Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review
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Côte d’Ivoire Urbanization ReviewDiversified Urbanization June 12th, 2015 The World Bank ContentsAcknowledgments 7 Executive Summary 8 Overview Chapter: Rethinking Ivorian Cities 12 Cities, Growth, and Productivity in Côte d’Ivoire 13 Urbanization: dynamics and policy responses 17 A typology of Ivorian cities: Global, Regional, and Domestic Connectors 21 Global Connectors 24 Regional Connectors 25 Domestic Connectors 25 Rethinking Ivorian Cities: Better Planning, Connecting, Greening, and Financing 25 Planning 26 Connecting 30 Greening 35 Financing 38 References 40 Chapter 1: Planning Cities 42 Current state of urban development in Côte d’Ivoire 42 Population growth 43 Urban infrastructure and access to basic services 44 The housing challenge 47 Main drivers of urbanization challenges 51 Outdated planning regulations 52 Parallel tenure systems 56 Undeveloped land: a public or private resource? 57 Preparing land for urban purposes 58 Delivering urban services 59 Affordable housing delivery 60 Looking ahead: priorities for action 61 Improving land market fluidity 61 Expanding service delivery 64 Simpler and more efficient planning 66 References 68 Chapter 2: Connecting Cities 70 Intra-urban mobility 70 Limited internal connections in Abidjan 71 Coordinating land use for intra-urban connectivity 73 Inter-urban connectivity 74 Road infrastructure 74 Transport costs 76 International connectivity 80 Maritime connectivity 80 Air connectivity 81 Rail connectivity 82 ICT connectivity 82 References 84 Chapter 3: Greening Cities 85 Why think about greening cities? 86 How green are Ivorian cities? 88 Urban pollution in Côte d’Ivoire effects productivity and livability 88 Unreliable basic services increase the social, economic, and environmental pressures of pollution from urban activities. 91 Coordination failures increase the costs of pollution from urban mobility and industrial activity 92 A green toolbox: instruments for decision makers 95 Building a data collection and dissemination platform 96 Improving the quality and coverage of basic services 98 Integrated planning 101 References 104 Chapter 4: Financing Cities 109 Moves to devolve responsibility and finance 109 Aims of decentralization of municipal services 110 Incomplete and inconsistent decentralization 112 Municipal finance and expenditures 114 Regulatory framework governing municipal finance 114 Total municipal revenues 115 Intergovernmental fiscal transfers 116 Local revenues and borrowing 119 Inadequate municipal finances for investment 121 Strengthening the system for municipal finance and expanding financing opportunities 123 Consolidating, harmonizing, and enforcing the legal and regulatory framework for municipal financing 125 Intervening to strengthen the intergovernmental fiscal framework 125 Strengthening the local revenue base 126 Following up on specific new areas for municipal financing 126 References 126 Abbreviations
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Report No: AUS10013
