Department Trade and Industry (DTI)

(4) Poverty alleviation initiatives, including rollout of grants, should be targeted in child labour hot spots. This should not be interpreted as a criterion for access to the grants, but rather as how to target information campaigns and registration blitzes. Lead institution: DrSD (rollout of grants). Secondary institution: NT, NPA, DTI. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(5) Areas where children spend long hours in subsistence agriculture should be one of the criteria for targeting poverty alleviation initiatives. Lead institution: DrSD. Secondary institutions: NPA, DTI. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal (identification of such areas). Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within four years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: cover once off costs.

(23) The national awareness campaign on child labour should highlight the disadvantages and dangers of adult work that encourages child labour. See 7.2. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institution: DTI. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(123) Businesses using child labour, and adult work encouraging child labour, should be encouraged to change such work practices. Where businesses receive financial and other assistance from government, and such practices do not change, assistance should be terminated after fair warning. To police this, there should be a requirement to supply employee age information in all application forms and reports from these businesses. Lead institution: DTI. New Policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal (investigating existing practices; recommending changes). Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line:

(98) Adequate and safe transport should be provided for children living further away from schools. This forms part of the newly-published Plan of Action on access to schooling. Special attention should be given to the provision of both primary and secondary schools in rural, and particularly commercial farming, areas. Alternative means of transport, such as the provision of bicycles, needs to be investigated. This could be achieved with the cooperation of the private sector. Lead institution: DrE. Secondary institution: DT. New Policy? Yes. Costs: No additional costs beyond existing policy proposal. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy.

(60) DPLG and sector departments, which already help local governments with insufficient capacity to draft IDPs, should assist them in the prioritisation of basic infrastructure services for areas where the most dire need is felt. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG (implementation); DWAF* (basic water services); DME (basic energy services) New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(61) DPLG should run a pilot project to see how local authorities could identify and take account of long distances travelled to sources of water or fuel when planning and implementing the provision of basic services. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG (implementation); DWAF* (basic water services); DME (basic energy services). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: depends on recommendations from pilot and whether proposed policy is adopted. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover once off costs.

(62) The programme to provide a minimum of 6 kl per month free water per household should be implemented in municipalities where this is not yet in place. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG, DWAF. New policy? No, implementation of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: significant, already budgeted. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(63) DPLG could provide municipalities with national guidelines to encourage a more gradual increase in tariffs after the free 6 kl. Lead institutions: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG, DWAF*. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: minimal, recouped from higher-level users. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(122) Adult work that encourages child labour should be regulated. This should be taken into account when the ECC makes recommendations to the Minister of Labour in respect of particular sectors or groups of workers. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institution: ECC. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(32) Appropriate strategies should be found for provision of childcare facilities, especially in sectors and areas where children often have to look after their younger siblings, with a focus on rural poor. The Early Childhood Development (ECD) Programme of the Department of Education aims to provide such facilities for Grade 0/R children for the last year before school. However, effective provincial implementation of this programme must be speeded up and supported financially. Workplace-based child-care facilities should be encouraged. Lead institution: DSD*. Secondary institutions: DrE (grade 0/R), DL (workplace-based provision), LG (regarding crèche facilities funded or provided by local authorities). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Recurrent cost: moderate to substantial. Time line: To be introduced within three year of adoption of policy. Note: The feasibility of a government programme to fund or provide ECD services is being assessed in the context of a chapter on this issue in the Children's Bill. This action step must be amended in accordance with the decision regarding that chapter.

(60) DPLG and sector departments, which already help local governments with insufficient capacity to draft IDPs, should assist them in the prioritisation of basic infrastructure services for areas where the most dire need is felt. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG (implementation); DWAF* (basic water services); DME (basic energy services) New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(61) DPLG should run a pilot project to see how local authorities could identify and take account of long distances travelled to sources of water or fuel when planning and implementing the provision of basic services. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG (implementation); DWAF* (basic water services); DME (basic energy services). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: depends on recommendations from pilot and whether proposed policy is adopted. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover once off costs.

(62) The programme to provide a minimum of 6 kl per month free water per household should be implemented in municipalities where this is not yet in place. Lead institution: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG, DWAF. New policy? No, implementation of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: significant, already budgeted. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(63) DPLG could provide municipalities with national guidelines to encourage a more gradual increase in tariffs after the free 6 kl. Lead institutions: DPLG. Secondary institutions: LG, DWAF*. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: minimal, recouped from higher-level users. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(64) Government should widen access to the alternative commercial fuels by expanding the provision of energy through the concept of integrated energy centres or energy shops. If they are located close to households in remote areas, these shops could sell paraffin, gas, wood, solar cooking equipment, or other sources of energy. People are likely to choose the form of energy most suitable to them, in many cases relieving the pressure on children to fetch fuel from far away. Lead institution: DME. Secondary institution: LG. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within 3 years of adoption of policy.’

(80) Often parking attendants or car washers are employed, or given licences to work by private enterprises such as shops or owners of parking spaces, or by municipalities. These bodies should be alerted on the need to avoid child labour. No licences should be awarded to children under the age of 15 years. Lead institution: Business; Secondary institution: LG. New policy? Yes. Once off or recurrent cost: nil additional cost.

(85) Municipalities, which are responsible for rubbish collection, should look into ways of alleviating the problem while ensuring that the needs of these children are addressed (e.g. lack of food). Lead institution: LG. New policy? Yes. Once off and recurrent cost: cost depends on proposed solution. Time line: to be done within three years of adoption of policy to allow for learning from research.

(86) Consultation aimed at identifying appropriate action should be held with urban local authorities, with organisations working with street children and others. Lead institution: DrSD; Secondary institution: DPLG, LG. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: cost depends on proposed solution. Time line: To be done within one year of adoption of policy.

(118) The growing number of home-based care programmes could play a role in terms of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Fieldworkers for all home-based care programmes need to be trained to recognise the problems children face in HIV/AIDS-affected households, and link them up with the necessary assistance services. Government must find ways to work together with and support – financially and otherwise – the full range of home-based programmes. Lead institution: DrSD*; Secondary institutions: DPLG, LG, DH, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once-off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: to be introduced within one year of adoption of policy.

(126) Facilitating the reunification of children living in the street to their families or extended families, provided that circumstances would be caring. Lead institution: DrSD*. Secondary institution: LG. New Policy? Existing policy, although difficulties with implementation are sometimes experienced. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: moderate, but forms part of existing budget. Time line: ongoing.

(5) Areas where children spend long hours in subsistence agriculture should be one of the criteria for targeting poverty alleviation initiatives. Lead institution: DrSD. Secondary institutions: NPA, DTI. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal (identification of such areas). Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within four years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: cover once off costs.

(18) A national public awareness campaign on child labour should be designed and implemented: substantial initial campaign with a sustained presence thereafter. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: NPA, CLIG, SAPS,DJ, DC (each regarding its own line function), NGOs. New policy? Yes. Once-off cost: significant. Recurrent cost: significant. ILO funding: to cover initial design and part of initial implementation, the remainder having to be borne by the relevant line department. Time line: to be introduced as soon as possible after adoption of policy; initial stage of campaign to run over three years.

(34) Indicators of success of the Child Labour Action Programme should be developed. Lead institution: DL; Secondary institution: NPA. New policy: Yes. One off cost: moderate. Recurrent costs: minimal. Time line: To be introduced within one year of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover one-off development costs.

(68) The DL should set guidelines for acceptable kinds of household chores, and reasonable amounts of time children should spend on them. Guidelines should make it clear that children learn and benefit from a moderate amount of chores, provided the tasks are age appropriate and fairly distributed between household members. This approach is in line with the African Charter's provision stating that children have responsibilities towards their families. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: DrSD*, NPA. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal. Time line: to be done within two years of adoption of policy

(75) Subsistence agriculture should be one of Child Labour Action Programme's priority areas because of the high number of children working in this sector, and because of the very long hours that they work. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institution: DrA, NPA. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy.

(13) The extension of the CSG to children up to the end of the school year in which they turn 15 years. The current age cut-off of 14 years does not align with the period of compulsory schooling and the prohibition on employment of children, both extending up to the end of the school year in which a child turns 15. If this is not done children of very poor families are likely to leave school at 14 to work for the family income, or to work while attending schooling, affecting schooling negatively. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institution : NT. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Recurrent cost: Significant, while potentially funded from savings in terms of step (12). Time line: 2006.

(14) In the medium term the extension of the CSG to those aged 16 and 17 years should be considered to encourage children to remain in school and to avoid children's engagement in hazardous work activities and other WFCL. This should follow an assessment of how effectively the CSG reaches the very poor. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institution : NT. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Recurrent cost: Significant, while potentially funded to some extent from savings in terms of step (12). Time line: 2008.

(120) Reconsider the education component of the equitable share formula for provinces and the age-related provisions for exemption from school fees. Lead institution: NT; Secondary institution: DrE. New policy? Yes. Costs: Redistribution rather than additional cost.

(18) A national public awareness campaign on child labour should be designed and implemented: substantial initial campaign with a sustained presence thereafter. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: NPA, CLIG, SAPS,DJ, DC (each regarding its own line function), NGOs. New policy? Yes. Once-off cost: significant. Recurrent cost: significant. ILO funding: to cover initial design and part of initial implementation, the remainder having to be borne by the relevant line department. Time line: to be introduced as soon as possible after adoption of policy; initial stage of campaign to run over three years.

(21) The national public awareness campaign should raise public awareness that people should immediately report to the police CSEC or other forms of exploitation of children to do illegal activities, such as carrying of drugs and children’s involvement in the making and selling of liquor. Lead institution: SAPS; secondary institution: GCIS. Costs and time line: see (18).

(25) Organisations running help lines, including a labour (e-governance line) call centre, should be informed fully about child labour issues, including trafficking and CSEC, through appropriate training materials and operations manuals. Lead institution: DL*. Secondary institutions: Organisations running help lines, NGOs, DSD. New policy? Yes. Once off costs: minimal. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: To be introduced within one year of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover once off cost.

(30) Information on the specific needs and problems of working children and the relevant elements of a Child Labour Action Programme and the applicable legislation should be introduced in the training of teachers, included in the school curriculum (life skills) and disseminated to managers of schools, teachers and governing bodies in different languages and at appropriate levels of simplicity. Given the relationship between poverty and failure in education there should also be curriculum development in this regard. The material and concept should be injected into the life skills programme. Lead institution: DrE; Secondary institutions: NGOs, Trade Unions. New policy? No. Once off costs: minimal. Recurrent costs: Minimal. This has been budgeted for in the roll out of curriculum training. . Time line: To be introduced within two years of adoption of policy.

(47) DSD should review its strategy on repatriation of victims of trafficking, including provision of appropriate reception and care centres. For example, provision of shelter and assistance should not be contingent on the willingness of victims to give evidence in criminal proceedings. Lead institution: DSD*. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, DFA, DHA*, NProsAuth*, relevant NGOs: New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within four years of adoption of policy.

(53) Coordinate assessment of the feasibility of the non-legislative action steps to address CSEC as proposed by the SALRC, and whether line departments agree to them, and facilitate agreement on responsibilities, actions and timeframes for implementation and monitoring arrangements. Some of these actions steps could be taken forward even before new legislation is promulgated. The steps are contained in the SALRC’s report at www.law.wits.ac.za/SALRC/SALRC.html. Lead institution: DJ*. Secondary institutions: NProsAuth*, SAPS*, DSD, NGOs, SALRC* (advising other institutions regarding its recommendations). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal to moderate. Recurrent cost: depending on what institutions agree to do. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(54) Developing a more reliable database on CSEC of children in South Africa. The SAYP could not identify the number of children involved in child prostitution and other forms of CSEC. Prostitution and other forms of CSEC are notoriously difficult to research, but more reliable information is needed if CSEC, including trafficking of children with the purpose of prostituting them, is to be addressed in a meaningful way. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover costs related to the modifications of existing databases to reflect more reliable information on CSEC cases.

(74) SAPS should provide more effective protection for labour inspectors and social service workers where their safety is threatened. Full and regular access for inspectors and social service workers should also be facilitated through buy-in by organisations of farmers and other employers. Agreements with the farmers’ organisations may be one way to facilitate this monitoring. Lead institution: DL*. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, AgriSA*. New policy? More effective implementation of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(83) Research should be done regarding children involved in scavenging and recycling to determine the extent of the problem and possible solutions or good practices models. Lead institution: DSD; Secondary institutions: RI, DL, NGOs. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: to be done within one year of adoption of policy. ILO funding: cost to be covered under ILO funding.

(90) Some children work because their families would not otherwise be able to afford school fees. There is thus a need for awareness raising and enforcement of the national school fee policy in respect of exemptions for poorer families and children who are fostered. Effectively distributing existing DOE material should greatly assist in this regard. Such awareness-raising is especially important in the three years before the Plan of Action on improving access is fully implemented. Lead institution: DrE. Secondary institution: NGOs. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: to be embarked on within one year of adoption of policy.

(99) Information on the specific needs and problems of children who are working and the relevant elements of a Child Labour Action Programme and the applicable legislation should be introduced in the training of teachers, included in the school curriculum (life skills) and disseminated to managers of schools, teachers and governing bodies. Lead institution: DrE; Secondary institutions: NGOs, Trade Unions. New policy? Yes. Once off costs: minimal. Recurrent costs: minimal. Time line: To be introduced within two years of adoption of policy.

(102) Training children, parents, teachers, trade unions and employers on (a) occupational safety and health, including regulations issued in terms of (100), children's rights and general resources available, and (b) also training subsistence farmers on the hazards of subsistence farming, and the guidelines drawn up in terms of (101). Lead institution: DL; Secondary institutions: DE, DSD, DH and NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal to moderate. ILO funding: cover the cost of developing a strategy and the necessary material. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy.

(113) Bodies involved with research into occupational hazards, such as trade unions, NGOs and community medicine departments of universities should review this list. Lead institution: RI. Secondary institutions: TUs, Business, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(118) The growing number of home-based care programmes could play a role in terms of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Fieldworkers for all home-based care programmes need to be trained to recognise the problems children face in HIV/AIDS-affected households, and link them up with the necessary assistance services. Government must find ways to work together with and support – financially and otherwise – the full range of home-based programmes. Lead institution: DrSD*; Secondary institutions: DPLG, LG, DH, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once-off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: to be introduced within one year of adoption of policy.

(127) Reintegration of street children through shelters and homes, with increased state support to such shelters. Lead institution: DrSD*. Secondary institution: NGOs. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(128) Giving support while the child is on the street, including the provision of at least basic education to ensure minimum-level literacy and skills. This could possibly be done through halfway houses where children could gradually be phased into or back to the education system. When implementing Education White Paper 6 on inclusion, programmes can be adapted in this regard. Lead institution: DrE. Secondary institution: NGOs. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate (further design). Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: plan to expand to be in place within three years of adoption of policy.

(113)Bodies involved with research into occupational hazards, such as trade unions, NGOs and community medicine departments of universities should review this list. Lead institution: RI. Secondary institutions: TUs, Business, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(53) Coordinate assessment of the feasibility of the non-legislative action steps to address CSEC as proposed by the SALRC, and whether line departments agree to them, and facilitate agreement on responsibilities, actions and timeframes for implementation and monitoring arrangements. Some of these actions steps could be taken forward even before new legislation is promulgated. The steps are contained in the SALRC’s report at www.law.wits.ac.za/SALRC/SALRC.html. Lead institution: DJ*. Secondary institutions: NProsAuth*, SAPS*, DSD, NGOs, SALRC* (advising other institutions regarding its recommendations). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal to moderate. Recurrent cost: depending on what institutions agree to do. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(20) The national public awareness campaign should highlight trafficking of children, and should in this respect be aimed at a range of audiences, including children, parents, teachers, perpetrators and intermediaries involved in trafficking, and the general public. Lead institution: DSD*. Secondary institutions: BSA, DC, DE, DSD, DL and SAPS. Costs and time line: see (18).

(21) The national public awareness campaign should raise public awareness that people should immediately report to the police CSEC or other forms of exploitation of children to do illegal activities, such as carrying of drugs and children’s involvement in the making and selling of liquor. Lead institution: SAPS; secondary institution: GCIS. Costs and time line: see (18).

(22) The national awareness campaign on child labour should encourage the eradication of practices where children are involved in making or selling liquor, or work in establishments where they are exposed to liquor or clients buying liquor. Lead institution: DL; Secondary institution: SAPS. New policy? Yes. Costs and time line: see (18).

(26) The quality and content of training on the prevention of trafficking, prosecution of traffickers and protecting the rights of victims, including and especially child victims for law enforcement personnel, immigration and customs officials, prosecutors and judges, as well as other relevant officials and non-governmental stakeholders must be improved. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institutions: DJ, DNP, SAPS, DHA, DrSD (by addressing trafficking and child labour more generally in their training materials programmes). New policy? Yes. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover costs within the first two years; and to review basic training material used by SAPS re dealing with Child Victims also address the position of child victims of trafficking.

(28) Training materials and programmes of law enforcement agencies should be adapted to prime them to seek and prosecute adults using the children or benefiting from the children's illegal activities (if any) – see (56). An assessment is also necessary whether there are sufficient opportunities within existing training programmes to present such training and, if not, such training sessions should be extended. Lead institution, investigations: SAPS. Lead institution, prosecution: DJ. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: moderate to significant saving, if effective, as costed in the Child Justice Bill process. Regarding children involved in commercial sexual exploitation, such training has already been budgeted for. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to assist in the once-off cost of designing training material.

(33) Design and implement minor amendments to existing information management systems to record all steps taken in key areas of a child labour policy (e.g. details regarding child labour inspections, steps taken by departments responsible for social development of children, etc). This system would allow the DL to monitor progress in identifying areas of concern and evaluating targeted programmes or actions AND to track children removed from child labour to ensure that their welfare is attended to adequately. Where such systems do not exist, the first step is the design of such a system. Lead institution: DL (labour steps and overall coordination); DrSD* (welfare steps); DrE (education-related steps); SAPS and NProsAuth* (investigation and prosecution of CL-related crimes; use of children to commit illegal activities); DHA (refugee children and illegal immigrant children). New policy? Yes. Once-off cost of adjustments of current information management systems: moderate. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: to be introduced as soon as possible after adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover once-off cost.

(40) The JCPS cluster of directors-generals should take responsibility for dealing with trafficking until explicit legislation on trafficking is promulgated. The cluster includes DJ, DHA, SAPS and SANDF. Lead institution: DJ. Secondary institutions: DHA, SAPS. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil / minimal / moderate / significant. Recurrent cost: SAPS – already funded within SAPS baseline. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(41) South Africa should sign, ratify, and implement the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. Lead institution: DFA. Secondary institutions: DL, SAPS, DJ, SALRC. New policy? No, in process of being ratified. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(42) SAPS and DHA should develop guidelines and procedures to enable the rapid and accurate identification of trafficked persons and children. Lead institution: SAPS*. Secondary institution: DHA*. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: moderate, but already included in SAPS baseline budget. Time line:

(43) DL should assume responsibility for monitoring and inspecting instances of employment -related trafficking. They should collaborate with the DHA and SAPS in this regard. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: DHA* and SAPS*. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: moderate (staffing and training costs). Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(44) The DFA, together with SAPS (through SARPCO (SA Regional Police Chiefs’ Coordinating Committee) where SADC police counterparts discuss issues of mutual operational concern) and the Victim Empowerment Programme of the DSD and NProsAuth (SOCA), should use existing mechanisms that provide regular contact with relevant stakeholders in other countries in the region is to deal with trafficking operations and victim assistance. Lead institution: DFA. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, DSD, NProsAuth*. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.’

(47) DSD should review its strategy on repatriation of victims of trafficking, including provision of appropriate reception and care centres. For example, provision of shelter and assistance should not be contingent on the willingness of victims to give evidence in criminal proceedings. Lead institution: DSD*. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, DFA, DHA*, NProsAuth*, relevant NGOs: New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within four years of adoption of policy.

(53) Coordinate assessment of the feasibility of the non-legislative action steps to address CSEC as proposed by the SALRC, and whether line departments agree to them, and facilitate agreement on responsibilities, actions and timeframes for implementation and monitoring arrangements. Some of these actions steps could be taken forward even before new legislation is promulgated. The steps are contained in the SALRC’s report at www.law.wits.ac.za/SALRC/SALRC.html. Lead institution: DJ*. Secondary institutions: NProsAuth*, SAPS*, DSD, NGOs, SALRC* (advising other institutions regarding its recommendations). New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal to moderate. Recurrent cost: depending on what institutions agree to do. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(54) Developing a more reliable database on CSEC of children in South Africa. The SAYP could not identify the number of children involved in child prostitution and other forms of CSEC. Prostitution and other forms of CSEC are notoriously difficult to research, but more reliable information is needed if CSEC, including trafficking of children with the purpose of prostituting them, is to be addressed in a meaningful way. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover costs related to the modifications of existing databases to reflect more reliable information on CSEC cases.

(55) Designing pilot programmes to address CSEC, based on the experiences of other countries within the ILO-IPEC programme. Differences between countries and replicability would need to be borne in mind, as well as the sustainability of programmes once external assistance ended. Lead institution: DSD*. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, DJ*, NProsAuth*. New policy? Yes.Elaboration of existing policy Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate, possibly funded indefinitely by donors. Time line: within 2 years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover the design of the pilot programme as well as rendering expert support.

(57) Where children commit crimes, the diversion of such child offenders away for prison (including community service) should be the preferred option for children. Where appropriate, prosecution of a child should be converted to a children's court inquiry, after conviction.Lead institution: DJ*. Secondary institutions: DSD* (assistance with diversion), NProsAuth* (prosecution of those behind children, and diversion programmes), SAPS (identification of those using children who are in conflict with the law, and investigation of cases against them) and DCS. New policy? Policy proposed in the Child Justice Bill, but not yet finally adopted. Once off cost: moderate, but already costed through the Child Justice Bill process. Recurrent cost: Moderate. It should eventually ease spending pressure on SAPS, by the imprisonment of the perpetrators behind the children in conflict with the law. The effect of diversion programmes should be to ease the strain on the budget of DCS. In due course therefore moderate to significant saving, if effective, as costed in the Child Justice Bill process. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(74) SAPS should provide more effective protection for labour inspectors and social service workers where their safety is threatened. Full and regular access for inspectors and social service workers should also be facilitated through buy-in by organisations of farmers and other employers. Agreements with the farmers’ organisations may be one way to facilitate this monitoring. Lead institution: DL*. Secondary institutions: SAPS*, AgriSA*. New policy? More effective implementation of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within one year of adoption of policy.

(79) Provincial departments responsible for enforcing provincial liquor policies should introduce measures ensuring that owners and operators of liquor outlets adhere to the prohibition on children under 18 years working in any capacity in liquor outlets. Action could include regular inspections; a requirement that applicants for liquor licences sign an undertaking that they will not allow children to work in their establishments; and revoking licences where children are found to be working. Lead institution: PPO. Secondary institution: SAPS. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within 2 years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover once off assessment and design costs.

(130) A plan should be drafted for effective cooperation between DHA, SAPS, DH and the education departments, to ensure that child refugees are not arrested, are handled in accordance with existing laws and regulations, and are not denied access to school and health care services. Lead institution: DSD. Secondary institutions: DHA, SAPS, DrE, DH. New Policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: minimal. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy. ILO funding: to cover research required to possible alternatives and costs related to the facilitation of a process leading to closer cooperation

(35) A follow-up to the SAYP should be done as soon as possible, to assess the changed situation, especially in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and to assist with monitoring and evaluation. The SAYP should subsequently be conducted on a two or three-yearly basis as an add-on module to the existing labour force survey. Lead institution: StatsSA; Secondary institution: DL. New policy: Yes. Recurrent cost: Moderate-significant cost on three year basis. Time line: First one in early 2004. Second in early 2007. ILO funding to cover costs of first exercise.

(84) The questionnaire used for the next SAYP module should be able to identify scavenging and recycling activities. Lead institution: StatsSA; Secondary institution: DL. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: nil.

(99) Information on the specific needs and problems of children who are working and the relevant elements of a Child Labour Action Programme and the applicable legislation should be introduced in the training of teachers, included in the school curriculum (life skills) and disseminated to managers of schools, teachers and governing bodies. Lead institution: DrE; Secondary institutions: NGOs, Trade Unions. New policy? Yes. Once off costs: minimal. Recurrent costs: minimal. Time line: To be introduced within two years of adoption of policy..

(101) Draw up guidelines for subsistence agriculture the kinds of farm work that are appropriate for children, those that are not, and what potential hazards exist in the work and how it can be avoided – ie addressing the same factors as in (100). Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: DA, DrSD; Trade Unions. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: moderate. Time line: within three years of adoption of policy.

(113)Bodies involved with research into occupational hazards, such as trade unions, NGOs and community medicine departments of universities should review this list. Lead institution: RI. Secondary institutions: TUs, Business, NGOs. New policy? Elaboration of existing policy. Once off cost: minimal. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.

(115) Consultation of organisations representing business and trade unions regarding list of hazardous work to be defined as worst forms of child labour. Lead institution: DL. Secondary institutions: Business; TUs. New policy? Yes. Once off cost: moderate. Recurrent cost: nil. Time line: within two years of adoption of policy.