What is the process of television news production?
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- 2. Story Selection
- 5. Anchoring and Reporting
- What does a TV news producer do
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What is the process of television news production? The process of television news production involves several stages: 1. News Gathering: Reporters and journalists collect information through research, interviews, and on-the-ground reporting. 2. Story Selection: Editors and producers determine which stories are newsworthy and relevant to the target audience. 3. Script Writing: Journalists write scripts, outlining the key points and structure of the news story. 4. Filming and Editing: Camera operators capture footage, interviews, and visuals on location. Editors then edit the footage, selecting the best shots and arranging them into a cohesive sequence. 5. Anchoring and Reporting: News anchors and reporters present the news on camera, either live or recorded, following the prepared scripts and incorporating visuals. 6. Post-production: Graphics, titles, and additional elements are added to enhance the presentation of the news story. 7. Broadcasting: The final edited news package is aired on television, reaching the audience through scheduled news bulletins or dedicated news programs. Throughout the process, ethical considerations, fact-checking, and adherence to journalistic principles are crucial to ensure accuracy, fairness, and impartiality in reporting the news. What does a TV news producer do? A TV news producer is responsible for overseeing the production of news segments or programs. Their role involves a range of tasks, including editorial decision-making, story selection, scriptwriting, coordinating with reporters and journalists, managing production teams, and ensuring smooth execution of the news broadcast. Producers work closely with editors, camera operators, anchors, and reporters to create engaging and informative news content. They are also involved in post-production processes such as editing, graphics, and packaging. TV news producers play a vital role in maintaining the quality, accuracy, and timeliness of news production while ensuring that the content meets the requirements and standards of the network or station. METHODS OF GATHERING NEWS LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize the most commonly used methods of gathering Navy news. The four most commonly used methods in news gathering used by Navy journalists are observation, telephone conversations, research and interviews. 1. OBSERVATION Observation consists of your actually seeing an event take place and then reporting what you have seen in the form of a news story. The difference between a good story and a poor one is often in the skill of the observer. Skilled observers use their eyes, ears, mind, notebooks and tape recorders. They make sure they get the concrete facts, specific figures and accurate information. They look for the colorful, the dramatic or the unusual in any situation. Skilled observers always try to get more information than they actually need. They know it is easier to discard excess material than to retrace their steps after the story is cold. Developing your powers of observation can come only through experience. You cannot become a skilled observer by simply reading a book. The key to becoming a good observer is to look for more than you see on the surface. 2. TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS The telephone plays an important role in your daily work as a journalist. It saves you time, legwork and it often enables you to reach people who are ordinarily too busy to see you in person. Telephone conversations may range from full-scale interviews to brief queries to verify or amplify information. But regardless of how often you use this method of news gathering, you should keep the following points in mind: a. Know what information you want before you dial. Keep your pencil and paper handy. Do not call someone and then ask that person to wait while you look for writing materials. b. Speak politely indistinct, well-modulated tones. c. Be cheerful and businesslike. d. Make sure you get your facts straight. Ask the other person to repeat figures or spell out names. e. Avoid three-way conversations among yourself, the person on the telephone and somebody else in your office. f. Recheck your information by reading it back to the person who has given it to you. g. Record the conversation using a "telephone pick-up" (a device that attaches to the telephone receiver and plugs into the microphone jack of the cassette tap recorder). Be sure to inform the person on the other end that you are recording the conversation for note-taking purposes only. Although a telephone is a very useful instrument, remember it is not the only, and not necessarily the best, method of gathering news. It should supplement, but not replace, all other methods. Whenever it is proper and convenient, use the telephone, but do not be afraid to engage in a little legwork. 3. RESEARCH
4. INTERVIEWS About 90 percent of everything in a news story is based on some form of interviewing - either in person, by telephone, or occasionally, by correspondence. As a Navy journalist in search of information, you must learn who to get information from and how to record facts. You must learn techniques for handling different kinds of people - how to draw some out, how to keep others on the topic and how to evaluate the motives or honesty of others. In short, you must learn how to get along with people and how to treat them with tact and understanding while still accomplishing your purpose. Types of Interviews A distinction must be made between news stories that are merely based on interviews and actual interview stories. Very seldom is a journalist present at the scene of an accident as it takes place - for example, at a collision between two automobiles. A story of this type must be based entirely on interviews - either in person or by telephone - with the police, with eyewitnesses, with the victims themselves, and depending upon the gravity of the accident, with the garage mechanics, hospital attendants, relatives of the victims and others. In news stories of this kind, the journalist is concerned with a news event that requires interviewing people to learn the facts. The interview story, on the other hand, is essentially a feature built around the views, personality or exploits of an individual or group of individuals. The difference, in most cases, is largely in the emphasis. In writing the interview-based news story, you stress the news, whereas in the interview story, you place the stress on the person being interviewed. Interviews are as varied as the people who grant them, the journalists who conduct them and the news that suggests them. Rarely are interviews so mechanical that they can be reduced to standard formulas or categories. Several types, however, deserve special attention because they are the ones that occur most frequently. They are as follows: News interview, Telephone interview, Casual interview, Personality interview, Symposium interview, News conference, Prepared question interview a. NEWS INTERVIEW. - The news interview is based on "hard news," some event or development of current and immediate interest. Suppose you are a journalist assigned to the staff of Commander, Naval Air Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (COMNAVAIRLANT), and anew supercarrier has been launched for the Navy. Later, you learn the earner will be assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, and you are assigned to write the story. The original news announcement released by the shipyard or naval authorities would most likely contain only the broad, straight facts - cost, size and construction details. A story of this scope is of major interest to the local community of the supercarrier's homeport. Media want more information than is offered in the initial report. By interviewing competent news sources, such as key officers on COMNAVAIRLANT's staff, and asking well-defined, carefully considered questions, you can localize, illuminate, expand and add depth to the original story. When will the ship be commissioned? How will the ship's presence affect the local economy? What will its mission be? When is it expected to join the fleet? To which carrier division will it be assigned? Will there be a flag officer embarked? Has a prospective CO been selected? How will this new carrier strengthen our national defense effort? In any interview, try to speak to the best authority available. Do not settle for the supply clerk if the information you need should come from the CO. b. TELEPHONE INTERVIEW. - The telephone interview, a modified version of the newsinterview, has a number of obvious advantages, and at the same time, it has severallimitations that challenge a resourceful journalist. Ingenuity and clear thinking aresometimes needed to locate a news source when a big story breaks; the power of persuasion is often necessary to elicit information from a reluctant person who can easilyhang up the receiver, and a sympathetic telephone voice is important when you are talkingto a family where tragedy has struck c. CASUAL INTERVIEW. - An accidental encounter between a journalist and a news source on the street or at a social gathering can often result in a tip that arouses the curiosity of a writer. A major news story may be the result after you do some digging. d. PERSONALITY INTERVIEW. - In the personality interview an effort is made to let thereader see the appearance, mannerisms, background and even the character of thesubject.Magazines like the New Yorker have developed this type of interview, called "aprofile," into a high art not easily attained by daily newspapers under the pressure of deadlines. However, with preliminary research on an interviewee's background,intelligent planning of questions and skillful interviewing, a good journalist can let aperson's words and mannerisms bring that individual vividly to life in an interestingnewspaper feature story. e. SYMPOSIUM INTERVIEW. - From time to time, news developments of current interest require a journalist or a team of journalists to seek information not from one or twosources but from a dozen, or perhaps a hundred or more. For example, which of the twopresidential candidates in the television debate made the best impression on the public?How do the residents of a city feel about their football team winning the Super Bowl? Forsome stories - as in a pre-election poll - all of the techniques of a scientific opinionsampling may be required. In other instances, reactions and comments may result in alively feature story. Depending on the subject, the symposium (or group) interview maybring out opinions of importance, entertainment or merely the views of the "man on thestreet" on some subject of general interest. f. NEWS CONFERENCE. - In recent years, an increasingly popular phenomenon of journalismhas developed - the news conference. By presenting news conferences "live" on television,President Kennedy raised them to one of the most potent forces in the public exchange of opinion between the people and their government. For close to 70 years, in a different format, the news conference has been an important source of news. The personinterviewed at a news conference may be the President of the United States, the Chief of Naval Operations, a senior government official, the manager of a big league team, a moviestar plugging a new motion picture or any other person promoting what is believed to be anews story of interest to the public. As in every interview story, preliminary groundwork pays off; a knowledge of the interviewee's background is indispensable. During theinterview, an alertness to story possibilities often leads to unexpected results.Additional details on news conferences are covered later in this chapter.sources of news in journalism and importance of news sources Anything that provides news information for a period of time is said to be a news source. News sources can be a moving person or still documents. Such as people who have witnessed the crime would come to the news source or documents found at the suicide crime spot would be considered as a news source. There are several news sources such asofficial documents, governmental officials, witnesses of the crime scene, the victim itself etc. News sources are required for the both, the journalists and for the audiences. Here weare going to discuss the news sources for both. In earlier days many rulers used the technique of drum beat to convey their messagethrough different people or his officials and many rulers carved their messages on thewalls or rocks to deliver their message. Later in the modern world, all these news sourceswere eliminated and then press took new elements of news sources. In today’s world, wecan see there are totally different news sources. Such as televisions, radio, press release,press conference, newspapers, pressinterviews, institutions such as hospitals, schools,colleges, police stations etc. These are the news sources which are prominent in today’s time: 1. Radio: It is an audio medium used by many in today’s time. We can see people arerelying on Radio as a source of information. Radio is prominent and seen in bothrural and urban areas. People in rural who cannot afford television rely on radio as it is cheap. If we talk about urban areas where we do not see many using radio at theirhouses instead they listen in their cars. Over decades radio has gained popularity andis said is a good source of news. 2. Television: television telecasts their news on television through which othernewspaper takes there sources. It is said to be the most authentic source of news as it has visuals to establish the authenticity. Television helps and provides newspapers togive detailed information to the audience but television news just doesn’t act as thesource to the newspaper but also the audience itself. 3. Newspapers and magazines: these two also act as a good source of news.Newspaper on both the levels national and international provides the best information in details. The newspaper has 5W’s and 1H which gives all the significant information at the starting of the news and further deals with the minor details andsame is done in the magazines. 4. Press release: Press Releases are generally used for the release of a particular news.The Press Release should contain worthwhile material which has some news value. A Press Release should be written in a journalistic style and provide facts andinformation of interest to readers and should cover all aspects of a specific subject.The release should be on current subject and a piece of clear writing without anyambiguity, color or ornamentation but it should at the same time not be generallylengthy. 5.Press notes: The press notes are less formal in character. These are also issued onimportant official matters e.g. raising or lowering of tariff rates, price fixation of foodgrains, subsidy announcement of seeds, fertilizer etc. Apart from the name of department, place and date, a press note mentions headings. Unlike the presscommuniqué, the newspaper can edit or condense the press notes. 6.Handouts: The handouts are issued on a variety of subjects like the day-to-dayactivities of the ministry or departments, VIP speeches, question and answers inParliament or legislature and the developmental programmes of government departments. It covers the name of the PIB or information department. No officialhandout is issued, if the minister or a government official has spoken in his personalcapacity. 7.Press statement: the statements are usually given by known people, then he shareshis statement with media and later this becomes press statement.8.Police station: every event which is of big concern to the police station would befirstly found in the police station. If the reporter wants to know about a crime scenehe would get first-hand information from there.Injournalism, a source is a person, publication, or knowledge other record ordocument that gives timelyinformation. Outside journalism, sources are sometimes known as "news sources". Examples of sources include but are not limited to officialrecords, publications or broadcasts, officials in government or business,organizations or corporations,witnesses of crime, accidents or other events, andpeople involved with or affected by a news event or issue.According to Shoemaker (1996) and McQuail (1994), there are a multitude of factors that tend to condition the acceptance of sources as bona fide by investigativejournalists.Reporters are expected to develop and cultivate sources, especially if they regularly cover a specific topic, known as a "beat". Beat reporters must,however, be cautious of becoming too close to their sources. Reporters often, but not always, give greater leeway to sources with little experience. For example,sometimes a person will say they don't want to talk, and then proceed to talk; if that person is not a public figure, reporters are less likely to use that information.Journalists are also encouraged to be skeptical without being cynical, as per thesaying "If your mother says she loves you, check it out," popularized by theCityNews Bureau of Chicago.[1] As a rule of thumb, but especially when reporting oncontroversy, reporters are expected to use Source: https://www.scribd.com/embeds/523449478/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-fFexxf7r1bzEfWu3HKwf Download 27.13 Kb. Share with your friends:
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