Semester–i design and analysis of algorithms (mece 101)

Discrete Random Processes, Expectations, Variance, Co- variance, Scalar Product, Energy of Discrete Signals- Parseval’s theorem, Wiener Khintchine Relation- Power Spectral Density, Periodogram - Sample Autocorrelation, Sum Decomposition Theorem, Spectral Decomposition Theorem, Spectral Factorization Theorem, Discrete Random Signal Processing by linear systems – Simulation of White Noise - Low pass filtering of White Noise.

Non- parametric Methods- Correlation Method, Co- variance estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators- Unbiased, Consistent Estimators – Periodogram Estimator- Barlett Spectrum Estimation- Welch Estimation- Model based Approach- AR, MA, ARMA Signal Modelling- Parameter Estimation using Yule Walker Method.

Maximum likelihood crieterion – efficiency of estimator – least mean squared error criterion- Wiener Filter – Discrete Winer Hoff equations, Recursive Estimators- Kalman Filter, Linear Prediction, Prediction error whitening filter, inverse filter – Levinson recursion, Lattice realization and Levinson recursion algorithm for solving Toeplitz system of equations.

FIR adaptive filters- Newton’s steepest descent method – adaptive filter based on steepest descent method Windrow Hoff LMS adaptive algorithm – Adaptive channel equalization – Adaptive echo cancellation –Adaptive noise cancellation – RLS adaptive filters –Exponentially weighted RLS – sliding window RLS- Simplified IIR LMS adaptive filter.

Mathematical Description of change of sampling rate –Interpolation and Decimation, continuous time model, Direct digital domain approach, Decimation by an integer factor, Interpolation by an integer factor, Single and multistage realization- polyphase realization

Suggested Books:

1. 
   Monson H. Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.
   
2. 
   Sopocles J. Orfanidis, “Optimum Signal Processing”, McGraw Hill, 1990.
   
3. 
   John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 1995.
   
4. 
   B.Venkataramani & M. Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processor Architecture, Programming and Application, TMH 2002. (UNIT - V)
   

Light propagation in optical fibers – Loss & bandwidth, System limitations, Non-Linear effects; Solutions; Optical Network Components – Couplers, Isolators & Circulators, Multiplexers & Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switches, Wavelength Converters.

Introduction to Optical Networks; SONET / SDH, Metropoliton-Area Networks, Layered Architecture ; Broadcast and Select Networks – Topologies for Broadcast Networks, Media-Access Control Protocols, Testbeds for Broadcast & Select WDM; Wavelength Routing Architecture.

The optical layer, Node Designs, Optical layer cost tradeoff, Routing and wavelength assignment,Virtual topology design, Wavelength Routing Testbeds, Architectural variations.

Photonic Packet Switching – OTDM, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing, Synchronisation, Broadcast OTDM networks, Switch-based networks; Access Networks – Network Architecture overview, Future Access Networks, Optical Access Network Architectures; and OTDM networks.

Transmission System Engineering – System model, Power penalty - transmitter, receiver, Optical amplifiers, crosstalk, dispersion; Wavelength stabilization ; Overall design considerations; Control and Management – Network management functions, Configuration management, Performance management, Fault management, Optical safety, Service interface.

2. Siva Ram Moorthy and Mohan Gurusamy, “WDM Optical Networks : Concept, Design and Algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India, Ist Edition, 2002.

3. P.E. Green, Jr., “Fiber Optic Networks”, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993.

ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 107)

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Introduction And Examples Of Embedded Systems, Concept Of Embedded System

Design: Design challenge, Processor technology, IC technology, Design technology, Trade-offs

Custom single purpose processor hardware, general-purpose processor:

Introduction, basic architecture, operation, super-scalar and VLSIIW architecture, application specific instruction set processors (ASIPS), microcontrollers, digital signal processors, selecting a microprocessor.

protocols PCI bus, Wireless protocol IrDA, blue tooth.

Timers, Types of embedded operating systems, Programming languages: assembly languages, high level languages

David E Simon, " An embedded software primer ", Pearson education Asia, 2001.

Dreamteach Software team,” Programming for Embedded Systems” AVR 8515 manual

J.W. Valvano, "Embedded Microcomputor System: Real Time Interfacing"

Jack Ganssle, "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Newnes, 1999
ADVANCED DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 109)

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SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN

Analysis of clocked synchronous sequential circuits and modeling- State diagram, state table, state table assignment and reduction-Design of synchronous sequential circuits design of iterative circuits-ASM chart and realization using ASM

Analysis of asynchronous sequential circuit – flow table reduction-races-state assignment-transition table and problems in transition table- design of asynchronous sequential circuit-Static, dynamic and essential hazards – data synchronizers – mixed operating mode asynchronous circuits – designing vending machine controller

Fault table method-path sensitization method – Boolean difference method-D algorithm –Tolerance techniques – The compact algorithm – Fault in PLA – Test generation-DFT schemes – Built in self-test.

Programming logic device families – Designing a synchronous sequential circuit using PLA/PAL – Realization of finite state machine using PLD – FPGA – Xilinx FPGA-Xilinx 4000

VHDL operators – Arrays – concurrent and sequential statements – packages- Data flow – Behavioral – structural modeling – compilation and simulation of VHDL code –Test bench - Realization of combinational and sequential circuits using HDL – Registers – counters – sequential machine – serial adder – Multiplier- Divider – Design of simple microprocessor.

7. William I. Fletcher, “An Engineering approach to Digital Design”, Prentice Hall - 1980

8.

SEMESTER–II
ADVANCED MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 102)

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Unit I: Microprocessor Architecture

Introduction to 16-bit microprocessors, 8086/8088 CPU architecture, memory segmentation,

physical address generation, addressing modes, Instruction set: data transfer, arithmetic, logical, string

manipulation, control transfer, unconditional branch, conditional branch, flag, processor control, 8087

coprocessor, data formats

Unit II: Assembly Language Programming

Assembler organization, assembler directives and operators, Assembly language programs,

MASM and DEBUG utility, stack structure, PUSH and POP instructions, subroutine, procedure and

macros, timing and delays

Programmable peripheral interface 8255, internal architecture, control word register, operating

modes; Timer/counter 8253/8254: functional block diagram, control word register, modes of operation,

timing diagrams; keyboard interface/display controller 8279: internal architecture, 8279 commands,

operating modes; programmable interrupt controller 8259A: architectural block diagram, command words

Unit IV: Architectures of 80x86 processors

Protected mode memory addressing, protected virtual addressing mode (PVAM), architecture,

special features and overview of 80286, 80386 and 80486, Pentium Pro processors, superscalar

architecture, MMX (Multimedia Extension) and SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) technology

2. Microprocessor based Systems: N. G. Palan, Tech-Max Publication, Pune

3. Assembly Language Programming: Peter Abel, PHI, New Delhi

4. 8086/8088 Family: Design, Programming and Interfacing: John Uffenbeck, Pearson Education

5. Intel Microprocessors 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium Pro Programming and Interfacing:

Barry and Brey, PHI, New Delhi

6. Modern Digital Electronics: R. P. Jain, TMH, New Delhi

7. The 80x86 Family : Design, Programming and Interfacing: John Uffenbeck, Pearson Education

2. Jacob Backer, Harry W. Li and David E. Boyce, " CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation ", Prentice Hall of India, 1998.

3. L.Glaser and D. Dobberpuhl, "The Design and Analysis of VLSI, Circuits”, Addison Wesley 1993.

4. C.Mead and L. Conway, "Introduction to VLSI Systems", Addison Wesley, 1979.

5. Randel & Geiger, “ VLSI Analog and Digital Circuit Design Techniques” McGraw- Hill,1990.

6. Sahib H.Gerez, “Algorithms for VLSI design automation ”,1998.

7. William M. Penny, Lillian Lau, “ MOS Integrated Circuits- Theory, Fabrication, Design and System Applications of MOS LSI”, Van Nostrand Reihold Company.

8. Sung Ms Kang, Yusuf Lablebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis & Design”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

Cellular systems- Frequency Management and Channel Assignment- types of handoff and their characteristics, dropped call rates & their evaluation -MAC – SDMA – FDMA – TDMA – CDMA – Cellular Wireless Networks

Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop-Bluetooth Technology.

GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover- Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and service data mgt –Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks – GPRS –Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing

Mobile IP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol-Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols– Multicast routing-TCP over Wireless Networks – Indirect TCP – Snooping TCP – Mobile TCP – Fast Retransmit / Fast Recovery – Transmission/Timeout Freezing-Selective Retransmission – Transaction Oriented TCP- TCP over 2.5 / 3G wireless Networks

WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML.

1. Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.

2. William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, Pearson Education, 2002.

3. Kaveh Pahlavan, Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, “Principles of Wireless Networks”, First Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.

4. Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons and Thomas Stober, “Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, 2003.

5. C.K.Toh, “AdHoc Mobile Wireless Networks”, First Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

Introduction to microwave transmission lines and matching techniques

Microstrip transmission lines

Single and double stub tuning circuits

Quarter-wave impedance matching circuits

Quadrature and 180 degree hybrid analysis and design

Even- and odd-mode analysis of hybrids

Reciprocal and lossless networks

Cascaded network using ABCD parameters

Frequency responses

Low-pass and high-pass filter analysis and design

Filter design by insertion loss method

Stepped impedance filter

Filter transformation

Filter implementation using microstrip lines

Noise analysis

Noise in devices and systems

Noise figure and noise temperature

Non-linear responses of microwave circuits

Design and fabrication of a microwave amplifier

Gain and stability analysis

Input and output matching circuits

Dynamic range, noise and non-linearity

Microwave systems

Radar

Radiometers

1. 
   Almudena Suárez, "Analysis and Design of Autonomous Microwave Circuits", 2009.
   
2. 
   Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits, 2nd Edition, by Stephen A. Maas.
   
3. 
   Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, 2nd edition, by Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia
   

2) Cooper- Business Research (Tata McGraw-Hill)

3) Saunders- Research Methods for Business Students (Pearson Education, 3rd edition)

4) Beri- Marketing Research (Tata McGraw-Hill), 1993, 2nd ed.

5) David J. Luck and Ronald S. Ruben- Marketing Research (Prentice Hall of India), 1987, 7th ed.

]

SEMESTER - III

ELECTIVE

(MECE 201 & 203)

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REMOTE SENSING

Basic Principles of Optical Remote Sensing: Energy sources and radiation principles, Atmospheric

absorption, interaction of energy with various features of the earth's surface.

Digital processing of satellite images: Geometric rectification, spatial and radiometric enhancement,

edge detection, band ratio, false color composites, Principal component analysis, Spectral domain

enhancement, Supervised and unsupervised classification for thematic map generation.

Geographic Information System: Basic concepts, Raster and Vector mode operation.

Microwave Remote Sensing: Basic principles, spatial resolution of SAR system, geometric

characteristics, signature of earth features.

Visual Remote Sensing: Aerial photography, Parallax, Vertical exaggeration, Visual interpretation of

Earth features from aerial photographs and satellite imageries, Application in thematic interpretation,

Stereo photo interpretation, Photogrammetric computation

2. John A. Richards and Xiuping Jia, “Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction”

3. Thomas Martin Lillesand, “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation”

4. James B. Campbell, “Introduction to Remote Sensing”, Third Edition

5. Roger M. McCoy, “Field Methods in Remote Sensing”
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Transmission Lines: Basic principles, Structures and Properties of Transmission Lines.
Scattering Parameters and Circuit Analysis, Uncertainty and Confidence in measurements, Using
Coaxial Connectors in Measurement
Attenuation Measurement: Basic principles, Measurement systems, important considerations when making attenuation measurements
RF Voltage Measurement: RF voltage measuring instruments, impedance matching and mismatch errors.

Noise Measurements: Types of noise, types of noise source, measuring noise, measurement accuracy, mismatch effects, automated noise measurements.
Network Analyzers: Spectrum Analyzer Measurements and Applications. Elements of network analyser, MMIC measurement techniques, calibration and verification of automatic network analysers, spectrum analyser basic principle, applications of spectrum

analyzer

Backgrounder, microprocessor and Microcontroller based systems, Embedded systems. Differences between Embedded systems and SOCs. System design Concept of system, importance of system architectures, introduction to SIMD, SSID, MIMD and MISD architectures, concept of pipelining and parallelism. Designing microprocessor /Microcontroller based system and embedded system. System design issues in SOCs. System buses Introduction to busses used in SOCs. Introduction to AMBA bus. Detailed study of IBM's core connect bus, concept of PLB-processor local bus and OPB-on chip peripheral bus. Processors used in SOCs Introduction to CISC ,RISC, Von Neuman and Harward Architecture. Concept of Soft processors and study of Microblaze RISC processor. Study of IBM's power PC SOC implementation Backgrounder – programmable logic and FPGA Architecture . Concept of embedded processors and study of virtex II PRO Architecture. Study of features like embedded RAMs ,multipliers ,Digital clock management etc. Introduction to tools used for SOC design, Xilinx embedded development kit

2) Readings in hardware/software co-design Giovanni De Micheli,Rolf Ernst, and Wayne Wolf – published by Morgan Kaufman.

3) Computers as components:principles of embedded computing system design published by Morgan Kaufman publishers

4) Multiprocessors systems-on-chips by Ahmed jerrya wayne wolf,eds- Morgan Kaufman publishers

5) Core connect architecture at http://www.chips.IBM.com/products/coreconnect

6) EDK power PC tutorial at http://www.xilinx.com/EDK

7) Virtexll pro handbook from Xilinx

8) Power PC info http://www.chips .IBM.com/products power PC/cores/405sde_pb.html.

9) White papers form xilinx.com and http://www.chips .ibm.com

10) Arm processor details at WWW.arm.com

11) Amba bus architecture at at http://www.arm.com/products/solutions/Ambahomepage.html http://www.princeton.edu/~wolf
DESIGN OF ANALOG/ MIXED MODE VLSI CIRCUITS
Basic CMOS Circuit Techniques, Continuous Time And Low voltage Signal Processing: Mixed-Signal VLSI Chips-Basic CMOS Circuits-Basic Gain Stage-Gain Boosting Techniques-Super MOS Transistor- Primitive Analog Cells-Linear Voltage- Current Converters-MOS Multipliers and Resistors-CMOS, Bipolar and Low-Voltage BiCMOS Op-Amp Design-Instrumentation Amplifier Design-Low Voltage Filters.
Basic BiCMOS Circuit Techniques, Current -Mode Signal Processing: Continuous- Time Signal Processing-Sampled-Data Signal Processing-Switched-Current Data Converters.
Sampled-Data Analog Filters, Over Sampled A/D Converters And Analog Integrated

Sensors: First-order and Second SC Circuits-Bilinear Transformation – Cascade Design-Switched-Capacitor Ladder Filter-Synthesis of Switched-Current Filter- Nyquist rate A/D Converters-Modulators for Over sampled A/D Conversion-First and Second Order and Multibit Sigma-Delta Modulators-Interpolative Modulators – Cascaded Architecture-Decimation Filters-mechanical, Thermal, Humidity and Magnetic Sensors-Sensor Interfaces.
Analog VLSI Interconnects: Physics of Interconnects in VLSI-Scaling of Interconnects-A Model for Estimating Wiring Density-A Configurable Architecture for Prototyping analog Circuits.
Statistical Modeling And Simulation, Analog Computer-Aided Design And Analog And Mixed Analog-Digital Layout: Review of Statistical Concepts - Statistical Device Modeling- Statistical Circuit Simulation-Automation Analog Circuit Design-automatic Analog Layout-CMOS Transistor Layout-Resistor Layout-Capacitor Layout-Analog Cell Layout-Mixed Analog -Digital Layout.

Suggested Books
Paul R. Gray and Robert G.Meyer, “ Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons.

Mohammed Ismail, Terri Fiez, " Analog VLSI signal and Information Processing ", 1994, McGraw-Hill International Editons.

Behzad Razavi, “ Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

Y. Tsividis, “ Mixed Analog-Digital Devices and Technology”, Mc-Graw Hill.

Alan B. Gnebene, “ Bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuit design“,John Wiley & Sons.

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN
Low power Basics: Need for low power VLSI chips, Sources of power dissipation on Digital

Integrated circuits. Emerging Low power approaches. Physics of power dissipation in CMOS devices.

oxide thickness, Impact of technology Scaling, Technology & Device innovation.

logic simulation, capacitive power estimation, static state power, gate level

capacitance estimation, architecture level analysis, data correlation analysis in DSP

systems. .

capacitance nodes, low power digital cells library

logic

reduction, parallel architecture with voltage reduction, flow graph transformation, low power

arithmetic components, low power memory design.

Low power Clock Distribution: Power dissipation in clock distribution, single

driver Vs distributed buffers, Zero skew Vs tolerable skew, chip & package co

design of clock network

Algorithm & architectural level methodologies: Introduction, design flow,

Algorithmic level analysis & optimization, Architectural level estimation &

synthesis.

Reference Books:

1. Gary K. Yeap, “Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design”, KAP, 2002

2. Rabaey, Pedram, “Low power design methodologies” Kluwer Academic, 1997

3. Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad,“Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design” Wiley,2000

Roots and Scope of AI, Definition, Turing Test, Application Areas of AI

Predicate Calculus

Knowledge Representation

Symbol-Based: Framework for Symbol – Based Learning, Version Space Search, ID3 Algorithm, Un-supervised learning, Reinforcement Learning

Automated Reasoning: Weak Methods in Theorem Proving, GPS and Difference Table, Resolution for Theorem Proving, Automated reasoning with PROLOG

"Artificial Intelligence – Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving", George F. Luger, 4th Edition, Pearson Education , 2003.

"Artificial Intelligence", Knight, Tata McGraw Hill

High frequency Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors – Transmission Line Analysis – line equation –

Micro stripe line – SWR voltage reflection co-efficient propagation constant, phase constant, phase

velocity – smith chart – parallel RL and RC circuits – ABCD parameters and S parameters.

RF Diode, PIN diode, GUNN diode, RF Bipolar junction Transistor, RF Field Effect Transistor –

Modeling of Diode, transistor and FET - RF Amplifier: characteristics, power relational and stability

considerations – LNA, Power amplifiers, Differential amplifiers, Distributed power amplifiers and

Broad band amplifiers.

Unit 3: RF Circuits Design

RF Oscillator Design, Fixed frequency oscillator – Dielectric resonant oscillator, Voltage controlled

oscillator- sun element oscillator – RF mixer design – single ended mixer – double ended mixer – RF

filter resonator and filter configuration – Butterworth and chebyshev filters – Design of micro stripe

filters.

Unit 4: RF IC Design

Introduction to RFIC – Analog and Microwave design versus RFIC design – noise performance

estimate – RF technology – receiver with single IF stage metallization – sheet resistance – skin effect

–parasitic capacitance and inductance – current handling – metal capacitors – Spiral inductors –

quality factor – layout in IC – mutual inductance – multilevel – measurement – packaging.

Unit 5: RF System Design

Link design – Fading design – Protected and non protected microwave systems – Path calculation –

Spread spectrum microwave system – Compatibility – Safety co-ordinate systems – Datam’s & GPS –

Receiver design – receiver architecture dynamic range – frequency conversion and filtering –

examples of practical receivers – FM broadcast, Digital cellular, Multimeter wave point to point,

Direct conversion GSM receiver-RF MEMS: Concept, Implementation and Applications.

1. Reinhold Ludwig and Pavel Bretchko, “RF circuit design,” Pearson Education, 2007.

2. David Pozar, “Microwave and RF design of Wireless systems,” Johnwiley, 2008.

Reference Books:

1. Josn Rogers and Calvin Plett, “Radio frequency Integrated circuit design,” Artech house, 2002.

2. Ferri Losee, “RF systems, Components and Circuits handbook,” Artech house, 2002.

3. Joseph.J.Carr, “Secrets of RF circuit design,” Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.

4. Vivek Varadhan,” RF MEMS and their applications”, Wiley Eastern edition, 2003.

DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION
Physical Characterization: Thin Film Thickness- Measurements-ellipsometry, surface profiling, spectrophotometry, FTIR

Critical Dimension Measurements: Optical microscope, Scanning Electron

Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope

measurements, DLTS, Carrier lifetime, impurity profiling, I-V measurements

Schroder, “Semiconductor Material And Device Characterization”

Philips F. Kare and Greydon B. Lauabee, “ Characterization of semiconductor Materials”, Mc-Graw Hill.

K.V. Ravi, “Imperfections And Impurities In Semiconductor Silicon”, John Wiley And Sons.

Information – Entropy, Information rate, classification of codes, Kraft McMillan inequality, Source coding theorem, Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, Extended Huffman

Text: Adaptive Huffman Coding, Arithmetic Coding, LZW algorithm – Audio: Perceptual coding, Masking techniques, Psychoacoustic model, MEG Audio layers I,II,III, Dolby AC3 - Speech: Channel Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding

Image and Video Formats – GIF, TIFF, SIF, CIF, QCIF – Image compression: READ, JPEG – Video Compression: Principles-I,B,P frames, Motion estimation, Motion compensation, H.261, MPEG standard

Definitions and Principles: Hamming weight, Hamming distance, Minimum distance decoding - Single parity codes, Hamming codes, Repetition codes - Linear block codes, Cyclic codes - Syndrome calculation, Encoder and decoder – CRC

Convolutional codes – code tree, trellis, state diagram - Encoding – Decoding: Sequential search and Viterbi algorithm – Principle of Turbo coding

2. Fred Halsall, “Multidedia Communications: Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards”, Perason Education Asia, 2002

3. K Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression” 3/e, Elsevier 2006

4. S Gravano, “Introduction to Error Control Codes”, Oxford University Press 2007

5. Amitabha Bhattacharya, “Digital Communication”, TMH 2006

ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLER-PIC, AVR
The PIC18 Microcontrollers: History and Features

PIC18 Architecture & Assembly Language Programming

Branch, Call, and Time Delay Loop

PIC18 I/O Port Programming

Arithmetic, Logic Instructions and Programs

Bank Switching, Table Processing, Macros, and Modules

PIC18 Programming in C

PIC18 Hardware Connection and ROM Loaders

PIC18 Timer Programming in Assembly and C

PIC18 Serial Port Programming in Assembly and C

Interrupt Programming in Assembly and C

LCD and Keyboard Interfacing

ADC, DAC, and Sensor Interfacing

SPI Protocol and DS1306 RTC Interfacing

Motor Control: Relay, PWM, DC, and Stepper Motors

Introduction to ARM and AVR 8515 microcontroller: Architecture and Programming

in assembly and C
Suggested Books
1. Daniel Tabak, "Advanced Microprocessors", McGraw Hill. Inc., 1995

2. James L. Antonakos, "The Pentium Microprocessor", Pearson Education, 1997

3. Steave Furber, "ARM system - on - chip architecture", Addison Wesley, 2000

4. John.B..Peatman, "Design with PIC Micro controller", Pearson Education, 1988

5. Gene. H.Miller, "Micro Computer Engineering", Pearson Education, 2003

6. James L Antonakos, "An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors", Pearson Education, 1999

7. Barry B.Breg,, "The Intel Microprocessors Architecture, Programming and Interfacing", PHI, 2002


COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS

Data Communications: Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and

Categories – types of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model –

Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232

Interfacing sequences.

low Control and Error control - stop and wait – go back-N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding

window – HDLC - LAN - Ethernet IEEE 802.3 - IEEE 802.4 - IEEE 802.5 - IEEE 802.11 – FDDI

- SONET – Bridges.

methods – Subnetting – Routing – Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.

Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality

of services (QOS) – Integrated Services.

Application Layer: Domain Name Space (DNS) – SMTP – FTP – HTTP - WWW – Security

Cryptography.

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.

2. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach

Featuring the Internet”, Pearson Education, 2003.

3. Larry L.Peterson and Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd.,

Second Edition.

4. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.

5. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Sixth Edition, Pearson

Education, 2000.

Introductory matrix algebra and linear vector space. State space representation of systems. Linearization

of a non - linear System. Solution of state equations. Evaluation of State Transition Matrix (STM) -

Simulation of state equation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK program.

Similarity transformation and invariance of system properties due to similarity transformations. Minimal

realization of SISO, SIMO, MISO transfer functions. Discretization of a continuous time state space

model. Conversion of state space model to transfer function model using Fadeeva algorithm.

Fundamental theorem of feedback control - Controllability and Controllable canonical form - Pole

assignment by state feedback using Ackermann’s formula – Eigen structure assignment problem.

Unit IV

Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem and solution of algebraic Riccati equation using eigenvalue

and eigen vector methods, iterative method. Controller design using output feedback.

Unit V

Observability and observable canonical form - Design of full order observer using Ackermann’s formula -

Bass Gura algorithm.

Unit VI

Duality between controllability and observability - Full order Observer based controller design. Reduced

order observer design.

Unit VII

Internal stability of a system. Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, asymptotic stability of linear time

invariant continuous and discrete time systems. Solution of Lyapunov type equation.

Unit VIII

Model decomposition and decoupling by state feedback. Disturbance rejection, sensitivity and

complementary sensitivity functions.
Reference Books:
1. K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall, India 1997

2. T. Kailath, T., Linear Systems, Perntice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980.

3. N. K. Sinha , Control Systems, New Age International, 3rd edition, 2005.

4. Panos J Antsaklis, and Anthony N. Michel, Linear Systems, New - age international (P) LTD.

Publishers, 2009.

5. John J D’Azzo and C. H. Houpis , “Linear Control System Analysis and Design Conventional

and Modern”, McGraw - Hill Book Company, 1988.

6. B.N. Dutta, Numerical Methods for linear Control Systems - , Elsevier Publication, 2007.

7. C.T.Chen Linear System Theory and Design - PHI, India.

8. Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 11th Edition, Pearson Edu,

India, 2009.

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

UNIT I:

Introduction - Advantages of Digital control systems - Practical aspects of the choice of sampling rate

and multirate sampling - Basic discrete time signals - Quantization – Sampling theorem - Data

conversion and Quantization - Sampling process - Mathematical modeling - Data reconstruction and

filtering of sampled signals – zero - order hold.

UNIT II:

z - transform and inverse z - transform, Relationship between s - plane and z - plane - Difference

equation - Solution by recursion and z - transform - pulse transfer functions of the zero - order Hold and

relationship between G(s) and G(z)– Bilinear transformation .

Digital control systems - Pulse transfer function - z transform analysis of open loop, closed loop

systems - Modified z Transform - transfer function - Stability of linear digital control systems -

Stability tests.

Root loci - Frequency domain analysis - Bode plots - Gain margin and phase margin - Design of

Digital Control Systems based on Root Locus Technique.

UNIT V:

Cascade and feedback compensation by continuous data controllers - Digital controllers - Design using

bilinear transformation - Realization of Digital PID controllers.

UNIT VI:

State equations of discrete data systems, solution of discrete state equations, State transition Matrix: z -

transform method. Relation between state equations and transfer functions.

UNIT VII

Concepts on Controllability and Observability - Digital state observer: Design of the full order and

reduced order state observer - Pole placement design by state feed back.

UNIT VIII:

Design of Dead beat Controller - some case studies - Stability analysis of discrete time systems based on

Lyapunov approach.
Reference Books:
1. K. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, PHI/Addison - Wesley Longman Pte. Ltd., India,

Delhi, 1995.

2. B.C Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 2nd Edition, Oxford Univ Press, Inc., 1992.

3. F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, and M.L. Workman, Digital control of Dynamic Systems,

Addison - Wesley Longman, Inc., Menlo Park, CA , 1998.

4. Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 1997.

5. C. H. Houpis and G.B. Lamont, Digital Control Systems, McGraw Hill, 1985.

6. John S. Baey, Fundamentals of Linear State Space Systems, Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition

7. Bernard Fried Land, Control System Design, Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition

8. Dorsay, Continuous and Discrete Control Systems, McGraw - Hill.

Coordinate frames-mapping- mapping Between rotated frames-mapping between translated

frames-mapping between rotated and translated frames-description of objects in spacetransformation

of vectors—inverting homogeneous transform-fundamental rotation matrices

Mathematical structure and notations-description of links and joints-kinematic modeling of the

manipulator- Denavit-Hatenberg notation-kinematic relationship between adjacent linksmanipulator

transformation matrix

Manipulator work space – Solvability of kinematic model- -Solution techniques- closed form

solution-guidelines to obtain closed form solution.

Unit IV: Manipulator Differential Motion and Statics

Linear and angular velocity of a rigid body - Relationship between transformation Matrix and

angular velocity - Mapping velocity vector-Velocity propagation along links-Manipulator

Jacobian - Jacobian Inverse- Jacobian Singularities- Static Analysis

Lagrangian Mechanics – Two degree of freedom Manipulator-Dynamic Model – Lagrange–

Euler formulation - Newton –Euler Formulation – comparison of Lagrange–Euler & Newton –

Euler Formulations – Inverse Dynamics

Definitions and planning tasks- terminology-steps in trajectory planning- Joint space techniques-

Cartesian space techniques- Joint space Vs Cartesian space Trajectory planning.

Unit VII: Control of Manipulators

Open and close loop control – The manipulator control problem – Linear control schemes-

Characteristics of second order linear systems- Linear Second order-SISO model of a

manipulator joint- Joint Actuators- partitioned PD control scheme –PID control scheme –

computed torque control- force control of robotic manipulators – description of force control

tasks –Force-control strategies-Hybrid position/ force control- Impedance Force/Torque control

Sensing- Sensors in robotics – Kinds of sensors used in robotics- -Robotic vision- Robotic

vision- Industrial applications of vision controlled robotic systems- process of Imaging-

Architecture of robotic vision systems- Image Acquisition- Image representation-Image

processing – Industrial applications –material handling – Process applications – Assembly

applications – Inspection application – Principles of Robot applications and application planning,

Justification of robots- Robot safety

Reference Books:

1. Robotics and control –RKMittal And I J Nagrath TMH Publishers-1st edition-2003

2. Mikell P,Weiss G.M.,Nagel R.N., Odrey N.G., Industrial Robotics, McGraw Hill,1986.

3. Deb.S.R- Robotics Technology and flexible automation, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.

4. Asfahi C.R. - Robotics and manufacturing automation, John wiley ,1992.

5. Klafter R.D.- Chimielewski T.A & Neign M., Robotics engineering: An integrated

approach, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1994.

CDMA AND OFDM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Unit 1: Principles of Code Division Multiple Access

Spread spectrum technique – Direct sequence and frequency hopping spread spectrum

communication system – PN codes and Walsh codes – Rake receiver – Capacity – Effects of loading,

sectorization and voice activity – Power control – Hand off – Link structure – Forward link – Pilot,

synchronization, paging and traffic channels – Reverse Link – access and traffic channel.

Unit 2: Call Processing and Traffic

Call processing states – Initialization, idle, access and traffic states – Forward link and Reverse link

analysis - Calculation of Ec/I0 and Eb/N0 – Traffic intensity – Grade of Service – Erlang-B and C models.

Unit 3: OFDM Basics

OFDM principles – system model – Generation of sub carrier using IFFT, guard time and cyclic

extensions – windowing - Choice of OFDM parameters - OFDM signal processing.

Unit 4: Coding, Modulation and Channel Estimation

FEC coding – Interleaving – QAM – Coded modulation – Synchronization – Synchronization using

cyclic extension and special training symbols – Coherent detection – One and two dimensional

channel estimation – Special training symbols – Decision directed channel estimation – Differential

detection in the time and frequency domain.

Unit 5: OFDMA and MC-CDMA

Frequency hopping in OFDMA - OFDMA system description – Channel coding, modulation, time and

frequency synchronization, Combination of OFDM and CDMA - MC-CDMA, MT-CDMA and MC-DS

CDMA systems - Difference between OFDMA and MC-CDMA

2. Richard Van Nee and Ramjee Prasad, “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communication,” Artech