberthelemot, N. (1995), An index to measure the international collaboration of developing-countries based on the participation of national institutions: The case of latin-america. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 37-44.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 37.pdf

Abstract: International collaboration is an important ingredient of present-day scientific research. Latin America, for instance, is increasing its production of internationally coauthored publications and, the number of national institutions involved in this activity. An index developed to measure international collaboration by taking into account individual institutional participation resulted in a positive average increase in the production of developing countries (DCs) research. Nonetheless, the degree of institutional participation varies between field and with respect to the country in question. Giving weight to individual institutional participation, could motivate DCs scientists to enhance their role in the international science of the region. Likewise, this index could be developed as ‘quality indicator’ of national institutional performance.

Keywords: Collaboration, Institutions, International, Latin America, Publications, Quality, Research, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Research

? Russell, J.M. (1995), The increasing role of international-cooperation in science and technology research in Mexico. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 45-61.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 45.pdf

Abstract: Increasing importance is being given to international scientific activities, especially with regard to developing countries. In the present paper, an analysis is made of the studies published by Mexican institutions in coauthorship with foreign colleagues between 1980 and 1990, as registered in mainstream journals. Different characteristics of the collaboration are described, such as research areas, countries and institutions involved, of interest to Mexican policy makers acid scientists, as well as to foreign governments and international organizations sponsoring cooperative agreements with Mexico.

Keywords: Analysis, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Institutions, International, Journals, Latin-America, Mexico, Policy, Research, Scientific Collaboration, Sponsoring

Notes: TTopic, Notes: CCountry

Macias-Chapula, C.A. (1995), Primary health care in Mexico: A ‘non-ISI’ bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 63-71.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 63.pdf

Abstract: This work reports the first results of a research in progress on the production, dissemination and impact of the literature on primary health care (PHC), as produced in Mexico during the period 1980-1992. The methodology used involved computerized searches in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and PERIODICA databases to identify the existing Mexican literature in the field. Results indicated a limited dissemination of the Mexican production through conventional databases. A total of 117 references were found in the field. Most of these references (72.65%) corresponded to journal articles. Over 55% of the documents were published by more than one author. Further research in the field as well as the implications of these results to PHC in Mexico are discussed by the author.

Keywords: Care, First, Health, Health Care, Journal, Journal Articles, Literature, MEDLINE, Methodology, Mexico, Primary, Primary Health, Primary Health Care, Research, Work

Meyer, J. B., Charum, J., Granés, J. and Chatelin, Y. (1995), Is it opened or closed? Colombian science on the move. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 73-86.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 73.pdf

Abstract: Using recent original data from three different sources, the article exhibits some strengths and weaknesses of science in Colombia. It shows that research in this country is in a process of growth although recent results of this positive trend are still to be confirmed. Comparing the evolution of science in Colombia with that of Latin America as a whole, describing and explaining its geographical and institutional concentration as well as its thematic distribution, it also reveals the interdependance between science production dynamics and international cooperation programmes. A basic argument is that the development of science in this country, even though it is fragile and erratic, does not lack sound bases. The indicators used suggest indeed an autonomous scientific motion and inspiration which does not contradict the internationalization process of Colombian science but rectifies the picture of an excessively isolated or dependent community that used to be portrayed.

Keywords: Autonomous, Colombia, Community, Cooperation, Development, Dynamics, Evolution, Growth, Indicators, International, International Cooperation, Internationalization, Latin America, Latin-America, Research, Science

Notes: UUniversity

Krauskopf, M., Vera, M.I. and Albertini, R. (1995), Assessment of a university’s scientific capabilities and profile: The case of the faculty of biological sciences of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 87-100.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 87.pdf

Abstract: The scientific capabilities and performance profiles of the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile were assessed building performance indicators from the ISI’s Chile-National Citation Report, 1981-1992. Consistent with the educational goals of the Faculty, the scientific activity which nurtures graduate training, especially at the doctoral level, was examined field by field and compared to Chilean and World scores. The approach rendered a portrait of the Faculty which depicts, trends, strengths and weaknesses, and standards for the evaluation of future activity. The study shows a very competitive performance in most of the fields, relative to national and world average achievements. A remarkable finding was the outstanding performance in applied fields, such as medical and agricultural sciences, and also in biotechnology, with shows that when good basic science takes place, high level goal oriented research also occurs.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Chile, Evaluation, Graduate, Indicators, Medical, Performance, Research, Science, Sciences, Standards, Training, Trends

Guimarães, J. A. and Humann, Marta C. (1995), Training of human resources in science and technology in Brazil: The importance of a vigorous post-graduate program and its impact on the development of the country. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 101-119.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 101.pdf

Abstract: A national plan, designed to establish and support training and development of human resources for strengthening science and technology activities in Brazil was initiated almost three decades ago. This plan, named PNPG, can be viewed today as a successful program in terms of the quality of its general output. During this period research activity has been institutionalized and a few thousand active groups in several universities and research centers have been consolidated. Numerous technological advances in many areas have been achieved and continue throughout the country. A most impressive result of this effort was the acceleration and improvement of a more productive and internationally competitive agriculture, metallurgical engineering including metal-mechanic industry and paper-cellulose complex exploitation. These results also stimulated better performance of related areas such as agribusiness. The existence of an effective system based on a group of multi-funding agencies was an essential additional factor.

Keywords: Brazil, Development, Human, Quality, Research, Science, Science and Technology, Technology, Training, Universities

Cano, V. (1995), Characteristics of the publishing infrastructure of peripheral countries: A comparison of periodical publications from Latin America with periodicals from the US and the UK. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 121-138.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 121.pdf

Abstract: Bibliometric research can provide science policy makers with indicators of the capacity of a country’s national scientific system to produce printed information. The capacity of the local publishing industry to produce scientific and technical periodical publications reflects the availability of outlets for the dissemination of scientific findings. The present research attempts to evaluate the role of the publishing industry in the level of bibliographic control, and the level of peer review of periodical publications from Latin America. A random search was performed on the 1990 CD-ROM version of The Serials Directory, a commercially produced international reference source on periodical publications. A sample of 311 periodicals from Latin America was downloaded to a local database. A similar search was performed on publications from the United States and the United Kingdom for comparison purposes. A random search of 235 publications was downloaded into a local database. Publishers were classified for both samples according to three types: academic, governmental, and commercial. Publications were sorted thematically and indicators of bibliographic control, and of peer review were recorded for both samples. Publications from Latin America showed a very low level of bibliographic control, particularly in the case of the assignment of ISSN numbers, where 58% of the sample studied was published without this element of bibliographic control. This contrasted sharply with the periodicals from the US and UK, where 83% (195) journals had an ISSN number assigned. The involvement of editorial boards in the academic quality of Latin American publications amounted only to 21% of the sample studied. Periodicals from the US and UK reported an editor as responsible for the journal in 40% (93) of the cases. This amount constitutes about double the number of editors reported by Latin American publications. Latin American academic publishers are the most numerous publishers in the sample studied accounting for 37% (114) of the journals studied however, 68% (77) of those editors printed periodicals without a named editor. Governmental publishers are the second largest publisher type. They produced 29% (89) of the journals in the sample. Commercial publishers are responsible for 26% (82) of the journals studied. Publications from the US and UK show a clear predominance of commercial publishers, accounting for 47% (111) of the journals. Academic publishers only produced 29% (68) of the 235 journals in the sample. This clear dominance of the commercial publisher sector shows that publishing in at least the two countries studied is clearly practised as a business enterprise. This is in sharp comparison to the publishing patterns exhibited in Latin America where the academic sector is the most prominent one.

Keywords: Availability, Business, Capacity, Comparison, Database, Indicators, Information, International, Journal, Journals, Latin America, Law, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Periodical, Periodicals, Policy, Publications, Publishing, Quality, Research, Review, Science, Science Policy, Sector, UK, United Kingdom, United States, US

? Vessuri, H. (1995), Recent strategies for adding value to scientific journals in Latin-America. Scientometrics, 34 (1), 139-161.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 139.pdf

Abstract: A recent initiative in some Latin American countries, to define the basic core of credited titles of domestic scientific journals in the different knowledge fields, is reviewed. The policy aim is to strengthen the best journals and to minimize the noise produced by the great number of journals that do a disservice to the authors who publish in them either because of their low quality Dr because even if they are reasonably good, have a very low impact. It is argued that if the exercise were carried out in a rigorous and systematic way in the countries of the region that publish scientific journals, one might eventually obtain a depurated list of Latin American periodical publications. Such list might be useful as a supplement to the catalogues of mainstream journals registered by ISI and other international databases, and could provide ‘valid’ alternatives of publication of results for Latin American researchers and for authors of other regions active in subjects in which the countries of the region have significant scientific contributions, It might also help to provide a better indication of the total publishing activity of Latin American countries.

Keywords: Alternatives, Developing-Countries, International, ISI, Journals, Knowledge, Latin America, Periodical, Policy, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Quality, Science, Scientific Journals

? Bonitz, M. (1995), Comments on merton, Robert, K., recipient of the 1995 Derek-Desolla-Price-Award. Scientometrics, 34 (2), R3-R6.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, R3.pdf

Keywords: Science

? Lepair, C. (1995), Speech on the occasion of the presentation of the 1995 Derek-Desolla-Price-Award to Prof Dr Vanraan, A.F.J. at the ISSI Conference Held at River Forest, Illinois, on June 10, 1995. Scientometrics, 34 (2), R7-R10.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, R7.pdf

Keywords: Combined Cocitation, Illinois, Representations, Science Maps, Scientific Literatures, Word Analysis

? Kostoff, R.N. (1995), Federal, research impact assessment: Axioms, approaches, applications. Scientometrics, 34 (2), 163-206.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 163.pdf

Abstract: This paper describes the practice of Federal research impact assessment. Evaluation of research impact is described for three cases: Research selection, where the work has not yet been performed, Research review, where work and results are ongoing, and Ex-post research assessment, where research has been completed and results can be tracked. Retrospective methods (such as projects Hindsight an TRACES), qualitative methods (such as peer review), and quantitative methods (such as cost-benefit analysis and bibliometrics) are described. While peer review in its broadest sense is the most widely used method in research selection, review, and ex-post assessment, it has its deficiencies, and there is no single method which provides a complete impact evaluation.

Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Bibliometrics, Cost Benefit, Evaluation, Methods, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Practice, Qualitative, Qualitative Methods, Quantitative Methods, Research, Research Assessment, Review, Work

Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Grupp, H. (1995), The scientometric weight of 50 nations in 27 science areas, 1989-1993. Part II. Life sciences. Scientometrics, 34 (2), 207-237.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 207.pdf

Keywords: Citation Impact, Datafiles, Publication Output, Relative Indicators

? Baldi, S. and Hargens, L.L. (1995), Reassessing the n-rays reference network: The role of self citations and negative citations. Scientometrics, 34 (2), 239-253.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 239.pdf

Abstract: In his article ‘Networks of Scientific Papers’, Price argued that the N-rays reference network exhibits characteristics one would expect for a cumulative and rapidly developing research area. Although subsequent researchers have questioned Price’s characterization of the N-rays network, there have been no replications of Price’s work for either the N-rays literature or for any other literature. We reexamine the N-rays reference network, this time distinguishing negative citations and self citations from other citations. Although previous studies of negative and self citations show they are relatively infrequent in scientific literatures, we find that both are very prominent in the N-rays literature. In addition, we show that self citations comprise most of the ‘recency effect’ observed in the N-rays reference network, and that the high level of self citations in the N-rays literature results primarily from the character of the journal that published the majority of the N-rays papers. Our findings therefore support those who have been skeptical about Price’s claim that the N-rays reference graph exemplifies basic characteristics of the structure of scientific literatures.

Keywords: Characterization, Citations, Journal, Literature, Network, Papers, Price,Derek, Research, Self, Structure, Work

? Cunningham, S.J. and Bocock, D. (1995), Obsolescence of computing literature. Scientometrics, 34 (2), 255-262.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics34, 255.pdf

Abstract: A multisynchronous obsolescence study has been performed on two computing journals that publish on technical aspects of computer system management (networks and operating systems). This area of computer science is found to have a relatively high obsolescence rate (a median citation rate of four years). This rate is similar to that of fields in engineering and the technology-dependent ‘hard’ sciences.

Keywords: Citation, Journals, Management, Obsolescence, Science, Sciences

? Nagpaul, P.S. and Sharma, L. (1995), Science in the eighties: A typology of countries based on interfield priorities. Scientometrics,