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Szepeshely, Woodcarving Workshop at



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Szepeshely, Woodcarving Workshop at (now Szepeskáptalan, Spišská Kapitula, Slovakia) – The woodcarvings of the cathedral date from the 1470s. Several retabuli, which are relics of Gothic plastic works of the same age, remained. The harmony in their style proves that the following art pieces came from the same woodcarving workshop: Adoration of Kings, Altar of Mary’s Crowning and the Altar of Mary’s Death. The most important of these is the Altar of Mary’s Death; the magnificent main altar at the Krakow Cathedral inspired the iconographic structure and the main scene with its composition. This workshop filled the local needs in the beginning of the 16th century and contributed to the building of the cathedral by providing the altars. – B: 1020, 1031, T: 7675.
Szepes, Mária (Magda Scherbák) (Budapest, 14 December 1908 - Budapest, 3 September 2007) – Actress, scenarist, writer and poet. Her pen name was Maria Orsi; as an actress, she was known as Magda Papir. Her father was the actor Sándor (Alexander) Scherbach (1877-1911); her mother was the singer and actress Maria Kronemer (1883-1953), whose artist name was Margit Kornai. Maria Szepes entered the stage at the age of 3, and appeared in a number of silent films, among them The Frozen Child (A megfagyott gyermek), which was stage-managed by her foster-father, Béla Balogh. She also began writing later on, under the influence of her brother. In 1925, aged 17, she passed the examination for ballet dancing and completed a commercial high school. After that she studied art history, literature and psychology at the Walter Seminary. In 1929, aged 21, she began writing her diary notes. In 1930 she married Béla Szepes (1903-1986), who was an artist and a sportsman with an Olympic silver medal. It was at this time that she assumed the name Mária Szepes. Though she grew up in a religious Jewish family, the Christian faith proved decisive for her. From 1931, she spent three years in Berlin with her husband, where she studied Psychology, Literary History and Comparative Philosophy of Religion under Professor Samuel Gerling and, in the meantime, she wrote sketches for the daily paper, Ullstein Berliner Zeitung im Mittag. She returned to Hungary in 1933, and became a correspondent for the paper, Budapester Rundschau. In 1939, inspired by the Rosicrucians, she began writing her best-known novel, The Red Lion (A vörös oroszlán) (1946). Her other works are Mirror-door in the Sea (Tükörajtó a tengerben) (1976): The Cart of Mars (Mars szekere) (1999). She wrote a number of children’s books, and is the author of the Spotted Panni novels (1953-1973), as well as Auntie Boroka’s Treasure (Boróka néni kincsa) (1979), and Lively Picture Book (Eleven képeskönyv) (1983). Her spiritual works include The Magic of Everyday Life (A mindennapi élet mágiája) (1989); The Magic of Fate and Miracle (A sors és csoda mágiája) (1995), and The Anatomy of the Soul (A lélek anatómiája) (2002). A number of her books appeared also in other languages (German, English, Polish, Spanish and Italian). As a writer and drama critic, she appeared in several films. She was a life member of the Hungarian Writers’ Association. She was one of the outstanding representatives of the fairy-tale, science fiction and spiritual literature. Her life-work was recognized by the Gold Meteor Prize in 1972, by the Galaktika Prize in 1987, and the János Arany Prize in 2001. – B: 1031, 1257, T: 7456.
Szepesi, György (George) (Budapest, 5 February 1922 - ) – Journalist and sports-reporter. He was educated at the College of Physical Education, Budapest (1951-1954). From 1945 he was a staff member of the Hungarian Radio. From 1946 he published regularly in journals. From 1975 to 1978 he was a radio correspondent in Bonn, West Germany. From 1981 to 1992 he was Head of the Entertainment and Sports Department of the Hungarian Radio and TV; his sports-reporter career includes reports from 13 Summer Olympic Games and 11 Football World Championships. In 1996 and 1997 he was a Board Member of the Hungarian Radio Public Foundation (MSZP). From 1978 to 1986 he was President of the Hungarian Football Federation, then honorary president. From 1982 to 1994 he was a member of the Executive Board of Fédération Internationale de Football Associaton – FIFA, from 1994 a life member. Since 1995 he has been an honorary citizen of District XIII, Budapest. His major works include Patron on the Football-field (Civil a pályán) co-author (1951); Eye-to-Eye with Four Olympics (Négyszemközt négy olimpiával) with László Lukács (1959); Report from Rome (Római riport) with László Lukács (1961); We Report from Chile… (Chiléből jelentjük...) with Endre Tabák (1962); Goal! Goooal! 2000 Goals! (Gól! Góóóól! 2000 gól!), (1963); Unforgettable 90 Minutes (Felejthetetlen 90 percek) co-author (1964); Our Love, the Microphone (Szerelmünk, a mikrofon) with István Pluhár (1967); Hungarian Football Rhapsody (1968); A History of the Hungarian Olympic Gold-medals (A magyar olimpiai aranyérmek története) with László Lukács (1976); Sportmikrofon (1982); The FIFA Story (1989), and Farewell to the Microphon (Búcsú a mikrofontól), (1998). Szepesi is one of the popular sport-reporters beside István (Stephen) Pluhár and Tamás (Thomas) Vitray. He is a recipient of the Ferenc Rózsa Prize (1963), the SZOT Prize (Szakszervezetek Országos Tanácsa) (1969), the Egon Erwin Kisch Prize (1995), the György Orth Prize (1996), and the Aranytoll Award (1999). – T: 0874, T: 7103.→Pluhár, István; Vitray, Tamás.
Szepesszombat Chronicle (Szepesszombat, now Spišská Sobota, Slovakia) – A 15th century Chronicle written in German that includes Hungary’s history from King István I (St. Stephen, 997-1038) to 1457. Its beginning originates from the Chronicles of Márk Kálti, while the rest is from contemporary sources. It was discovered by Kálmán (Coloman) Demkó together with the story of Zipser Willkühr at the Captain’s office of Szepesszombat. In 1891 it was reviewed by the Historical Society of County Szepes their 7th Yearbook; it also appeared in separate print. – B: 0942, 1078, T: 3240.→Codex Literature; Kálti, Márk.
Szépfalusi, István (Stephen) (Budapest, 21 February 1932 - Vienna, 30 November 2000) – Lutheran pastor and writer. He completed his high school studies in Budapest (1950-1955), and his Lutheran Theological studies in Sopron and Budapest. He was ordained in Budapest in 1955. In 1956 he moved to Vienna to become Pastor of the Hungarian Evangelical Congregation. From 1962 to 1969, he studied History at the University of Graz, Austria, and qualified as an interpreter in Hungarian. From 1977 he was a language master of the Hungarian section of the Institute of Interpreters and Translators of the University of Vienna, and also Secretary of the Peter Bornemisza Society of Vienna. From 1969 to 1984 he was a founding member, secretary, editor and literary reviewer of the European Protestant Free University of Bern, Switzerland. Between 1957 and 1983, he arranged 57 books for printing, and assisted in the publication of 37 others. From 1995 he was a member of the Committee of the Hungarian Writers’ Confederation. His main works are New Transylvanian Hungarian Lyric Anthology (Új erdélyi magyar lírai antológia) edited in German (1974); Literature in the Service of the Future (Irodalom a jövő szolgálatában) (1976); Preaching in the Service of the Future (Igehirdetés a jövő szolgálatában) (1976); See and Hear Each Other! Today’s Hungarians in Austria (Lássátok, halljátok egymást! Mai magyarok Ausztriában) sociography (1980, Budapest 1992); Second University Examination: 1955, 1983 (Pótszigorlat: 1955, 1983) (1984); Lajos Ordass, vols. i-iv – selected and biographical writings) (Ordass Lajos I-IV, válogatott és önéletrajzi írások), edited (1982, 1998); Encounters with Europe (Találkozások Európával) edited (1995); Stones of Murter. Confrontations, Viewpoints, Opportunities (Murteri kövek. Szembesülések, Szempontok, Alkalmak) (1995), How I Started out in Vienna, vols. i, ii (Ahogy Bécsben megindultam, I,II) (1996); The Hungarian Language in Austria (A magyar nyelv Ausztriában) (1999), and Encounters in Vienna. Guest-book of the Péter Bornemisza Society (Találkozások Bécsben. A Bornemisza Péter Társaság vendégkönyve) (2000). He was awarded a number of decorations, prizes and medals by various organizations. – B: 0874, 0878, 0877, 1050, T: 7456.→Szépfalusi, Márta; Ordass, Lajos.
Szépfalusi, Márta (née Wanner) (Budapest, 17 May 1935 - Vienna, 24 January 2004) – Translator of literary works. First, she attended the Baár-Madas Reformed High School for Girls, Budapest; then matriculated in 1955 at Basel, Switzerland. She studied university-level English, French, Spanish and Hungarian languages, and received the Hungarian-German interpreter diploma in 1968. She translated works of Hungarian writers, including Gyula (Julius) Illyés, Sándor (Alexander) Csoóri, Anna Jókai, Attila József, András (Andew) Sütő, and Isván (Stephen) Vass. – B: 0874, 0878,0877, T: 7103.→Szépfalusi, István; Illyés, Gyula; Csóri, Sándor; Jókai, Anna; Vass, István.
Szepsi Csombor, Márton (Martin) (Szepsi, now Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia, 1595 - Varannó, now Vranov nad Topľou, Slovakia. ca. 1623) – Reformed preacher, writer of travelogues. He received his early schooling at Késmárk (now Kežmarok, Slovakia). In 1611, he moved to Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) for two years, and studied first in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania), later in Gönc. In 1613 he was Rector of the school in Telkibánya. From 1616 to 1619, he traveled extensively throughout Europe and attended lectures at the universities of Danzig, Strasbourg and London. In 1619 he returned to Northern Hungary (Upland, Felvidék, now Slovakia) to become a school principal in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia), later domestic Chaplain of the Nyári family in Varannó. In 1620, while in Kassa, he published his first travelogue, Europica varietas, in the Hungarian language (only the title was in Latin), and Udvari Schola (Court School) in Bártfa (now Bardejov, Slovakia) (1623). He viewed the world from the perspective of a poor student and described everything with simple, good humor. He traveled almost always on foot, observing with great interest the urbanization of the Western commercial and industrial world, which his writings supported. He became one of the most enthusiastic and important personalities of Protestant middle class literature in the early 17th century. He was the creator of the art of travelogue in the Hungarian language. – B: 1150, 0883, 1136, T: 7682.
*Szerb, Antal (Anthony) (Budapest, 1 May 1901 - Balf, 27 January 1945) – Writer and literary historian. He was born into a Jewish family that had converted to the Roman Catholic faith. In his Arts course at the University of Budapest, he majored in Hungarian, German and English, and in 1924 he obtained a Ph.D. Between 1924 and 1929 he lived in France and Italy, and also spent a year in London. As a student he already published essays and established his reputation as a scholar of literary history. He was elected President of the Hungarian Literary Academy in 1933. In 1934, he published his first novel, The Pendragon Legend, based on his experience of living in Great Britain. His second and best-known work is also a novel, entitled Traveler and Moonlight (Utas és holdvilág) (1937). In the same year he became Professor of Literature at the University of Szeged. Among his works are History of World Literature (A világirodalom története) (1941), considered a standard work ever since; earlier on he published his History of Hungarian Literature (Magyar irodalomtörténet) (1934), for which he was awarded the Transylvanian Helicon Grand Prix, (1934), and A Short History of English Literature (Az angol irodalom kistükre) (1929) He had chances to escape from anti-Semitic persecution as late as 1944, but he stayed in Hungary, where his last novel, entitled VII, Oliver was published in 1943; it appeared as a translation from the English: Oliver the VIIth, published under the pseudonym A.H. Redcliff, because Jewish works could not be published in Hungary at the time. His late work, Hundred Poems (Száz vers), containing Greek, Latin English, French, German and Italian poems in the original languages and in Hungarian translation, was published during the critical late phase of World War II (1943/1944). In the autumn of 1944, he was deported to a concentration camp near the Austrian border, where he was beaten to death. Antal Szerb actively followed the so-called comparative studies in the history of ideas (Szellemtörténet) in essays like Courtier (Udvari ember); Hungarian pre-Romantics (Magyar preromantika); Vörösmarty Studies (Vörösmarty-tanulmányok), etc. He is recognized as one of the major Hungarian literary figures of the 20th century. Many of his works appeared in translation in ten European languages. He was twice awarded the Baumgarten Prize (1935, 1937). – B: 1031, 1068, 1105, 1257, T: 7103, 7456.
Szerdahely, Pauline Monastery – In 1335, the Ders family founded a Monastery for the a Pauline monks at Szerdahely, in County Somogy, in honor of King László I (St Ladislas) (1077-1095). King Lajos I (Louis the Great) ( 1340-1380) confirmed its foundation deed, so did King Ulászó II (Wladislas) (1490-1516). The Monastery was supported by the Ders family until 1470. In 1543 it was depopulated because of the Turkish occupation. - B: 0945, T: 7103.→Pauline Order.
Szerdahelyi, Ferenc S.J. (Francis) (Sáros, now Šariš, Slovakia, 24 February 1717 - after 1773) – Missionary. In 1734 he entered the Jesuit Order at Lőcse (now Levoča, Slovakia). After ordination into the priesthood, he taught for a few years. In 1747, he was posted to a mission in South America. He arrived in Buenos Aires in 1748. At first he worked in Yapeju on the San Juan Batista Mission, where he introduced the production of cotton and tobacco. He developed a kind of tea, called Jesuit tea, which became popular. He was expelled as the leader of the Apostoles Mission. The town of Apostoles evolved from this Mission, where a number of ethnic Hungarian farmers settled after World War I. – B: 0945, T: 7103.
Szerdahelyi, Kálmán (Coloman) (Miskolc, 16 February 1829 - Nagybánya, now Baia Mare, Romania, 14 November 1872.) – Actor and literary translator. He first appeared on stage at the age of fifteen in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) with his father’s theatrical company. He also appeared on stage in Arad (now in Romania) and other smaller cities. In the summer of 1848, he married Kornélia Prielle. He fought as a Hussar officer in the War of Independence (1848-1849). After the war he became a comedian in Arad and Kolozsvár. After Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureş, Romania), Brassó (now Braşov, Romania) and Kolozsvár, he received a contract with the National Theater in Budapest in 1854, where he remained to the end of his career. He was divorced from Kornélia Prielle in 1850 and, in 1857 he married Jozefine Benke, the sister of Róza Laborfalvi and sister-in-law of Jókai. From that moment on, Jókai wrote several plays for him, and used him as a character in several novels under a pseudonym. Szerdahelyi edited the Theater Observer (Színházi Látcső) in Pest, in collaboration with Mihály (Michael) Havi. He translated play scripts of Offenbach, Sardou, Murger, Meyerbeer-Seribe etc.. He acted in classical plays, starting in the late 1850s. He also performed in the operettas of Offenbach. He was the implementer of natural speech on stage. His main roles include Mercutio in Shakespeare‘s Romeo and Juliet (Rómeó és Júlia); the Fool in Shakespeare’s King Lear (Lear király); Polilla in A. Moreto’s Donna Diana; Kalb in Schiller’s Love and Intrigue (Ármány és szerelem), and the fiddler in Jókai’s Dózsa György. His works include The Comedians Tricked Me (Rászedtek a komédiások) play (1856); His Artistic Letters from London (Művészi levelei Londonból) (1862); At the Parisian Theaters (A párizsi színházaknál) (1862), and About the German Theaters (A német színházakról) (1881). – B: 0883, 1445, 1031, T: 7697.→Prielle, Kornélia; Laborfalvi, Róza; Jókai, Mór.
Szerelmey, Miklós (Nicholas) (Lieb) (Győr, 3 July 1802 - Budapest, 5 August 1875) – Inventor, lithographer, engineer and the initiator of Hungarian caricature. He graduated from the Engineering Academy in Vienna, and he served as an officer of the engineering corps in Italy. After his discharge he traveled the world: Germany, France, Scandinavia, America and Egypt; after that he founded a lithographic shop in Vienna, in the mid 1830s. Finally, in 1844 he settled in Pest with his lithographic shop. His work entitled The Hungarian Past and Present (A Magyar hajdan és jelen) (1847) is a true textbook example of colored lithographic work. He published the first Hungarian political satirical newspaper, the Charivari with Gusztáv Lauka as Chief Editor, with his own illustrations (1848). He was among the first to recognize the importance of Lake Balaton, publishing a book in 1848 about the Lake, which was illustrated with his own landscapes. He participated in the Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-1849, as a colonel, in Komárom. Following these events, he settled down in London in 1850, where he advocated for the Hungarian cause with a lithographic illustrated album entitled Hungary 1848-1849. At the World Fair of 1862, he presented a whole series of his inventions, which are the Silicate zopissa, a stone-preserving substance, which was manufactured for a hundred years, and is still in use today. His graphical works are kept at the Hungarian National Gallery. He also worked as a writer and illustrator. His other work is the Balaton Album (Pest, 1848). A Street in Budapest is named after him. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7697.
Szerémi, György (George) (Kamánc, now Kamenitz, Croatia, ca. 1490 - after 1548) – Writer. He came from a family of serfs. His father was in the service of János (John) Corvin. He was educated at the town of Gyula, on the estate of the Corvins, where he became choirmaster (1088-1513). After his ordination he became court chaplain. After 1514 he was chaplain of the Bishop of Várad (later Nagyvárad, now Oradea in Romania); in 1520, he was at the Royal Court in Buda. In 1921, he was chaplain of András (Andrew) Báthory; in 1522 that of Jakab (Jacob) Bánffy, and he lived in the Southland (Délvidék, now Serbia). Between 1523 and 1526, he was Canon of Arad (now in Romania), and court chaplain. After the lost Battle of Mohács against the Turks (1526), he joined János (John) Szapolyai and accompanied him to Poland. In 1541 he was in the Castle Buda when the Turks occupied it. Then, with the entourage of Queen Isabella, he went to Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). Perhaps it was there that he wrote his memoirs, encouraged by Bishop Antal (Anthony) Verancsics, entitled Epistola de perditione regni Hungarorum (Writings on the Destruction of the Kingdom of the Hungarians – Iromány a magyarok királyságának pusztulásáról), published by G. Wenczel in Pest (1858); Lastly, he was registered among the students of the University of Vienna (1543). His works include the On the Decay of Hungary (Magyarország romlásáról), in which he talks about the important events of the age (1456-1543) in Hungarianized Latin, with many unchecked tell-tales, translated by L. Erdélyi, revised by L. Juhász, with introduction and notes by Gy. Székely, (Budapest, 1961). – B: 0883, T: 7103.→Mátyás I, King; Báthory, Prince András; Mohács, Battles of; Arad; Buda Castle; János I, King; Isabella Queen; Verancsics, Antal.
Szervánszky, Endre (Andrew) (Kistétény, 27 December, 1911 - Budapest, 25 June, 1977) – Composer. Between 1922 and 1927 he studied clarinet at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music. From 1928 until 1930 he was in Italy and Turkey on study tours. In 1931 he re-entered the Academy of Music to study composition with Albert Siklós and obtained a diploma in 1936. From the mid-1930s, he participated in the illegal Communist movement. Until 1940, he taught music theory in various schools. His first two significant compositions are from this time: String Quartet I of 1938, and Divertimento for Orchestra of 1939. From 1941 until 1948, he taught composition and theoretical subjects at the National Music School (Nemzeti Zenede). From 1949 until his death, he taught at the Academy of Music. From 1945 until 1949, he was a music critic for the newspaper, Free Nation (Szabad Nép). From 1949 until 1956 he was a directorial member of the Hungarian Music Artist’s Association. His first creative period is characterized by compositions based on clean, diatonic folk music influences. The Soldier’s Cantata (Honvédkantáta) of 1949, and the Rhapsody for Orchestra (Zenekari Rapszódia) of 1951 are two outstanding examples of this period, for which he was awarded the first Kossuth Prize. The second creative period, reflecting Bartók’s style, marks the appearance of twelve-note compositional system. The second Kossuth Prize was awarded for the three large Petőfi Choral compositions, and the Clarinet Serenade of 1950. The third creative period was also dominated by twelve-note compositions. He launched his New Style with the Attila József Concerto of 1957, the String Quartet II of 1957, and, importantly, with the Six Orchestral Pieces of 1959. The most noteworthy works from this period include Variations for Orchestra of 1965, the Clarinet Concerto, and the seven Flute Etudes, as well as the oratorio Dark Heaven (Sötét mennyország). Szervánszky's music is strongly influenced by folk music, much like that of his predecessors Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály. Later in his life he began exploring surrealism. He was a recipient of the Kossuth Prize (1951, 1968), the Merited Artist title (1963), and the Outstanding Artist title (1977). – B: 0883, 1031, 1426, T: 7667.→Sándor, Frigyes; Lehotka, Gábor; Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán.

Szervátius, Jenő (Eugene) (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 4 July 1903 - Budapest, 15 September 1983) – Sculptor. He apprenticed as a wheelwright, and carved his first sculpture in 1924, Judith and Holofernes. After a study tour to Paris in 1925, he continued his education at Kolozsvár’s Creative Arts School between 1927 and 1929. He exhibited in Bucharest, Romania in 1929 and took part in the exhibition of the Hungarian, Romanian and Saxon artists of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) in 1930. The first exhibition of his own was in Kolozsvár in 1933; the second one in Budapest in 1937. He taught at Csíksomlyó (now Şumuleu Ciuc, Romania), and at Kolozsvár between 1940 and 1965, before his next independent exhibitions at home and abroad. In 1977 he settled in Hungary and created wood, stone and marble sculptures. Typical of his art is a method of constructivism, a view of folkloristic expression, extremes from soft spoken dramatic lyricism to harsh drama His most famous work, created together with his son, and entitled Áron Tamási, was constructed in 1972-1973, from a single nine-ton piece of trachite stone. His artwork is preserved in museums and in private collections in fifteen countries. – B: 1144, 0883, T: 7675.→Tamási, Áron.

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