Grangers (the Grange) This was a group of American farmers who united in the late 19th century to lobby Congress to pass laws protecting them from unfair business practices of large industry.
Great Compromise At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, this deal used parts of the "Virginia" plan and the "New Jersey" plan to create a Congress with 2 houses, one with representation based population and one with representation being equal.
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Great Depression This was a period of global economic crisis that lasted from 1929 to 1939. There was widespread poverty and high unemployment.
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Great Migration This was the large movement of African Americans from the Southern U.S. to the Northern U.S. in the early-20th century.
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Great Society This is the name given to President Lyndon B. Johnson's domestic programs, among them VISTA, Job Corps, Head Start, the "War on Poverty," and the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
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Great White Fleet This was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 by order of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. It consisted of four squadrons, each consisting of a battleship with escorts. Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American military power and blue-water navy capability.
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Greensboro This North Carolina town was the site of a series of sit-ins staged by SNCC in 1960.
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Gregg V Georgia This Supreme Court case, decided in 1975, more clearly defined "due process," holding that the application of the death penalty is neither a violation of the Eighth nor Fourteenth Amendments.
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Grimke Sisters They were two South Carolina sisters who were active abolitionists and early women's rights activists.
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Guam This tiny island island became a territory of the United States following the Spanish American War.
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Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution This was an agreement in Congress that facilitated an increase of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
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Habeas Corpus This court order (writ) requires a person to be brought before a judge.
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Hamas This organization was formed to create an Islamic state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and it has been identified as a potential terrorist threat to the United States and Israel.
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Harlem Renaissance This was the period during 1920s of outstanding creativity centered in New York's black ghetto.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe This was a U.S. philanthropist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.
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Harriet Tubman She was an escaped slave who led hundreds of other slaves to freedom via the "Underground Railroad."
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Harry Truman He was 33rd President of the United States, taking over after the death of Franklin Roosevelt, and was responsible for giving the orders to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945.
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Hatch Act This 1887 law helped establish experimental farming stations in the American West, allowing agricultural information to reach farmers more quickly.
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Haymarket Riot This is the origin of May Day. It began on May 1, 1886 with a strike by a local Chicago labor union that ended in a police force wounding several and killing two.
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Hearst This powerful newspaper man owned- among others- the "San Francisco Examiner," "The New York Journal," and was also known for helping create "yellow journalism".
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Helen Hunt Jackson She wrote "A Century of Dishonor" (1881) which detailed the poor treatment of Indians by the United States.
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Hemingway He was an American author whose works included "For Whom the Bell Tolls," "A Farewell to Arms," and "The Sun Also Rises."
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Henry Cabot Lodge This Massachusetts senator is best known for his battle with President Woodrow Wilson over the Treaty of Versailles, which the United States Senate never ratified.
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Henry Ford This was the founder of an automobile company and the first person to apply assembly line manufacturing to affordable automobiles.
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Herbert Hoover He was the 31st President of the U.S. He was progressive, humanitarian and Republican. He lost favor with the American public due to the Great Depression and his ill-fated technical solutions.
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Hezbollah This is the name for a Lebanese-based paramilitary and political group whose goals are to resist imperialist influence and Israeli power in the region.
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Higher Education Act Of 1965 This "Great Society" legislation was designed “to strengthen the educational resources of our colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students in postsecondary and higher education.”
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Hirohito He was the leader of Japan before, during, and after World War II.
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Hiroshima This is the Japanese city that was the first to be subjected to nuclear warfare to bring about the end of WWII.
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Hitler This was the totalitarian leader of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Ho Chi Minh Trail This is the name of the network of small roads and paths throughout eastern Cambodia and were used by North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
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Ho Chi Minh He was the Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1946-1969 and led North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
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Holocaust This was the act of genocide carried out by Germany on the Jewish population of Europe.
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Homeland Security This Cabinet-level Federal agency was created in 2002 in the wake of the September 11 attacks and is charged with protecting the country from future terrorist attacks and providing aid after natural disasters.
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Hoover Blanket This was the popular name for old newspapers that were used by the homeless as bedding during the Great Depression, so named because president Herbert Hoover was blamed for the economic crisis.
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Horatio Alger He was a 19th-century United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty.
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Horizontal Merger This is the merger of businesses that produce similar products.
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House Of Burgesses This was the first representative government in North America located in Virginia, but the Virginia Company had to approve any laws it passed.
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HUAC This is the name of the group in the House of Representatives that, in 1947, began hearings to expose communist infiltration in American life. Unfortunately, a good deal of the evidence they used was based on hearsay and conjecture, meaning innocent people were harmed by their findings.
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Huey Long He was a Louisiana Democrat who served as both Governor and Senator. He proposed more radical methods than Roosevelt's New Deal, entitled Share Our Wealth. He had Presidential ambitions, but was assassinated in 1935.
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Hull House This was one of the first settlement houses in the US established in 1889 by Jane Addams in Chicago, Illinois.
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Hunley This Confederate submarine was introduced to battle in 1864, but was ineffective in combat.
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Hydrogen Bomb This type of weapon uses nuclear fusion to produce a shock and fire wave that is the most destructive man-made force in the world.
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Ida Tarbell She was a leading muckracker who wrote the 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company.
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Ida Wells Barnett Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement who advocated for antilynching legislation
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Immigration Act Of 1924 This act limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890.
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Impeachment This is the formal accusation against a Federal (or state) official for wrong-doing while in office. It is the first step in the process of removing the official from office.
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Imperialism This is a policy of countries to extend their political and economic control over distant lands.
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Implied Powers Powers that are not expressed but that the government may be inferred to have from another power.
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Impoundment This is the refusal of a President to allow money to be spent for federal programs, an action that has been ruled to be unconstitutional by Supreme Court decisions.
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Indentured Servants In U.S. History, this is the name for people who were forced into labor for a certain period of time in return for their paid passage to North America.
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Indigo This is bluish dye that was a major cash crop in colonial South Carolina and Georgia.
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Industrial Revolution This was a series of economic and technological changes in the Western World 18th - 20th centuries, which brought about the extensive mechanization of production systems.
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Inflation A rise in the general level of prices.
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Information Revolution This is the term used to describe the impact of television, satellites, and computers on modern culture and the world economy.
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Initiative In political science, this provides a means by which a document signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a proposed statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or it can require the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject. It is a form of direct democracy.
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Innovation This is the creation of an improvement of a product that already exists.
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Integration This is the process of creating equal opportunity to activities to all races.
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Internet This information-sharing network began to evolve in the mid-Twentieth Century as a United States Government project to help the military communicate better, though now it can be used by everyone to read news, play games, and stay in touch with each other.
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Internment This is a term referring to the imprisonment or confinement of people, generally in prison camps or prisons, without due process of law and a trial.
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Internment This is a term referring to the imprisonment or confinement of people, generally in prison camps or prisons, without due process of law and a trial.
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Interstate Commerce Act This was a law created in 1887 to regulate railroads to ensure fair rates, eliminate rate discrimination, and regulate other aspects of common carriers.
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Interstate Commerce Commission This was a governmental agency formed in 1887 by Grover Cleveland to regulate railroads.
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Interstate Highway System This is a network of highways in the United States created by President Eisenhower.
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Interventionism This is a policy of advocating participation in foreign countries affairs.
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Invention This is the creation of a unique and new product.
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Iran The Ayatollah Khomeini was a Shia Muslim cleric who was responsible for leading a revolution here in 1979.
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Iran-Contra Affair This is the name given to the complex series of events in the mid-1980s in which arms were illegally sold by a covert group of military advisors in the United States to a country in the Middle East for cash and their help in getting western hostages released from the Middle East. Also illegal was the use of the money from the illegal arms sales to illegally purchase arms for a group of revolutionary fighters in Nicaragua.
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Irish Potato Famine This term refers to an event in the mid-1800s. The poor of Ireland were dependent on one crop, and when that crop failed, about a million people died.
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Iron Curtain This is a western name for the boundary which symbolically and physically divided Europe from the end of WWII until the end of the Cold War.
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Isolationism This is a policy of nonparticipation in international affairs.
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Israel This country was formed in 1947 from the land once known as Palestine and has served as a homeland for the Jewish people.
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J. P. Morgan He was a U.S. banker and financier who was a leader in corporate finance and industrial mergers in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
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Jackie Robinson This was the first African-American major league baseball player. He played second base for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
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Jacob Riis Influenced the progressive movement through exposing the conditions of New York's working class in "How the Other Half Lives"
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James Meredith In 1962, this African American Air Force veteran won a federal case that allowed him to enroll in the University of Mississippi, an all-white school.
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Jamestown This was the first permanent English colony in the New World.
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Jane Addams She was a founder of Hull House, a settlement house that helped immigrants of the late 19th century become acclimated to life in the United States, and was a pioneer in the field of social work.
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Jazz Age This is a period during the 1920s when the national attitude was positive and upbeat, and Americans had money as the stock market soared. Traditional values saw a decline, and Modernism was the cultural focus.
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Jefferson Davis This politician from Mississippi was once Secretary of War for President Franklin Pierce, thought he is more known for being the first and only President of the Confederate States of America.
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Jefferson He was the third president of the United States, a founding father, and the author of the Declaration of Independence.
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Jim Crow Laws Laws requiring that facilities and accommodations, public and private, be segregated by race.
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Jimmy Carter This 39th president of the United States served from 1977 to 1981, was the first President to be elected from the Deep South since 1848, served as both a Georgia Senator and Governor of Georgia, and received the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.
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Jingoism This is the name given a warlike, belligerent stance that urges the "bullying" of other countries in order to benefit the person's own country. It is associated with the Age of Imperialism, particularly the Spanish-American War.
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John Adams He was one of the writers and signers of the Declaration of Independence, the first Vice President, and the Second U.S. President.
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John Brown This abolitionist was executed in 1859 after leading a failed attempt at armed slave insurrection at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
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John Brown's Raid On October 16, 1859, 22 armed men took 60 prominent locals of Harper's Ferry hostage and seized the town's United States arsenal and its rifle works to spark a rebellion of freed slaves and to lead an army of emancipation.
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John C. Calhoun He was a South Carolina politician and Vice President under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. He was a spokesperson for slavery, nullification and states' rights.
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John D. Rockefeller The New York industrialist who made hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th century with this Standard Oil Company and pioneered the corporate strategy of vertical integration.
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John Locke This was a British philosopher who argued that governments only purpose was to protect man's natural rights.
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John Marshall This was the "Great Chief Justice," he presided over the case of Marbury v. Madison and was remembered as the principal founder of the U.S. system of constitutional law.
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John Smith He was an English soldier and sailor, who is now remembered helping to establish Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in North America.
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Joseph McCarthy This Wisconsin senator gained fame by making claims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government.
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Joseph Stalin He was the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 through 1953.
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Judicial Review This is the power of a court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or agent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of justice.
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Julius And Ethel Rosenberg This couple was executed by the United States government in 1953 on charges of conspiracy related to the sale of information about the atomic bomb to the U.S.S.R.
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Kansas Nebraska Act In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced this to the Senate, to allow states to enter the Union with or without slavery.
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Kennedy Nixon Debates These were the first presidential debates held on television in 1960 and helped influence the outcome of a very close race.
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