The school board of miami-dade county, florida
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Language Arts/Reading 8th GRADE Student Packet TUTORING SESSION 4 Benchmark Focus Lesson: LA.8.1.7.3- Conclusions and Inferences FCAT Instructional Passage: Charles Franklin Kettering Name_______________________ THE SCHOOL BOARD OF MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Perla Tabares Hantman, Chair Dr. Martin Karp, Vice Chair Dr. Dorothy Bendross-Mindingall Susie V. Castillo Carlos L. Curbelo Dr. Lawrence S. Feldman Dr. Wilbert “Tee” Holloway Dr. Marta Pérez Raquel A. Regalado Jude Bruno Student Advisor 
Alberto M. Carvalho Superintendent of Schools Milagros R. Fornell Chief Academic Officer Office of Academics and Transformation
Assistant Superintendent Academics, Accountability and School Improvement Office of Academics and Transformation Karen Spigler Administrative Director Department of Language Arts/Reading
Readers make inferences and draw conclusions based on information provided by the author. Be cognizant of details as you read. You should highlight or underline important information that will help you make inferences and draw conclusions. It was a sunny, hot day in July. Jerry gathered his favorite shorts, sun block, and water bottle. He searched for the sunglasses he recently purchased at the mall as he remembered that his surfboard was in the garage. What conclusion can the reader draw about where Jerry is going? What information is provided? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Mom went to the grocery store to purchase supplies. As she walked down the aisle, she checked her shopping list to make sure that she had not forgotten any important items. She put the flour, eggs, butter, and sugar in the cart and found some colorful candles. She wanted dad’s birthday to be perfect. What is Mom doing? What conclusions can the reader draw from the information? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Benchmark Focus Lesson 2- Differentiating between Fact and Opinion A fact is something than can be proven. An opinion expresses a person’s thoughts or feelings. Read the statements orally and determine whether the statement is a fact or an opinion. Be prepared to share your responses and discuss how you determined whether the statement is a fact or an opinion. 1. Blueberry muffins are better than banana nut crunch muffins. ____________ 2. Teenage girls are always better gymnasts than teenage boys. ____________ 3. It rains frequently in Miami, during the summer months. _________________ 4. The Catalina Mountains are in Tucson, Arizona. _______________________ Charles Franklin Kettering Ever since Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity in 1780, inventors have been trying to find ways to use it. Most of their ideas have focused on ways to make everyday chores easier or safer. Think of the many ways our lives have changed because of electricity. The electric light bulb is a good example. Electric light is safe, clean, and as easy to use as flipping a switch. The many simple devices that we use every day without thinking all began with a curious mind and a good idea. Charles Franklin Kettering had just that sort of curious mind. He was born on a small farm in Ohio in 1876. His childhood was spent working on the family farm and attending school. He was always very curious about everything around him. It did not take him long to learn just about everything there was to know about the tools and machines on the farm. His family did not have much money, so if Charles wanted anything special, he had to earn it for himself. When Charles’s chores on the Kettering farm were done, he had permission to seek odd jobs on other farms. One of his first jobs was cutting a neighbor’s wheat, for which he was paid fourteen dollars ($14.00). He used the money to purchase a telephone, a new invention the Kettering’s did not yet have. Charles took it apart, studied all the inside works, and put it back together again perfectly. This was the first of many electrical and mechanical experiments he would perform in his lifelong search for new ideas. After Kettering graduated from Ohio State University with a degree in electrical engineering, a large manufacturing company in Dayton, Ohio quickly hired him. This was in 1906, but even then, nothing in the world of business could happen without the use of electricity. His employers wanted Kettering to invent new electrical machines that would make business simpler and safer. It did not take him long to come up with his first big invention, the “OK” charge telephone. Clerks in department stores were able to punch in a dollar amount that a customer wanted to charge. The charge amount was then sent directly up to the office for an “OK” from the manager. Business owners were so impressed with the time and money they saved that they called Charles Kettering a genius. Kettering also invented an electric cash register, one that did not need to be hand cranked. This saved even more time and money for business owners by helping cashiers to work faster with fewer mistakes. After Kettering started his own research company in 1909, he was hired to invent the one machine that made him more famous than any other. The automobile was becoming more and more popular, but there was one big problem: autos had to be hand cranked to start. Not only did this process require a lot of strength, it was also quite dangerous. Engine backfires often caused the cranks to jerk back. Drivers suffered broken hands, wrists, and arms. An automobile manufacturer named Henry Leland was troubled by stories of his customers being injured by his cars. He asked Kettering to come up with a “self-starter” for his newest automobile. Kettering loved any challenge that involved using electricity, inventing, or making things safer. This one had all three. He remembered his work on the electric cash register, and this seemed to be just another crank problem. It was not long before he had created the electric automobile self-starter. It was put into all of Leland’s new automobiles. Soon most other automobile makers were putting Kettering’s “crankless battery” into their new models as well. Over the next five decades, Charles Kettering continued to invent new and better ways of doing old things. Among his best-known inventions are leaded gasoline, safety glass, four-wheel brakes, an incubator for newborn infants, and a magnetic imaging system used by hospitals. At the time of his death in 1958, he held 140 U.S. patents, and he had applied for many more. His career is truly a tribute to the power of the curious mind. 1. According to the article, what was Charles Franklin Kettering’s first invention?
2. How did Kettering’s charge telephone improve business?
3. Which statement BEST summarizes the article?
4. Which sentence BEST expresses the main idea of the beginning of the article?
5. How does the author organize the information in this article?
6. The author believes that Kettering’s success was primarily a result of his
7. Which word BEST expresses the author’s attitude toward Charles Franklin Kettering?
8. According to the article, why was Kettering hired to create a “crankless battery” for automobiles?
9. There is enough information in the passage to conclude that
10. What made inventing the automobile self-starter so interesting to Kettering?
11. Based on the article, what does the author MOST LIKELY admire about inventors?
12. Read the outline.
What information should be added to the outline on Charles Kettering’s life?
13. Which statement BEST summarizes the information in the first paragraph?
14. Explain how Charles Kettering’s inventions helped business owners. Use details and information from the article to support your answer. (2 points) 
Scoring Rubric: 2 points: The response indicates that the student has a complete understanding of the reading concept embodied in the task. The student has provided a response that is accurate, complete, and fulfills all the requirements of the task. Necessary support and/or examples are included, and the information given is clearly text-based. 1 point: The response indicates that the student has a partial understanding of the reading concept embodied in the task. The student has provided a response that includes information that is essentially correct and text-based, but the information is too general or too simplistic. Some of the support and/or examples may be incomplete or omitted. 0 points: The response indicates that the student does not demonstrate an understanding of the reading concept embodied in the task. The student has provided a response that is inaccurate; the response has an insufficient amount of information to determine the student’s understanding of the task; or the student has failed to respond to the task. ANTI-DISCRIMINATION POLICY Federal and State Laws The School Board of Miami-Dade County, Florida adheres to a policy of nondiscrimination in employment and educational programs/activities and strives affirmatively to provide equal opportunity for all as required by law: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended - prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 - prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), as amended - prohibits discrimination on the basis of age with respect to individuals who are at least 40. The Equal Pay Act of 1963, as amended - prohibits gender discrimination in payment of wages to women and men performing substantially equal work in the same establishment. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - prohibits discrimination against the disabled. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) - prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment, public service, public accommodations and telecommunications. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) - requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to “eligible” employees for certain family and medical reasons. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 - prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. Florida Educational Equity Act (FEEA) - prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, gender, national origin, marital status, or handicap against a student or employee. Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992 - secures for all individuals within the state freedom from discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, handicap, or marital status. Veterans are provided re-employment rights in accordance with P.L. 93-508 (Federal Law) and Section 295.07 (Florida Statutes), which stipulates categorical preferences for employment. Office of Academics and Transformation 2012-2013 Directory: ourpages -> auto -> 2014 2014 -> A message from Mr. Dryden 2014 -> Major works data sheet 2014 -> Extended learning modules language Arts/Reading 2014 -> A message from Mr. Dryden 2014 -> Situating Solipsism in Philosophy Branches of Philosophy 2014 -> Lesson 3 Computers and Programming Student Resources 2014 -> There Will Come Soft Rains by Ray Bradbury (1920-2012) 2014 -> Balancing on Ledger Lines By Jenna Coburn 2014 -> Why I write” (1946) by George Orwell Download 89.27 Kb. Share with your friends:
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