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| Abstract: Surveys British travel writing on Argentina from the early 18th century to the late 20th century. Perhaps the best-known early British traveler in Argentina was the physician, Jesuit convert, and missionary Thomas Falkner (1702-84), who set the tone for many travel writers who came to Argentina after its independence from Spain, including Joseph Andrews, Sir Francis Bond Head, William Henry Hudson, and Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham. Though 1860 sometimes figures as a watershed, the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a considerable output of British travel literature concerned with areas like finance, land, law, military memoirs, missionary work, sailing, and trade, as well as reports for the government and other agencies that had some literary merit. Some of this material even assumed a new importance in Argentina's quest for national identity. Though most British visitors who wrote on the River Plate region stayed only briefly, the Scotsmen Walter Owen (1884-1953) and William Shand (b. 1902) settled there. Despite its decline, the tradition of English travelers in Argentina has been preserved through this literature. * Period: 18c-20c.
Whitfield, Stephen J. “A CENTURY AND A HALF OF FRENCH VIEWS OF THE UNITED STATES.” Historian 1994 56(3): 531-542. Abstract: Surveys French views of the United States since the 1830's, emphasizing that some French intellectuals have turned brief observations into "bold interpretations" of American society even though a single visit does not permit a full understanding of a nation. This process began with Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America (1835), a book written by a man with limited English who stayed in America for only nine months. His perceptions, while containing oversights and mistakes, were valuable. Other significant works have been written by Jacques Barzun, Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Crozier (pen name Ted Morgan), Sanche de Gramont, and Jean Baudrillard. * Period: 1830's-1980's. Aguilar-Carino, Ma. Luisa. “THE IGOROT AS OTHER: FOUR DISCOURSES FROM THE COLONIAL PERIOD.” Philippine Studies [Philippines] 1994 42(2): 194-209. Abstract: Surveys four exemplary ethnohistories on the Igorot tribes of the Cordillera range, Philippines, challenging their "authoritative" texts that marginalize the life and culture of a primitive society as the "other," based on imperial bias and Western misperceptions. Drawing on French philosopher Michel Foucault's definition of historic reality and Edward W. Said's explorations in Orientalism (1984), this study analyzes the discursive practices in "Pagans" from "Informe sobre el Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1842" by Sinibaldo de Mas [in German Travellers on the Cordillera (1860-1890) (1975) edited by W. H. Scott], "Journey to the Igorots" from Twenty Years in the Philippines (1962) by Paul Proust de la Gironiere, Fray Angel Perez's Igorots: Geographic and Ethnographic Study of Some Districts of Northern Luzon (1988), and Tage U. H. Ellinger's Friend of the Brave (1954). * Period: 1842-1954. Miller, Terry E. and Chonpairot, Jarernchai. “A HISTORY OF SIAMESE MUSIC RECONSTRUCTED FROM WESTERN DOCUMENTS 1505-1932.” Crossroads 1994 8(2): 1-192. Abstract: Due to the difficulties of preserving paper documents in a tropical climate, not to mention the destruction wrought upon Siamese archives by the Burmese invasion of 1767, the only effective way to reconstruct Siamese or Thai musical traditions prior to 1932 is through the reports of European travelers, missionaries, and diplomats, sifting through their commentaries to get a clear picture of instruments and ceremonies. * Period: 1505-1932. Denham, James M. “THE FLORIDA CRACKER BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR AS SEEN THROUGH TRAVELERS' ACCOUNTS.” Florida Historical Quarterly 1994 72(4): 453-468. Abstract: Examines the lives of the mass of Florida's whites, known alternately among historians as "crackers," "poor whites," and "plain folk," as depicted by northern travelers before the Civil War. Southern values are influenced by the cultural legacies, as discussed in these accounts, of the region's commoners. * Period: 1830's-65. Clendennen, Gary W. “HISTORIANS BEWARE: YOU CAN'T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS CRITICS; OR, PROBLEMS WITH A NINETEENTH-CENTURY EXPLORATION RECORD.” History in Africa 1994 21: 403-407. Abstract: Shortly after leaving his brother's Zambezi Expedition in June 1863, the Reverend Charles Livingstone returned to New England, where he wrote, from January to August 1864, a four-volume, thousand-page account of his five years in Africa and David Livingstone's failed effort to "open" Central Africa by means of a Zambezian highway. Within the next year, David Livingstone relied heavily on this work to produce his Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries, a harsher book than his more famous 1857 Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. Contrary to the surmises of contemporary reviewers, he edited and reworked his brother's account to include his own condemnations of the Portuguese and a polemical defense of his leadership of the expedition. * Period: 1858-64. Merriam, D. F. “EDWIN JAMES - CHRONICLER OF GEOLOGY IN THE AMERICAN WEST.” Earth Sciences History 1994 13(2): 115-120. Abstract: While studying medicine, Edwin James (1797-1861) became interested in geology and was influenced by Amos Eaton of the Rensselaer School. Upon completing his medical studies, James accepted a position in the spring of 1820 as a botanist and geologist with Major Stephen H. Long's expedition. He was the first man to reach the summit of James Peak, now named Pikes Peak, and made notes on the geology of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. In 1823 An Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, written mostly by James, was published in Philadelphia and London and included the first geological map of the trans-Mississippi region. This work, from a Wernerian viewpoint, and five other lesser ones published between 1820 and 1827, represent the sum total of his geological contributions. In 1823 James was commissioned an assistant surgeon in the US Army; after leaving the army in 1833 he settled near Burlington, Iowa, where he was engaged in agriculture until his death. * Period: 1820-61. Diaz, Roberto Ignacio. “MERLIN'S FOREIGN HOUSE: THE GENRES OF LA HAVANE.” Cuban Studies 1994 24: 57-82. Abstract: Explores the relationships between the Comtesse Merlin's La Havane (1844) and Christopher Columbus's Diario de a Bordo, the cuadros and narrative fiction of Cuban costumbrismo, and autobiographical writing. La Havane was first and foremost a piece of travel writing in the tradition of European romanticism, but its intertextuality with other genres implies a search for a literary form that could encompass Merlin's habitation in two worlds: Cuba and France. Although her self-definition as Columbus's heir in the literary discovery of Cuba as well as her unacknowledged borrowings from Ramon de Palma's "Una Pascua en San Marcos" (1838) contributed to the negative reception of her works in Cuba, Merlin's textual representation of local speech and, more significantly, her lapses into memoirs and the autobiographical - writing about Cuba not from a spatial perspective alone, but also from a temporal one that retrieved her own childhood in Havana - transform the text's seeming extraterritoriality into the touchstone of much Cuban literature, particularly that of exile. * Period: 1840-44. Byrnes, Giselle M. “"THE IMPERFECT AUTHORITY OF THE EYE": SHORTLAND'S SOUTHERN JOURNEY AND THE CALLIGRAPHY OF COLONISATION.” History and Anthropology [Great Britain] 1994 8(1-4): 207-235. Abstract: Edward Shortland's account of his travels on the South Island of New Zealand in 1843-44 illustrates the interplay between "native" and explorer in colonial mapping through the collaborative role played by Maori in creating a scientific and exploratory discourse. Shortland was motivated more by curiosity than any economic motive, the Maori he employed or met with acted as hosts, guides, and navigators, and he used maps drawn by Maoris in the creation of his own maps. The apparently homogenous discourse of colonization is in fact based on a dialogue between colonizer and colonized. * Period: 1843-44. Enoch, Harry G. “THE TRAVELS OF JOHN HANKS: RECOLLECTIONS OF A KENTUCKY PIONEER.” Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 1994 92(2): 131-148. Abstract: John Hanks (1767-1840), frontiersman, farmer, and Indian fighter, migrated westward with his family into eastern Kentucky. Between 1838 and 1840, he recounted memories of many of his experiences to Reverend John Dabney Shane. Those accounts, contained in the Draper Manuscripts Collection, form the basis for this article. Although Hanks's accounts cover a number of historical events, many of them center around the relationship of the whites to the Native Americans they encountered. * Period: ca 1770-1840. Wheatland, Henry; Moir, Rob, ed. “HENRY WHEATLAND'S JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE TO THE AZORES.” Peabody Essex Museum Collections 1994 130(1): 36-54. Abstract: Introduces and prints the diary of Henry Wheatland, a young Harvard medical graduate who traveled to the Azores in 1839 as an escort to the young sons of Stephen Clarenson Phillips, the mayor of Salem, Massachusetts. His journal of the voyage focuses on the weather and natural history: the fish and whales observed on the ship, the plants, minerals, and animals observed on the islands, and his enjoyment of the "sulphereous" baths. * Period: 1839. Liebersohn, Harry. “DISCOVERING INDIGENOUS NOBILITY: TOCQUEVILLE, CHAMISSO, AND ROMANTIC TRAVEL WRITING.” American Historical Review 1994 99(3): 746-766. Abstract: The French Revolution transformed the descriptions that elite European travelers made of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Oceania. Even as the revolution ended the romantic discourse of a primordial nobility in Europe, travelers and writers Alexis de Tocqueville and Adelbert von Chamisso were able to displace this discourse onto the New World "Other" and experience it abroad. Instead of seeing American Indians as exemplars of natural reason, the "noble savage" of prerevolutionary writing, upper-class Europeans now described them as embodiments of honor and warrior valor, a kind of indigenous nobility or "savage noble." Tocqueville and Chamisso are understood as ambivalent liberals who believed in commerce and democracy but lamented their destructive impact on non-Europeans. Their writings contributed to a travel literature that revived noble values in 19th-century Europe. * Period: 1815-35. Liebersohn, Harry. “DISCOVERING INDIGENOUS NOBILITY: TOCQUEVILLE, CHAMISSO, AND ROMANTIC TRAVEL WRITING.” American Historical Review 1994 99(3): 746-766. Abstract: The French Revolution transformed the descriptions that elite European travelers made of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Oceania. Even as the revolution ended the romantic discourse of a primordial nobility in Europe, travelers and writers Alexis de Tocqueville and Adelbert von Chamisso were able to displace this discourse onto the New World "other" and experience it abroad. Instead of seeing American Indians as exemplars of natural reason, the "noble savage" of prerevolutionary writing, upper-class Europeans now described them as embodiments of honor and warrior valor, a kind of indigenous nobility or "savage noble." Tocqueville and Chamisso are understood as ambivalent liberals who believed in commerce and democracy but lamented their destructive impact on non-Europeans. Their writings contributed to a travel literature that revived noble values in 19th-century Europe. * Period: 1815-35. Rush, Dorothy C. “EARLY ACCOUNTS OF TRAVEL TO THE FALLS OF THE OHIO: A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH SELECTED QUOTATIONS, 1765-1833.” Filson Club History Quarterly 1994 68(2): 232-266. Abstract: Includes a 45-entry bibliography of accounts in the Filson Club library that mention the Falls of the Ohio, or Louisville, Kentucky. These accounts, covering 1765-1833, all were originally published in historical journals, various monographs, large collections, or rare first editions. Many of the descriptions are repetitious, but these day-by-day accounts served as guidebooks for early travelers as well as later visitors. * Period: 1765-1833. Duarte, Mary T.; Gould, Eliga H. (commentary). “RESTORATION FRANCE THROUGH THE EYES OF BRITISH WOMEN TRAVELLERS.” Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers 1994: 343-351. Abstract: Spotlights travel journals, letters, and books published by Englishwomen who ventured to France after the peace in 1814. Contemporaries respected accounts by these astute political and social witnesses: Lady Charlotte Bury (1775-1861), Lady Frances Shelley, Countess Harriet Granville, Lady Morgan (Sydney Owenson, ca. 1775-1859), Fanny d'Arblay (1752-1850), Helen Maria Williams (1762-1827), and others. Their observations and opinions, at first generally favorable, then increasingly critical, helped shape British perceptions of Restoration France and the French. * Period: 1814-17. Slezkine, Yuri. “NATURALISTS VERSUS NATIONS: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN SCHOLARS CONFRONT ETHNIC DIVERSITY.” Representations 1994 (47): 170-195. Abstract: Discusses how 18th-century Muscovite travelers and scholars sought to comprehend, explain, and classify the ethnic diversity of the Russian empire. * Period: 18c. Murphy, Geraldine. “OLAUDAH EQUIANO, ACCIDENTAL TOURIST.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 1994 27(4): 551-568. Abstract: Olaudah Equiano, an 18th-century slave kidnapped from West Africa and sent to the West Indies and England, recorded his experiences in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (1789). Equiano was able to purchase his freedom at an early age and began to travel on trading expeditions throughout the world. Equiano's narrative is unique in that it is half slave narrative and half travel account. He acquired many Western modes of thinking and his narrative often incongruously combines slave experiences and European imperialistic attitudes. Equiano became a "dissident colonialist" in spite of himself. * Period: 18c. Shuffelton, Frank. “CIRCUMSTANTIAL ACCOUNTS, DANGEROUS ART: RECOGNIZING AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE IN TRAVELERS' NARRATIVES.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 1994 27(4): 589-603. Abstract: Studies several 18th-century travelers' accounts of life in North America that attempt to objectively document all aspects of colonial life but rarely mention African-American slave life. Those few details that are recorded show that a creative and sophisticated African-American culture did exist, but the narratives did not recognize them as meaningful or unique. These narratives shaped the opinions of many about life in colonial America while denying African-American culture the place that it deserves in the creation of a uniquely American culture. * Period: 18c. Purdue, A. W. “JOHN AND HARRIET CARR: A BROTHER AND SISTER FROM THE NORTH-EAST ON THE GRAND TOUR.” Northern History [Great Britain] 1994 30: 122-138. Abstract: The Grand Tour was an important part of the life of wealthy English people during the 18th century. From 1788 to 1790, John Carr, the son of a wealthy merchant of Newcastle, traveled in Europe; then, during the years 1791-94, traveled on the continent with his sister Harriet. Both were in their early twenties and left a detailed, although undoubtedly censored, record of their experiences in a collection of letters written to their father in Newcastle. These letters document that education, curiosity, entertainment, and health concerns all motivated their travel, which, although sometimes difficult, proved very rewarding to both of them. * Period: 1788-94. Carozzi, Albert V. and Carozzi, Marguerite. “FRANZ JOSEPH MARTER, TRAVEL COMPANION OF JOHANN DAVID SCHOPF IN A JOURNEY FROM PHILADELPHIA TO FLORIDA AND THE BAHAMAS IN 1783-1784.” Earth Sciences History 1994 13(1): 5-20. Abstract: Two years before Johann David Schopf (1752-1800), educated in Germany, published his Beytrage zur Mineralogischen (1787), Franz Joseph Marter (1753-1827), an Austrian scientist, wrote letters to Austria from Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, East Florida, and the Bahamas that described plants, animals, and geological features. These letters were speedily printed in Physikalische Arbeiten in Vienna during 1785-86. Marter's geological observations, translated here, of various rocks along the Schuylkill River, upstream from Philadelphia, and his interpretation of the fossiliferous sandstones in the Appalachian mountains resemble those made by Schopf. Marter's observations of shell banks, either in inland ditches, or in cliffs at Yorktown, Virginia, and Wilmington, North Carolina, as well as his description of granite and of a large coal mine near Richmond, Virginia, are also similar to Schopf's. Both men also made similar observations of limestone cliff formations in the Bahamas. The two had in fact traveled together from Philadelphia to the Bahamas during 1783-84, although neither man acknowledged the influence each exerted on the other, probably for political reasons. * Period: 1780's. Davies, Caryl. “"ROMANTIC JONES": THE PICTURESQUE AND POLITICS ON THE SOUTH WALES CIRCUIT, 1775-1781.” National Library of Wales Journal [Great Britain] 1994 28(3): 255-278. Abstract: The correspondence of Sir William Jones (1746-94) reflects in an informal way many of the experiences and reactions of travelers in Wales during the 1770's and 1780's, particularly his letters to his former pupil, Lord Althorp (2d Earl Spencer, 1758-1834). This was a period of transition when the Industrial Revolution was changing the land, and when the "romantic," "picturesque," and "sublime" landscape affected the onlooker in a new way. Jones was counsel at the Great Sessions and his experiences reinforced his native feeling for the oppressed and underpriveleged, as well as encouraging his desire for political reform, the freedom of the individual, and the independence of peoples. * Period: 1775-81. Wallace, Lee. “TOO DARN HOT: SEXUAL CONTACT IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS ON COOK'S THIRD VOYAGE.” Eighteenth-Century Life 1994 18(3): 232-242. Abstract: Although late-18th-century British explorers to the Hawaiian Islands wrote in their journals about homosexual activity among tribal chieftains and their subordinates as well as interest by the natives in some European men, homosexuality among the British naval explorers (which carried a punishment of hanging under the Articles of War) was not discussed openly in journals or in interpretations of naval-themed classics of the period such as Mutiny on the Bounty and Billy Budd. * Period: 1770's. Fogleman, Aaron S., ed., transl. “WOMEN ON THE TRAIL IN COLONIAL AMERICA: A TRAVEL JOURNAL OF GERMAN MORAVIANS MIGRATING FROM PENNSYLVANIA TO NORTH CAROLINA IN 1766.” Pennsylvania History 1994 61(2): 206-234. Abstract: Salome Meurer, a 16-year-old Moravian woman, kept a travel journal of her 450-mile journey from Pennsylvania to the Wachovia tract in North Carolina in 1766. There were 18 females and two males in the party. On the journey, the Moravian women encountered a number of men of low character who sexually harassed them. The article includes a minister's description of their arrival at Bethabara. * Period: 1766. Stubseid, Anna Stella Karlsdottir. “TRAVELOGUES AS INDICES OF THE PAST.” Journal of Popular Culture 1993 26(4): 89-100. Abstract: Nineteenth-century travelogues can serve as important tools for understanding the past, but scholars must be clear on the devices of the travelogue genre in order to determine the accuracy of the events and people reported upon. The area of Setesdal in southern Norway served as an important destination for several types of travelers throughout the 19th century because of its perceived cultural and geographic isolation. All the travelogues that reported on Setesdal reflected the romantic nationalism of the era and the area was often touted as one of the best places to experience the "old," "true," Norway. Consequently, travel writers revealed more about their feelings for a modern nation of Norway than Setesdal itself. The travelogue writer also wrote to entertain the reader with the exotic, and so Setesdal was described in terms that rarely reflected what was normal for people of the area. Though not writing to entertain a wide audience, scholars who traveled to the area also focused on those characteristics of Setesdal that confirmed its interest in their eyes. Consequently, they recorded what seemed primitive about the place and ignored the rest. Though travelogues greatly distorted their subject matter, some details can still be relied upon by the historian. Perhaps the greatest value of travelogues, however, is not what they relate about the subjects they describe but what they can tell us about their authors and readers. * Period: 19c. Ronda, James P. “CALCULATING OURAGON.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 1993 94(2-3): 120-140. Abstract: Using geographic and physical descriptions from the published reports and journals of a number of early travelers to the Pacific Northwest, delineates 18th- and 19th-century visions of Oregon, or, as it was known, "Ouragon." Ouragon represented the West with all its romanticism intact. Reports from seamen James Cook and George Vancouver, explorers Lewis and Clark, and Methodist missionary Jason Lee kindled the public's idyllic ideas that Ouragon "could expand its limits to fulfill the dreams and calculations of every prophet, promoter, and visionary." Unfortunately, the reality of an easy life in what was expected to be Utopia did not always prove as attainable as some had allowed themselves to believe. * Period: 18c-19c. Law, Robin. “THE "AMAZONS" OF DAHOMEY.” Paideuma [Germany] 1993 39: 245-260. Abstract: Discusses accounts by 18th- and 19th-century European travelers of a group of female warriors attending the king of Dahomey, noting their origins, social status, and military importance. * Period: 1726-1890. Boag, Peter G. “OVERLANDERS AND THE SNAKE RIVER REGION: A CASE STUDY OF POPULAR LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION IN THE EARLY WEST.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 1993 84(4): 122-129. Abstract: Surveys 84 overland journals written by average citizens who traveled the Oregon and California trails between 1836 and 1860 to discern their perceptions of the Snake River desert of present-day southern Idaho. Because this area extended for several hundred miles and lacked topographical variation, it often received characterization as a monotonous place. Yet when overlanders came across an unusual rock formation, line of bluffs, waterfall, or picturesque vista, these travelers often overdramatized the scene and judged it as bigger and better than similar scenes in Europe or the eastern United States. * Period: 1836-60. Boag, Peter G. “"THE INDIANS OF THIS PLACE ARE SNAKES IN THE GRASS": THE OVERLANDER PERSPECTIVE ON NATIVE AMERICANS IN SOUTHERN IDAHO, 1836-1860.” Idaho Yesterdays 1993 37(3): 16-26. Abstract: Using travelers' journals, describes the changing perceptions of Indians on the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho. Until about 1850 travelers regarded the few Indians they encountered as friendly and helpful. In the early 1850's overlanders became much more apprehensive about Indians and encounters became more hostile and violent. * Period: 1836-60. Stanciu, Ion. “THE ROMANIANS AS VIEWED BY AMERICAN TRAVELLERS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY.” Revue Roumaine d'Histoire [Romania] 1993 32(1-2): 35-46. Abstract: The first reports of travelers from the United States visiting the Romanian principalities belong to the period after the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29. Unlike some European travelers, they were not obviously motivated by political or commercial interests, though there was increasing curiosity about political issues in tune with American sensitivity to liberal causes. A possible early visitor was J. L. Stephens, and later travelers included Vincent Nolte (ca. 1840) and Valentine Mott (ca. 1835-41). The major travel book referring to the Romanians was that of James O. Noyes, who was in Wallachia in 1854. Also of interest are the accounts of Robert Dodge (1847) and Charles Brace (b. 1826), who described Romanians in Hungary and was arrested by the Austrian authorities in Oradea in 1851. American reports mainly highlighted the particular impact of Romanian realities in the United States and rendered an image bearing the sensitiveness and life experience of 19th-century Americans. * Period: 1820's-58. Download 0.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
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