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Report No: 78283 and ACS2876
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Republic of Cameroon
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CM-Cross-Border Trade Between Nigeria and CEMAC Countries
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Estimating Trade Flows, Describing Trade Relationships, and Identifying Barriers to Cross-Border Trade between Cameroon and Nigeria
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May 7, 2013
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AFTP3
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AFRICA
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Standard Disclaimer:
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This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
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Copyright Statement:
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The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/.
All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org.
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This report was written by a team consisting of Mombert Hoppe (PRMPI, task team leader), Barbara Rippel (AFTPM), Elisa Gamberoni (PRMGE), José Daniel Reyes (PRMTR), Dirck Stryker, Mukhtar Amin, Abdoulbagui Mohamadou, Luc Foleu, Louis Ndumbe, and Perpetua Ahone (consultants). Peer reviewers were Paul Brenton (AFTPM), Ian Gillson (PRMTR), and Faustin-Ange Koyasse (AFPT3). Useful guidance and comments were received from Raju Singh, Peter Taniform, John Litwack, and Jean Kanyamuhanda. Maps have been cleared with GSD on October 19. The team is extremely grateful to Sylvie Ndze for administrative support, and for editing the final report.
Executive Summary 6
Background 13
Drivers for Cross-Border Trade 16
Historical and Cultural Relations 16
Economic Factors 20
Policy Distortions 21
Reality of Cross-Border Trade 27
Magnitude of Existing Trade Flows 29
Detailed estimates for trade flows and products 31
Actors, Processes, and Procedures in Cross-Border Trade 35
Participants in Trade 35
Trade Procedures in Practice 46
Barriers to Cross-Border Trade and Their Relative Importance 52
Quantitative Assessment of Importance of Trade Barriers 59
Potential for Expanded Trade and Economic Activity 68
Response to Trade Stimulus 73
Main Findings and Prioritized Policy Recommendations 74
Policy recommendations 78
Annex A: Case Studies 85
Annex B: Assessment of Economic and Financial Impact of Enugu-Bamenda Road Improvement 94
Annex C: Official & Unofficial Payments along the Onitsha-Bamenda Corridor 95
Annex D: Benchmarking Cross-Border Trade between Cameroon and Nigeria 97
Annex E: Trade Policies in Cameroon and Nigeria 102
Annex F: Major Trade Corridors between Cameroon and Nigeria 112