During World War I, conscientious objectors to military service were often accused of disloyalty, and some conscientious objectors were sentenced to prison. However, other conscientious objectors were willing to accept noncombatant service.
The assignment of conscientious objectors to noncombatant service was an attempt by the government to
Promote ethnic diversity within the military
Educate people about their constitutional rights
Balance individual rights and the common good
Encourage people to apply for conscientious objector status
During World War I, two revolutions took place in Russia while Russia was at war with Germany. Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution said:
“There can be no doubt that our army is absolutely in no condition…to beat back a German offensive successfully…”
V.I. Lenin
The excerpt above could be used to support the thesis that
Lenin had few skills as a military leader
Russia shared in the responsibility for World War I
Lenin believed that Russia should withdraw from World War I
The Bolshevik Revolution had the support of the Russian army
Which of the following reasons created the spark that started World War I?
European alliances
American imperialism
The growth of military power
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Among President Wilson’s Fourteen Points was a proposal to
Disarm all major powers
Form a League of Nations
Create an alliance with Germany
Make Great Britain repay their war debts
In March 1918, Russian Lenin signed a treaty with Germany surrendering the Ukraine, Finland, Poland and other territories to Germany. In doing so, Russia ended its participation in World War I. What effect did Russia’s move have on the war?
It had no effect on the war
It created obstacles for Germany
It reinforced Russia’s alliance with the Allies
It allowed Germany to transfer troops to France.
Though Wilson was able to convince European leaders of the value of the League of Nations, to his great disappointment, the plan caused great dissension in Congress. Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot Lodge stated, “I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league.”
One of the causes of World War I was the nations of Europe had aligned into two alliance systems. Which of the following combination of nations comprised the Triple Alliance?
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Germany, Great Britain, and Russia
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy
Austria-Hungary, France, and Italy
One major result of World War I was
A victorious Germany
A revolution in Russia
A defeated France
A revolution in Great Britain
The international organization created to preserve the peace after World War I was the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United Nations
Organization of American States
League of Nations
The main purpose of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points at the end of World War I was to
Assist the leaders of Europe to gain additional territory at Germany’s expense
Assure peace in the future by not treating Germany as a vanquished nation
Divide Germany into several parts so it would not be a threat in the future
Gain reparations from Germany to help pay for the cost of the war
Which term is defined largely by feelings of intense patriotism?
Neutrality
Militarism
Nationalism
Imperialism
Congress voted to declare war on Germany for several reasons. Which of these did NOT contribute to Congress’s decision to declare war on Germany?
The Zimmerman note
Shared German ancestry
The sinking of the Lusitania
Germany’s submarine warfare
Woodrow Wilson came to the peace conference with one set of goals. Victorious European nations came with different goals. What was the primary goal of the British and French at the Versailles peace conference?
Permitting people in colonized areas to have the right to self-determination
Protecting the rights of national groups to associate with other national groups
Punishing Germany for starting the war and dividing its territory
Some historians call World War I the first industrial war. Several new technologies were developed for warfare. One of the most destructive new weapons used in WWI was
The atomic bomb
The cannon
The fighter jet
Poison gas
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 set events in motion that led to World War I. However, no major war is ever caused by a single event. Another factor that contributed to the outbreak of World War I was
Laissez faire economics
The League of Nations
Intense nationalism
The Bolshevik Revolution
One of Woodrow Wilson’s most important goals after World War I was to establish a League of Nations. What was the main job of the League supposed to be?
Make it unnecessary for the United States to involve itself in international disputes
Provide a way for countries to resolve disputes between them without going to war
Maintain the world economic system so that colonies would no longer be necessary
Hold the nations of Europe responsible for the death and destruction of World War I
The Zimmerman note was a secret telegram sent by Germany to the leaders of Mexico. Why did the Zimmerman note cause outrage among Americans?
It revealed Mexico was getting ready to enter the war on the German side
It promised Mexico that Germany would help it reclaim territory in the U.S. if the United States entered the war against Germany
Zimmerman was passing American secrets to Germany with the help of Mexican leaders
The telegram contained secret messages sent by American leaders its commanders on European battlefields.
The Fourteen Points and the Atlantic Charter were both
Statements of post-war goals for establishing world peace
Plans of victorious nations to divide conquered territories
Military strategies for defeating enemy nations
Agreements between nations to eliminate further development of weapons
Which of the following was a reason for America NOT to fight in WWI?
The Lusitania
The Zimmerman Note
Economic ties to Allies
Wilson’s 1916 Presidential Election
“The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic.”
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
Which interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this statement illustrate?
The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties
Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute
The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties
From 1914-1916, as World War I raged in Europe, Americans were not able to remain neutral in thought as well as action mainly because
United States membership in military alliances required the nation to fight
United States newspapers encouraged a policy of imperialist expansion
The warring powers interfered with the United States right to freedom of the seas
President Woodrow Wilson supported the war aims of Germany and Austria-Hungary
After World War I, the opposition of some members of Congress to the Versailles Treaty was based largely on the idea that the Treaty
Did not punish the Central Powers harshly enough
Did not give the United States an important role in world affairs
Would require the U.S. to join the League of Nations and might result in the loss of power for the United States
Would require the United States to assume the cost of rebuilding the war-torn European economies
The “clear and present danger” ruling of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States illustrates the continuing conflict between
Free speech and governmental authority
The use of search warrants and the rights of the accused
State powers and Federal powers
Religious freedom and separation of church and state
President Wilson’s Fourteen Points were intended to
Make the U.S., Great Britain, and France into leading world powers
Redistribute Germany’s colonies among the Allied nations
Prevent international tensions from leading to another war
Punish Germany for causing World War I
A major reason for the isolationist trend in the United States following World War I was
A desire to continue the reforms of the Progressives
The public’s desire to end most trade with other nations
The failure of the United States to gain new territory
A disillusionment over the outcomes of war
“We are to be an instrument in the hands of God to see that liberty is made secure for mankind.”
-President Woodrow Wilson
President Wilson tried to carry out the idea expressed in this quotation by
Protesting the sinking of the Lusitania
Proposing a program of civil rights for minorities in American society
Taking control of territories conquered in World War I
Which action best demonstrated the United States effort to isolate itself from European conflicts after World War I?
Lowering tariff rates
Attempting to improve relations with Asia
Failing to sign international disarmament agreements
Refusing to join the League of Nations
President Woodrow Wilson’s statement “The world must be made safe for democracy” was made to justify his decision to
End U.S. imperialism in Latin America
Support tariff reform
Send troops to Mexico to capture Pancho Villa
Ask Congress to declare war against Germany
President Wilson’s Fourteen Points were based on the belief that
Military strength is a nation’s best path to world peace
Isolationism should guide international relations
The principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations
Industrial nations should have equal access to colonial possessions
What was a major reason for United States entry into World War I?
To overthrow the czarist government of Russia
To keep Latin America from being attacked by Germans
To maintain freedom of the seas
To break up the colonial empires of the Allies
Which situation was the immediate cause of the United States entry into World War I in 1917?
The League of Nations requested help
The Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor
Nazi tyranny threatened Western democracy
German u-boats sank US merchant ships
Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)?
To keep the United States free from foreign entanglements
To express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany
To avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations
To reduce United States military forces in Europe
Which argument did President Woodrow Wilson use to persuade Congress to enter World War I?
Making the world safe for democracy
Retaliating against the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
Assisting the neutral nations with their defense
Removing the Nazi threat from the Western Hemisphere
Data from the graph above support the conclusion that World War I
Caused the United States trade deficit to increase
Cost the United States many billions of dollars
Was a significant benefit to the American economy
Created an unfavorable balance of trade
Many senators who opposed United States membership in the League of Nations argued that joining the League of Nations would
Involve the nation in future military conflicts
Reduce freedom of the seas
End the country’s free-trade policy
Endanger the nation’s military preparedness
During World War I, many American women helped gain support for the suffrage movement by
Protesting against the war
Joining the military service
Lobbying for childcare facilities
Working in wartime industries
Following World War I, the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles primarily because the treaty
Failed to include most of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Did not punish Germany for starting the war
Contained provisions that might lead the United States into foreign conflicts
Made no provision for reduction of military weapons.
One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was
Establishing a League of Nations
Maintaining a permanent military force in Europe
Returning the United States to a policy of isolationism
Blaming Germany for causing World War I
During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, “He kept us out of war.” In April 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change?
Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy
Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers
Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers
Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare
A major reason the United States entered World War I was to
Gain additional colonial possessions
Safeguard freedom of the seas for the United States ships
At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by
Refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict
Sending troops to aid Great Britain
Declaring American neutrality
Requesting an immediate declaration of war against the aggressors
“…There’s no chance of progress and reform in an administration in which war plays the principal part…”- President-elect Woodrow Wilson, 1913
In this statement, President-elect Wilson was expressing the belief that
The U.S. should enter World War I immediately
Reform movements are strengthened by war
The nation will require a change in leadership if it goes to war
The Progressive movement would be best served by continued peace
One major reason the United States Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles after World War I was that many senators
Were concerned about future United States obligations in foreign affairs
Rejected United States colonial practices in Asia
Wanted immediate repayment of war debts from France
Supported increased foreign aid to Germany
The “clear and present danger” ruling in the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States (1919) confirmed the idea that
Prayer in public schools is unconstitutional
Racism in the United States is illegal
Interstate commerce can be regulated by state governments
Constitutional rights are not absolute
When World War I began, President Wilson wanted the United States to remain neutral because of the nation’s
Ethnic diversity
Economic problems
Military weakness
Secret alliances
Which event was most influential in turning American public opinion against Germany?
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
For President Wilson, the most important part of the peace settlement was
The creation of the League of Nations
Persuading the U.S. Senate to ratify separate treaties with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Ensuring that Italy received the territory it had been promised when it agreed to support the Allies
Punishing Germany so severely that it could never again threaten Europe.
By the fall of 1918, Germany was facing
Food riots, strikes and mutiny in the navy
Inflation
Poison gas
Shortages of wood
Due to congressional opposition and President Wilson’s refusal to negotiate, the United States
Did not send representatives to the peace conference at Versailles
Was not represented on the council of the League of Nations
Did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and never joined the League of Nations
Refused to allow the former Central Powers to join the League of Nations
True or False: The Americans remained completely neutral at the beginning of World War I.
True
False
Which country switched sides during WWI?
Russia
Serbia
Italy
The United States
Which of the following countries was NOT part of the Big Four?
USA
Russia
Italy
France
Which member of the Big Four wanted to ensure an “enduring peace”?
President Woodrow Wilson
Prime Minister David Lloyd Georges
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
Premier Georges Clemenceau
The League of Nations can best be described as a
Peace treaty
Secret alliance
Mutual defense agreement
Declaration of war
How did World War I change the lives of American women?
It broadened job opportunities for them
It delayed the extension of voting rights to women
It made military service mandatory for young women
It increased educational opportunities for women
When World War I began, President Wilson wanted the United States to remain neutral because of the nation’s
Ethnic diversity