A & An Gi e¨envi Rule-1

35. 
    BAF Shaheen College-15
    

36. 
    BCIC College-15
    

37. 
    Ideal College-15
    

38. 
    Govt. Science College-15
    

1. 
   Cantt Public School & College-15
   
   1. 
      Health is wealth. (Interrogative)
      
   2. 
      There are many students in the class. (Negative)
      
   3. 
      It I were a king! (Assertive)
      
   4. 
      It is a very fine bird. (Exclamatory)
      
   5. 
      Never tell a lie. (Passive)
      

2. 
   Rangpur Govt. College-15
   

3. 
   Police Lines School & College-15
   

4. 
   Thakurgaon Govt College-15
   

5. 
   Lions School & College-15
   
   1. 
      The old sailor shot the albatross. (Passive)
      
   2. 
      At this the sailors were very angry with him. (Negative)
      
   3. 
      Their throats were dry and they couldn’t speak. (Complex)
      
   4. 
      Since the old sailor killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the sailors. (Simple)
      
   5. 
      It was a very unlucky day. (Exclamatory)
      
6. 
   Saidpur Govt. Technical College-15
   

7. 
   Majida Khatun Govt. Women’s College-15
   

1. 
   Hamidpur Al-Hera Degree College-15
   

2. 
   Cantonment College- Jessore -15
   

3. 
   Cantonment Public School & College-15
   

4. 
   Khulna Govt. Girl’s College-15
   

5. 
   Govt. Pioneer Girl’s College-15
   

6. 
   Khulna Collegiate Girl’s School &KCC Women’s College-15
   
   1. 
      A fisherman earns his livelihood by catching fish. (Make it compound)
      
   2. 
      He works hard all day and night. (Make it interrogative)
      
   3. 
      He has no radio and cannot listen to the weather warning. (Make it complex)
      
   4. 
      A fisherman leads a very poor life. (Make it exclamatory)
      
   5. 
      He is not less important than any other person in the society.
      

1. 
   Comilla Victoria Govt. College-15
   

2. 
   Ispahani Public School & College-15
   

3. 
   Comilla Govt. College-15
   

4. 
   Comilla Commerce College-15
   

5. 
   Comilla Shikkha Board Model College-15
   

6. 
   Sonar Bangla College-15
   

7. 
   Mosharraf Hossain Khan CHowdhury University College-15
   
   1. 
      Shylock was a cruel man who lived in Venice. (Simple)
      
   2. 
      He used to lend money on high interest to get more profit. (Complex)
      
   3. 
      People of Venice did not like him. (Affirmative)
      
   4. 
      He was well-known for his generosity. (Active)
      
   5. 
      In fact, he was nobler than most other people of Venice. (Positive)
      
8. 
   Brahmanbaria Govt. College-15
   
   1. 
      Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. (Positive)
      
   2. 
      But it is not as poor as Ethiopia. (Comparative)
      
   3. 
      The poor people lead a miserable life. (Complex)
      
   4. 
      They cannot send their children to school because they are poor. (Simple)
      
   5. 
      It’s a great pity. (Exclamatory)
      
9. 
   Brahmanbaria Govt. Women’s College-15
   
   1. 
      Health is the greatest wealth of a man. (Positive)
      
   2. 
      In order to be healthy, we have to take balanced diet. (Complex)
      
   3. 
      A balanced diet is a food that contains something from each of the three main groups of food. (Simple)
      
   4. 
      They help us to build new cells as old ones die. (Compound)
      
   5. 
      Carbohydrate and fat provide us with the root of our existence named energy. (Passive)
      
10. 
    Nabinagar Govt College-15
    

11. 
    Chandpur Govt. College-15
    

1. 
   [Dhaka Board-16]
   

1. 
   There ia no doubt that Pohela Baishakh is the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh.
   
2. 
   On the first day of the Bengali year, the city roads get so jam packed.
   
3. 
   The day is enjoyed by almost everyone in his own way.
   
4. 
   I do not like gathering, but I enjoy the activities of this day.
   
5. 
   Very few days of the year are as interesting as it.
   

2. 
   [Rajshahi Board-16]
   

1. 
   What an exciting game cricket is!
   
2. 
   This game is enjoyed by people of all ages.
   
3. 
   At present cricket is more popular than all other game in our country.
   
4. 
   In spite of its being a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing cricket.
   
5. 
   Though Bangladesh is a test playing country, its standard is not high.
   

3. 
   [Comilla Board-16]
   

1. 
   They had patriotic zeal and fought for the country.
   
2. 
   No other sons of our nation are as courageous as they.
   
3. 
   They are admired and respected greatly.
   
4. 
   Who denies their contribution to their motherland?
   
5. 
   They will always be remembered by their countrymen to the end.
   

4. 
   [Dinajpur Board-16]
   

1. 
   Is anger anything but a vice?
   
2. 
   It not only is compared to flame but also begets the worst.
   
3. 
   So it should be controlled for our sake.
   
4. 
   He being taken by anger causes a lot of troubles.
   
5. 
   We should realize it and try to be emotionally balanced.
   

5. 
   [Jessore Board-16]
   

1. 
   Helal did not take/accept the money.
   
2. 
   Would that Nasir could see her once!
   
3. 
   At present I live in a comfortable house.
   
4. 
   Everybody admired his speech.
   
5. 
   Though it disturbed him, he did not know the reason.
   

6. 
   [Chittagong Board-16]
   

1. 
   Nobody wants enemy.
   
2. 
   As the heart is formed for love, it cannot be happy without the opportunity of giving and receiving love.
   
3. 
   But you cannot find others to love you without loving them.
   
4. 
   Can you be happy without it?
   
5. 
   Love is divine and everybody wants to love.
   

7. 
   [Sylhet Board-16]
   

1. 
   Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj three hundred years ago.
   
2. 
   He loved his wife Mamtaj very much, and so, he built it as a tomb of his dear wife.
   
3. 
   He made the building with fine white marbles.
   
4. 
   As it rests on a platform of red stone, it looks very nice.
   
5. 
   Very few buildings in the world are as beautiful as the Tajmahal.
   

8. 
   [Barishal Board-16]
   

1. 
   A lot of emphasis is put on the unity by the Chinese.
   
2. 
   The parks are not empty.
   
3. 
   There are lots of parks in the cities and they are clean.
   
4. 
   In the evening many families spend their free time watching television.
   
5. 
   Life becomes dull if there is no recreation.
   

1. 
   [Rajshahi College]
   
   1. 
      Day to day life in Dhaka is not chap.
      
   2. 
      People who live below the poverty line lead a miserable life.
      
   3. 
      Very few problems are as big as price hike for them.
      
   4. 
      Necessary measures have been taken by the government to keep price hike under control.
      
   5. 
      The greedy people are responsible for price spiral.
      
2. 
   [Rajshahi New Govt.
   
   1. 
      The nature of the original commodity may be corrupted by this admixture.
      
   2. 
      It is adulteration which destroys the value or the effectiveness of the finish product.
      
   3. 
      Don’t we have laws and law enforcing agencies to stop the dishonest businessmen?
      
   4. 
      Adulteration of foods and other commodities is on the increase and so their effort has been proved ineffective.
      
   5. 
      Strong public awareness is essential for the fight against adulteration.
      
3. 
   [Rajshahi Govt. City]
   
   1. 
      You have heard the name of the poet Kazi Nazrul Islam.
      
   2. 
      Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of the most famous poets in Bengali literature.
      
   3. 
      The sleeping people of this subcontinent were awakened by his writings.
      
   4. 
      He helped the people so that they could fight for independence.
      
   5. 
      I wish I were a poet like Nazrul.
      
4. 
   [Rajshahi Govt. Women’s]
   
   1. 
      Getting certificates is not as much as education.
      
   2. 
      We have to acquire an enlightened mind which is enriched with the ability of free thinking and rationality.
      
   3. 
      Without being not blind to our feelings, our horizon will be broadened.
      
   4. 
      We should achieve the capability to think from others’ perspective so that we can have an undiased and balanced opinion.
      
   5. 
      Along with this, rationality that gives us a stand leading to better understanding of others and co-existence should equip our mind.
      
5. 
   [Rajshahi University]
   
   1. 
      No other problem in the country is as great as poverty.
      
   2. 
      Many people don’t labour hard and try to better their condition.
      
   3. 
      Fate is only cursed by them.
      
   4. 
      Man is the maker of his own fortune.
      
   5. 
      Without working hard, they cannot remove their poverty.
      
6. 
   [Govt. Azizul Haque College]
   
   1. 
      Aren’t the Royal Bengal Tigers of the Sundarbans the most famous in the world?
      
   2. 
      It is known to all for its ferocity.
      
   3. 
      Now, the number of the Royal Bengal Tigers is decreasing.
      
   4. 
      It is the illegal poachers, who target the Royal Bengal Tigers.
      
   5. 
      This precious wildlife ought to be preserved from the extinction by any means by us.
      
   6. 
      We should save tigers so that we can save our Sundarbans.
      
   7. 
      We should not be cruel to them.
      
   8. 
      A balance in the Sundarbans is maintained by tigers.
      
   9. 
      We should punish the illegal poachers.
      
   10. 
       Shouldn’t we be determined to save tigers?
       
7. 
   [Bogra Cantt. Public]
   
   1. 
      Every college has a library.
      
   2. 
      We must read many books other than textbooks so that we can widen our knowledge.
      
   3. 
      We are helped by a college in this respect.
      
   4. 
      Moreover, books provide us with joy.
      
   5. 
      They are better than all other friends.
      
8. 
   [Govt. MR Women’s]
   
   1. 
      Once upon a time there lived a maiden and her name was Cinderella.
      
   2. 
      She had to work very hard in the kitchen after the death of her mother.
      
   3. 
      Though she had two cousins, they were unkind to her.
      
   4. 
      She was made to do all the works in the house by them.
      
   5. 
      Sometimes she crept in among the cinders so that she could keep herself warm.
      
9. 
   [RDA Laboratory School & College]
   
   1. 
      The albatross was shot by the old sailor.
      
   2. 
      At this the sailors were not pleased with him at all.
      
   3. 
      As their throats were dry, they could not speak.
      
   4. 
      Killing the bird the old sailor brought bad luck to the sailors.
      
   5. 
      What an unlucky day it was!
      
10. 
    [Police Line School & College]
    
    1. 
       Charles Karoro who is a banker draws a good salary.
       
    2. 
       Gardening is loved by his wife.
       
    3. 
       The apartment is too small to have a garden.
       
    4. 
       Very few towns in Africa are as expensive as Nairobi.
       
    5. 
       Isn’t this real problem for Karoro?
       
11. 
    [Govt. Shaheed Bulbul]
    
    1. 
       Nobody lives alone.
       
    2. 
       We should maintain social order.
       
    3. 
       We shall be able a peaceful life by maintain it.
       
    4. 
       Everybody likes peace.
       
    5. 
       We require it so much.
       
12. 
    [Al-Hera Academy]
    
    1. 
       Cricket is a game which is very exciting.
       
    2. 
       This game is enjoyed very much by people all over the world.
       
    3. 
       At present, cricket is more popular than most other games in our country.
       
    4. 
       It is a very costly game but young men and children get a great delight playing it.
       
    5. 
       Alas! The performance of Bangladesh Cricket Team is not up to the mark.
       
13. 
    [Naogaon Govt. College]
    
    1. 
       Your performance is an interview board is important.
       
    2. 
       Interview is regarded as a poor predictor of future performance by some people.
       
    3. 
       The candidates who have a good command on subjectivity can get the benefits.
       
    4. 
       You have to show confidence and enthusiasm certainly and thus you can succeed.
       
    5. 
       Very few ways are as good as interview to judge a suitable candidate.
       
14. 
    Qadirabad Cantonment Sappar]
    
    1. 
       Nature has opened her wings of beauty in the three hilly districts- Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban.
       
    2. 
       That the fence round the garden was broken was seen by the farmer one day.
       
    3. 
       The fence was broken and it was not repaired by the farmer.
       
    4. 
       The presence of people who are tribal there makes this place more splendid.
       
    5. 
       What we cannot cure, we must endure it.
       
15. 
    [Joypurhat Govt. Women’s]
    
    1. 
       Very few countries of the world are as poor as Bangladesh.
       
    2. 
       But Ethiopia is poorer than it.
       
    3. 
       The people who are poor lead a miserable life. They cannot send their children to schools because of their poverty.
       
    4. 
       They cannot send their children to schools because of their poverty.
       
    5. 
       What a pity it is!
       

1. 
   [Rajuk Uttara Model College]
   
   1. 
      If you observe a good teacher, you will not see him motionless.
      
   2. 
      He feels it necessary and walks about the class.
      
   3. 
      He speaks according to his thinking and feeling.
      
   4. 
      Fixed rules do not chain him.
      
   5. 
      The class does not become uncommunicative and boring.
      
2. 
   [Viqarunnisa Noon School & College]
   
   1. 
      No other wealth of a man is as great as health.
      
   2. 
      We have to take a balanced diet so that we can be healthy.
      
   3. 
      A balanced diet is a food containing something from each of the three main groups of food.
      
   4. 
      They help us to build new cells after the death of the old ones.
      
   5. 
      Carbohydrate and fat provide the root of our existence which is named energy.
      
3. 
   [Notre Dame]
   
   1. 
      Education is not only getting certificates.
      
   2. 
      In case of our failing to open up our mind to a broad horizon our education remains incomplete.
      
   3. 
      Along with this, rationality that gives us a stand leading to better understanding of and with others and co-existence should always equip our mind.
      
   4. 
      A book is the record of one’s doings and thoughts.
      
   5. 
      The teaching of book will follow you everywhere.
      
4. 
   [Ideal School & College]
   
   1. 
      An efficient banking system is often unable to lend money to the poor despite its being important for economic growth.
      
   2. 
      Very few examples of microcredit programmes are as good as Grameen Bank.
      
   3. 
      Grammen Bank provides loan to the poor women who live in the rural areas.
      
   4. 
      It wants to develop the living standard of the rural women and so provides loan to them.
      
   5. 
      Prestigious Nobel Prize was got by Grameen Bank in 2006.
      
5. 
   [Dhaka Residential Model]
   
   1. 
      Vry few cricket teams in the world are as strong as New Zealand Cricket Team.
      
   2. 
      There is no one but knows it. There is no one who does not know it.
      
   3. 
      It is natural that they should have defeated Bangladesh in the one-day series.
      
   4. 
      However people of Bangladesh watched a breath-taking victory of Bangladesh Tigers and it was over New Zealand.
      
   5. 
      We cannot but be proud of our cricketers.
      
6. 
   [Holy Cross College]
   
   1. 
      Jerry was a small boy living in the orphanage.
      
   2. 
      No other boy was as strong as he.
      
   3. 
      Some unnecessary things were also done by him for her.
      
   4. 
      When it was autumn, his mother visited him.
      
   5. 
      One morning the sound of his tapping on the door awakened the writer.
      
7. 
   [Dhaka College]
   
   1. 
      No other language is as used as English.
      
   2. 
      Organization frequently need employees having a good command over English.
      
   3. 
      They are many companies which provide English language training for their staff.
      
   4. 
      That English helps people to get good jobs and better salaries is believed by many. or, It is believed that people are helped to get good jobs and better salaries by English.
      
   5. 
      People all over the world speak English.
      
8. 
   [Dhaka City College]
   
   1. 
      E-mail is a messaging system which is computer based.
      
   2. 
      Doesn’t it eliminate the time spent in establishing phone calls?
      
   3. 
      Telephone calls are not so cheap as it.
      
   4. 
      It does not take more than a few seconds to transmit a message from one country to another.
      
   5. 
      But even here commercially operated e-mail facilities are used by people for important purposes.
      

9. 
   [Dhaka Commerce College]
   
   1. 
      The birds coming to our country in winter are called migratory birds.
      
   2. 
      In winter the weather is so cold that they cannot live in the north.
      
   3. 
      A better shelter in Bangladesh is found by them./ A better shelter is found in Bangladesh by them.
      
   4. 
      We cannot but protect them.
      
   5. 
      The dove cannot fly as fast as migratory birs.
      
10. 
    [Lalmatia Mahila College]
    
    1. 
       No other language is so used as English.
       
    2. 
       Organizations need employees having a good command over English.
       
    3. 
       Better salary can be earned by an English knowing man.
       
    4. 
       People speak English all over the world.
       
    5. 
       We should learn English so that we can make a room for us in the competitive world.
       
11. 
    [Milestone College]
    
    1. 
       Milestone college is now regarded better than most other colleges in Bangladesh.
       
    2. 
       The teachers of this college are not insincere and inactive at all.
       
    3. 
       It is they who always try to make their students prepared for the examinations.
       
    4. 
       Now this is known to people all over the country.
       
    5. 
       How rapidly the acceptability of this college is rising!
       
12. 
    [Begum Badrunnesa Govt. Girl’s]
    
    1. 
       No other virtue is so great as truthfulness.
       
    2. 
       It is the virtue that makes a man really great.
       
    3. 
       We cannot command the confidence of others without cultivating the habit of speaking the truth.
       
    4. 
       A lie always gets revealed.
       
    5. 
       Nobody loves him.
       
13. 
    [Motijheel Model]
    
    1. 
       I closed the door and went back to work.
       
    2. 
       At first I was annoyed at the sound of the boy dragging brush.
       
    3. 
       He made rhythmic and steady blows.
       
    4. 
       A constant rain was not so rhythmic as the sound of his blows.
       
    5. 
       As had forgot the boy, I went back to sleep.
       
14. 
    [Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rouf]
    
    1. 
       Jim and Della sacrificed their dearest possessions and bought nice Christmas presents for each other.
       
    2. 
       Della had an ardent desire that was to give her husband a worthy gift. /Della had a desire which was ardent to give her husband a worthy gift.
       
    3. 
       Jim also thought to give his wife a nice gift.
       
    4. 
       A scanty amount of money was saved by Della for this.
       
    5. 
       Very few husbands that we have ever known were as sincere as Jim.
       
15. 
    [Govt. Bangla College]
    
    1. 
       Very few curses of the 21^st century are as big as child labour.
       
    2. 
       It is unfortunate that this has become accepted in our society.
       
    3. 
       Nothing but poverty is responsible for this.
       
    4. 
       In a family of five or six children, the parents have to send some of their kids to work to fill their empty stomachs.
       
    5. 
       These poor and helpless children have to do bone breaking work all day but in return they are rewarded with all kinds of abuse.
       
16. 
    [BAF Shaheen College]
    
    1. 
       But at last God could not but take pity on him.
       
    2. 
       One day the water smakes swimming around the shi were being watched by the old sailor.
       
    3. 
       A strange wonder filled him.
       
    4. 
       When the dead albatross fell from the neck of the old sailor into the sea he fell into deep sleep.
       
    5. 
       At the time of his waking up it was raining.
       
17. 
    [BCIC College]
    
    1. 
       The students fail in English in great number because of a good number of reasons.
       
    2. 
       The students fail in English in great number because English is a foreign language.
       
    3. 
       Students want to cross the barriers of examinations and so they seek the chance.
       
    4. 
       No other subject for them is so fearful as English.
       
    5. 
       We cannot but develop the student of English.
       
18. 
    [Ideal College-Dhanmondi]
    
    1. 
       Bangladesh has a vast population despite its being a small country.
       
    2. 
       It is one of the most populous countries in the world.
       
    3. 
       The farmers work hard so that they can support themselves.
       
    4. 
       They are not dishonest and unkind.
       
    5. 
       We should take care of them.
       
19. 
    [Govt. Science College]
    
    1. 
       Long long ago, there was a wise king.
       
    2. 
       He was called wise Solomon.
       
    3. 
       Actually, at that time, he has wiser than all other men.
       
    4. 
       Didn’t he feel very helpless?
       
    5. 
       There was another ruler whose name was the queen of Sheba.
       

1. 
   [Cantt Public School & College]
   
   1. 
      Isn’t health wealth?
      
   2. 
      There are not a few students in the class.
      
   3. 
      I wish I were a king.
      
   4. 
      What a fine bird it is!
      
   5. 
      Let a lie never be told.
      
2. 
   [Rangpur Govt. College]
   
   1. 
      Though she wants to go to college, she has no hope in this regard.
      
   2. 
      According to Sadia’s parents, educating a girl is a waste of time and money.
      
   3. 
      Their scarce resource are used by them for son’s educations. S
      
   4. 
      She used to be happy being a girl but now she wishes to be a boy.
      
   5. 
      Sadia’s brother is happier than her.
      
3. 
   [Police Lions School &]
   
   1. 
      Cox’s Bazar which is a sea beach is the longest in the world.
      
   2. 
      Very few sea beaches in the world are as beautiful as if.
      
   3. 
      People call it pleasure seeker’s paradise.
      
   4. 
      Don’t the visitors go there to enjoy natural beauties?
      
   5. 
      The tried may go to relax there.
      
4. 
   [Thakurgaon Govt. College]
   
   1. 
      I, as a young writer, was living in Paris twenty years ago.
      
   2. 
      I was earning barely enough money so that I could keep body and soul together.
      
   3. 
      One of my lady enough money so that I could keep body and soul together.
      
   4. 
      Isn’t Foyot’s a very expensive restaurant where usually the French Senators eat?
      
   5. 
      But she flattered me. I agreed to give her a modest luncheon.
      
5. 
   [Lion’s School & College]
   
   1. 
      The albatross was shot by the old sailor.
      
   2. 
      At this the sailors were not at all happy with him
      
   3. 
      As their throats were dry, they couldn’t speak.
      
   4. 
      Killing the bird, the old sailor brought bad luck to the sailors.
      
   5. 
      What an unlucky day it was!
      
6. 
   [Saidpur Govt. Technical]
   
   1. 
      No other companion of man is as good as books.
      
   2. 
      Nowadays the publishers publish books in huge quantity.
      
   3. 
      People read books and get pleasure.
      
   4. 
      What a treasure a book is!
      
   5. 
      Shouldn’t we develop the habit of buying books?
      

7. 
   [Majida Khatun Govt. Women]
   
   1. 
      How delicious the roasted duck looked!
      
   2. 
      Since the cook could not resist his temptation, he ate up one of the drumsticks.
      
   3. 
      The master sat down to eat and noticed the missing leg.
      
   4. 
      The master was intelligent.
      
   5. 
      But the cook insisted on the duck’s having only one leg.
      

1. 
   [Hamidpur Al-Hera Degree College]
   
   1. 
      Very few problem are as serious as eve-teasing.
      
   2. 
      It is not a human and kind act.
      
   3. 
      We cannot solve the problem overnight.
      
   4. 
      We should create public awareness so that we can solve the problem.
      
   5. 
      How impossible it is to convene anybody with an implausible answer!
      
2. 
   [Cantonment College-Jessore]
   
   1. 
      I lay down on the grass and it was very soft and short.
      
   2. 
      It was day-light at the time of my waking up. On my waking up, it was day-light.
      
   3. 
      In spite of my attempt I could not move out.
      
   4. 
      As the sun grew hot, its bright light hurt my eyes.
      
3. 
   [Cantonment Public School & College]
   
   1. 
      I do not know what his father’s name is.
      
   2. 
      But I know his birth place.
      
   3. 
      He is poor but honest.
      
   4. 
      No other player is as good as he.
      
   5. 
      He leads a very simple life.
      
4. 
   [Khulna Govt. Girls’ College]
   
   1. 
      She lived in Dhaka during her childhood.
      
   2. 
      Many ups and downs of the city have been watched by her.
      
   3. 
      Life is very difficult now but it was easy in the past.
      
   4. 
      As the houses are so close to each other many people live in multi-storied flats.
      
   5. 
      Very few housewives are so frugal as she.
      
5. 
   [Govt. Pioneer Girls College]
   
   1. 
      I do not know what his father’s name is.
      
   2. 
      But I know his birth place.
      
   3. 
      He is poor but honest.
      
   4. 
      No other player is as good as he.
      
   5. 
      He leads a very simple life.
      
6. 
   [Khulna Collegiate Girls’ School & KCC Women’s]
   
   1. 
      A fisherman catches fish and thus, he earns his livelihood.
      
   2. 
      Doesn’t he work hard all day and night?
      
   3. 
      As he has no radio, he cannot listen to the weather warning.
      
   4. 
      What a poor life a fisherman leads!
      
   5. 
      He is as important as any other person in the society.
      

1. 
   [Comilla Victoria Govt. College]
   
   1. 
      Ponds and lakes in Bangladesh are blanketed with water lilies in autumn.
      
   2. 
      Water lilies are collected by people.
      
   3. 
      Water lilies have stems which are edible.
      
   4. 
      People sell them in the market and earn money.
      
   5. 
      Isn’t water lily our national flower?
      
2. 
   [Ispahani Public]
   
   1. 
      Is it known to you?
      
   2. 
      A boy who is industrious will shine in life.
      
   3. 
      A life without an assignment is not an actual life.
      
   4. 
      Without working hard, none can receive any reward.
      
   5. 
      It is evident that very few virtues are as great as industry.
      
3. 
   [Comilla Govt. College]
   
   1. 
      January is colder than any other month in Bangladesh.
      
   2. 
      The people who are poor suffer much.
      
   3. 
      By making fire, they warm themselves.
      
   4. 
      When it is winter, vegetables are cheap.
      
   5. 
      How sweet date juice during winter is!
      
4. 
   [Comilla Commerce College]
   
   1. 
      A farmer had a goose which was wonderful.
      
   2. 
      The eggs were sold in the market by him.
      
   3. 
      He cut open the belly of the goose but he found no egg inside it.
      
   4. 
      Very few geese of the world were as wonderful as she.
      
   5. 
      Haven’t I lost my fortune by killing it?
      
5. 
   [Comilla Shikkha Board Model]
   
   1. 
      A good teacher is more important than most other people in any country.
      
   2. 
      A significant role is played to educate the nation by him.
      
   3. 
      The good teacher discovers the treasure which is hidden inside each student.
      
   4. 
      He keeps his students busy to make them happy.
      
   5. 
      Isn’t Bangladesh in need of good teachers?
      
6. 
   [Sonar Bangla College]
   
   1. 
      Very few tragedies of Shakespeare are as great as Julius Caesar.
      
   2. 
      One of the most catastrophic events of the murder of Caesar is depicted in it.
      
   3. 
      The day opens when the work-men of Rome were celebrating the victory of Caesar.
      
   4. 
      At his return to Rome, Caesar was received with flowers.
      
   5. 
      Everybody suspected the murder of Caesar but Caesar did not believe it.
      
7. 
   [Mosharraf Hossain Khan]
   
   1. 
      Shylock, a cruel man lived in Venice.
      
   2. 
      He used to lend money on high interest so that he could get more profit.
      
   3. 
      People of Venice disliked him.
      
   4. 
      People knew him well for his generosity.
      
   5. 
      In fact, very few people of Venice were so noble as he.
      
8. 
   [Brahamanbaria Govt. College]
   
   1. 
      Very few countries in the world are as poor as Bangladesh.
      
   2. 
      But Ethiopia poorer than it.
      
   3. 
      The poor people lead a life which is miserable.
      
   4. 
      They cannot send their children to school because of poverty.
      
   5. 
      What a pity it is!
      
9. 
   [Brahmanbaria Govt. Women’s]
   
   1. 
      No other wealth of a man is as great as health.
      
   2. 
      If we want to be healthy, we have to take a balanced diet.
      
   3. 
      A balanced diet is a food containing something from each of the three main groups of food.
      
   4. 
      They help us to build new cells and thus old ones die.
      
   5. 
      We are provided with the root of our existence named energy by carbohydrate and fat.
      
10. 
    [Nabinagar Govt. College]
    
    1. 
       He lived in a green and beautiful country named Spain.
       
    2. 
       Though he was a man of seventy, he read sixteen hours a day.
       
    3. 
       He read many books and he could hardly count them.
       
    4. 
       His study was began with a recitation of the Holy Quran.
       
    5. 
       Rabindranath is one of the greatest poets in the world.
       
11. 
    [Chandpur Govt. College]
    
    1. 
       A letter was written by Anika to her mother yesterday.
       
    2. 
       She told her mother that she should send tk 1000 to buy some books.
       

3. 
   In the letter she told her not to worry about her studies.
   
4. 
   Doesn’t her mother often write to her?
   
5. 
   She feels that her mother is the best of all mother’s in the world.
   

Narration kãwUi A_© Dw³ ev eY©bv | Narrate-kãwU †_‡K Bnvi DrcwË|

Narration-`yB cÖKvi | h_v:

1. 
   Direct (ii) Indirect
   

Raz said,” I am well

2. 
   Indirect: e³vi K_v c‡ivÿfv‡e A‡b¨i wbKU eY©bv Kiv n‡j, Zv‡K Indirect narration e‡j|
   

• 
  Direct Narration Gi Inverted comma (   ) Gi †fZ‡ii AskwU‡K Reported speech Ges evB‡ii As‡ki Finite verb- wU‡K Reporting verb e‡j|
  

Direct: He say.  I am well

Indirect: He says that he is well.

Direct: He says.  I cat rice 

Indirect: He Says That he cats rice .

Direct: The boy will say, I like mangoes .

Ind: The boy will say that he likes mangoes.

Dir: Raz says.  I shall buy a smart phone.

Ind: Raz Says that he will buy Smart phone.

R-2: Reported Speech hw` Universal truth (wPimZ¨), habitual facts (Af¨mMZ Kg©) near fulare (wbKUZg fwel¨r), historical event (HwZnvwmK NUbv), Newspaper Headlines, writer Speech (‡jL‡Ki e³e¨) BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Tense MZ †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| ïaygvÎ person Gi cwieZ©b nq Ges person Abyhvqx verb e‡m| Inverted comma Gi cwie‡Z© That e‡m|

The Teacher said,  The earth is pound

 The teacher said that he earth is pound.

Rabindranath Tagore said.  Truth is beauty.

 Rabindranath Tagore said that truth is beauty

Rule-3: Reporting Verb hw` past tense- G _v‡K, Z‡e wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e Tense Gi cwieZ©b nq|

Direct  Indirect

Rima said, I write a letter ; = Rima said that she wrote a letter.

Raz said; I am drawing a picture = Raz said that he was drawing a picture

He said to me,  I have enjoyed the party = He told me that he had enjoyed the party.

He said to me,  I have been learning = He told me that he had been

English for many years learning English for many years.

Past Indefinite = past perfect

He said; I ate mangoes = He said that he had eaten mangoes.

He said,  I was writing a letter” = He said that he had been writing a letter.

He said,  I had finished it” = He said hat he had finished it.

He said,  I had been singing song for five minutes,

He said he had been singing song for five minutes.

Reported Speech- G modal verb Gi cwieZ©b:

Will = Would, Can = Could, Shall = Should, May = Might,

Direct : He said,  I can teach English, 

Indirect: He said that he could teach English.

Direct : He said to me,  I am ill”

Indirect : He told me that he was ill.

Narration of Interrogative Sentences

• 
  Auxiliary verb Ges WH Question-GB `yB fv‡M Question Kiv hvq|
  
• 
  Interrogative Sentence Gi †ÿ‡Î Reporting verb wU ‘ask’ enquire of; want to know; demand BZÕ¨vw`‡Z cwiewZZ nq|
  

Subject +ask/enquire of/ want to know + obj + if/ whether + Reported speech (Sub + verb + Exl)

Dir: The old man said to the woman,  will you give me some food? 

Ind: The old man asked the woman if she would give him some food.

Dir: Rehena said to Raz,  Have you completed your lesson? 

Ind: Rehena asked Raz if he had completed his lesson.

Dir: Raz said to Emon,  Do you like to read poetry

Ind: Raz asked Emon if he (E) liked to read poetry.

Subject + ask / enquire of/want to know +obj +WH question + Reported speech (Sub+verb+Exl.)

Dir: The old man said to me,  Where do you live in?”

Ind: The old man asked me where I lived in

Dir: He said to me,  what are you eating?”

Ind: He asked me what I was eating.

Av‡`k (order), D‡c‡`k (advise), Aby‡iva (request), wb‡la (forbid), cÖ¯Íve (propose), civgk© (suggest), `qv cÖv_©bv (beg) ‡evSv‡Z, †h mKj sentence e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡`i‡K Imperative sentence e‡j|

• 
  Imperative sentence Gi narration cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î A_©vr Direct ‡_‡K Indirect G cwiYZ Kivi mgq Reported speech Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Reporting verb-G order, advise, request, forbid, beg, propose, suggest e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e fzj Gov‡bvi Rb¨ "tell" me©‡ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv hvq|
  
• 
  Imperative sentence-G Reporting verb-Gi c‡i base form e‡m|
  Imperative sentence g~jZ `yB fv‡e MwVZ nq|
  (i) Verb w`‡q; (ii) Let w`‡q|
  

Dir : The teacher said to the student "Don't make a noise"

Ind : The teacher advised the student not to make a noise.

Or, The teacher for bade the student to make a noise.

Dir : Mother said to me, "Don't make smoke"

Ind : Mother advised me not to make smoke.

Or, Mother for bade me to make smoke.

Rule-3 : Emphatic imperative sentence Gi c~‡e© e¨eüZ "do" indirect narration-G D‡V hvq|

Dir : I said to Raz, "Do have a cup of tea"

Ind : I requested Raz to have a cup of tea.

Dir : I said to hen, "Do come tomorrow"

Ind : I asked her to come next day.

Rule-4 : Defective Auxiliary verb: had better/better Gi †ÿ‡Î

Structure: sub + advise + obj + to + verb

Dir : The man said, "You had better see a doctor.

Ind : The man advised me to see a doctor.

Let hy³ Imperative sentence-‡K Direct to Indirect Kivi wbqg-

Dir : Raz said to his friends, "Let us go to picnic"

Ind : Raz proposed to his friends that they should go to picnic.

Dir : Mother said to her daughter, "Let us go home"

Ind : Mother suggested her daughter that we should go home.

Rule-2: Let hw` permission/ wish/order eySvq-

Structure: sub + requested/ordered + ob + RS (sub + might/might be allowed to + verb Gi base form)

Dir : The boy said to the old man, "Let me do the work"

Ind : The boy requested the old man that he might do.

Dir : The man said, "Let them do whatever they like"

Ind : The man requested that they might do whatever they liked.

Dir : The officer said, "Let the police fire"

Ind : The officer ordered that the police might fire.

Narration of Optative Sentences

Reported speech Gi A_© I fvevbymv‡i Indirect narration-G Reporting verb- pray/wish e‡m|

Dir : The teacher said, "May Allah bless you"

Ind : The teacher prayed that Allah might bless me.

Dir : Mother said, "May you prosper in life"

Ind : Mother wished that I might prosper in life.

Narration of Exclamatory Sentences

i) Reported speech Gi A_© I fvevbymv‡i Indirect narration-G Reporting verb- exclaim in/with grief, exclaim in/with joy, exclaim with sorrow, exclaim in delight, exclaim with regret, exclaim in wonder, cry out in delight, cry out in sorrow, swear, applaud, exclaim with anger/surprise/contempt BZ¨vw`‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq|

ii) Av‡e‡Mi ZxeªZv eySv‡Z Exclamatory sentence wU hw` what ev how w`‡q m~wPZ nq, †m‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i cwie‡Z© noun Gi c~‡e© great Ges adjective Gi c~‡e© very ev greatly e‡m|

Structure: sub + exclaim with joy/sorrow/surprise + that + RS Gi Tense Abyhvqx cwieZ©b|

Direct : Shafiq said, "What a fool I am!"

Indirect : Shafiq exclaimed with sorrow that he was a great fool.

Direct : He said, "How sweetly she sings!"

Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that she sang very sweetly.

Direct : Salma said, "What a nice bird it is!"

Indirect : Salma cried out in joy that it was very nice bird.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
This (GwU/G/GB)	That (‡mwU/H)
These (G¸‡jv)	Those (‡m¸‡jv)
Thus (Gfv‡e)	So (‡mfv‡e)
Now (GLb)	Then (ZLb)
Here (GLv‡b)	There (‡mLv‡b)
Hence (G Kvi‡Y)	Thence (‡m Kvi‡Y)
Come (Avmv)*	Go/Arrive (hvIqv, †cŠuQv‡bv)
Must (Aek¨B)	Had to (Aek¨B)
Today (AvR)	That day (‡m w`b)
Tomorrow (AvMvgxKvj)	The next day/the following day (c‡ii w`b)
Yesterday (MZKvj)	The previous day/the day before (c~‡e©i w`b)
Last night (MZ iv‡Z)	The previous night (c~‡e©i iv‡Z)
Last week	The previous week
Last month	The previous month
Sir (Rbve)	Politely/respectfully/with respect
Sorry (`ytwLZ	Apologize (d)

 Reported speech Gi KwZcq kã ev phrase wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K|

This I These-Gi e¨envi:

This hLb mgq wb‡`©k K‡i ZLb this cwiewZ©Z n‡q that nq:

Direct : Rima said, “I am leaving Bogra this month.”

Indirect : Rima said that she was leaving Bogra that month.

wKš‘ This/these/that hLb adjective wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq ZLb this Ges that mvaviYZ the ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq:

Direct : Robin said, “I gave him this private computer on his birthday.

Indirect : Robin said that he had given him the private computer on his birthday.

Direct : I said to him, “I bought a shirt for you. I would like to

present this on your birthday.”

Indirect : I told him that I had bought a shirt for him and I would like to present it on his birthday.

Here Ges There-Gi e¨envi:

Direct speech-G ¯’v‡bi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq Zv ¯úóZ †evSv †M‡j here-cwiewZ©Z n‡q there nq:

Direct : Rony said to Salma, “I shall meet you here at T.S.C. tomorrow.

Indirect : Rony told Salma that he (R) would meet her (S) there at T.S.C the next day.

Direct : Rana said to me, “You may stay here.”

Indirect : Rana told me that I might stay with him.

N.B: Indirect speech-G It AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K:

Direct : He said, “I shall do it.”

Indirect : He said that he would do it.

This/these pronoun wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡j Indirect speech G this/these cwiewZ©Z n‡q it/they nq:

 Rule-1: Direct speech-G ïaygvÎ Yes/No _vK‡i, Yes-Gi †ÿ‡Î subject + replied in the affirmative Ges No-Gi subject + replied in the negative n‡e|

 Rule-2: Reporting verb Gi subject hw` Aby‡jøvwLZ _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î Subject wn‡m‡e the speaker Ges object Aby‡jøvwLZ _vK‡j object wn‡m‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î the person spoken to e¨eüZ nq|

 Rule-3: Interrogative sentence Gi DËi direct speech G mswÿß iƒ‡c †`qv _vK‡jI Indirect speech-G Dnv c~Y© Sentence-G wjL‡Z n‡e|

Direct : The girl said to the boy, "What are you eating?" The boy said, "Nothing"

Indirect : The asked the boy what he was eating. The boy replied that he was eating nothing.

 Rule-4: hLb GKwU Passage G cici GKvwaK Assertive sentence _v‡K Ges GKB e³vi e³e¨ †ck Kiv nq, †m‡ÿ‡Î cieZ©x Sentence-wU †K and/added that/also added that/ also said that/ again ev wØZxq Sentence wU‡K Avjv`vfv‡eI D‡jøL Kiv hvq|

Direct : "I am hungry. I haven't eat anything yet." said Kamal.

Indirect : Kamal said that he was hungry and also added that he hadn't eaten anything yet.

Or, Kamal said that he was hungry. He also said that he hadn't eaten anything yet.

 Rule-5: Avevi GKvwaK Interrogative sentence Gi †ÿ‡Î hw` GKB speaker ev e³v _v‡K| †m‡ÿ‡Î cieZ©x Sentence ¸‡jv again asked/ also asked/ further asked Øviv hy³ Kiv nq|

Direct : The man said to the boy, "Why do you disturb me? Have you done your home work?"

Indirect : The man asked the boy why he (boy) disturbed him. He (the man) again asked the boy if he

had done his home work.

 Rule-6: Avevi hLb GKB Sentence-G cici GKvwaK Imperative sentence Gi GKB speaker ev e³v _v‡K, †m‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_g Sentence Gi cieZ©x Sentence wU and Øviv hy³ nq|

Direct : The teacher said to the boy, "Please don't disturb me. Go out from her."

Indirect : The teacher told the boy not to disturb him and ordered him to go out from here.

 Rule-7: Direct speech-G ‘Sir’ _vK‡j Indirect speech-G Subject + respectfully/politely + reporting verb A_ev subject + reporting verb + respectfully/politely n‡e|

 Rule-8: Direct speech-G ‘sorry’ A_ev ‘I am sorry’ _vK‡j Indirect speech-G subject + expressed his/here regret e‡m|

 Rule-9: Direct speech-G hw` ‘Thank you’ wKsevÕ “Congratulation” _v‡K, Z‡e Indirect speech-G Reporting verb-Gi subject + thanked/ congratulated + reporting verb-Gi object em‡e|

 Rule-10: Direct speech-G hw` Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening _v‡K, Z‡e Indirect speech-G Speaker (e³v) + wished + listener (†kÖvZv) + Good morning/good afternoon/good evening n‡e|

 Rule-11: Direct speech-G ‘Good night’, ‘Good bye’, ‘Farewell’ BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Indirect speech wU wb¤œiƒc n‡e- Speaker (e³v) + bade + listener (‡kÖvZv) + good night/good bye/farewell.

 Rule-12: Direct speech-G hw` KvD‡K m‡¤œab Kiv nq, Z‡e Indirect speech-G wb¤œiƒc n‡e- Addressing him/her/me/them as + m‡¤^vab‡evaK kã +comma (,) + subject + reporting verb

 Rule-13: ‘Excuse me’, ‘Listen’, ‘Hello’ BZ¨vw` Øviv mvaviYZ †kÖvZvi `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv nq| Direct speech-G Giv _vK‡j, Indirect speech-G Zv wb¤œiƒc n‡e- Speaker (e³v) + drew his/her/my/their+ attention and + Reporting verb +......

 Rule-14: Direct speech-G hw` By Allah/By Jove/By God BZ¨vw` _v‡K Z‡e, Indirect speech-wU wb¤œiƒc n‡e- Swearing by Allah/God/Jove+comma (,) + subject + verb.....

A_ev, Subject + swore + by Allah/God/Jove + and + verb ......

Direct : He said, “By Allah, I will never disobey you.”

Indirect : Swearing by Allah, he said that he would never disobey me.

Or, He swore by Allah and said that he would never disobey me.

 Rule-15: Passage narration G A‡bK mgq Sentence Gi cÖ_‡g so ev but _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î Indirect Kivi mgq mvaviYZ So Gi cwie‡Z© that is why Ges But Gi cwie‡Z© Express dissatisfaction e¨eüZ nq|

Direct : Rina said to me, "I am unwell. So I shall not go to school."

Indirect : Rina told me that she was unwell and that is why she would not go to school.

Direct : The woman said, "How nice the picture is! I wish I could buy it." "But it is not durable

and will break down in about a month," said her husband.

Indirect : The woman exclaimed with surprise that the picture was very nice and wished to by it. Her husband expressed his dissatisfaction and said that it was not durable and would break down in about a month.

1. 
   Dhaka Board-16
   

2. 
   Rajshahi Board-16
   

3. 
   Comilla Board-16
   

4. 
   Dinajpur Board-16
   

5. 
   Jessore Board-16
   

6. 
   Chittagong Board-16
   

“They have been starving,” said the woman. “Have you none else in the world?” “My husband died some months ago. He left them neither money nor any property. So, they are in great distress. They have to starve sometimes.” “Oh! Let me see, how I can help you.” said the Caliph.

7. 
   Sylhet Board-16
   

8. 
   Barisal Board-16
   

30. 
    Rajshahi College-15
    

31. 
    New Govt. Degree College-15
    

Witness : A labourer, my lord, nothing but a day labourer.

Judge : How long have you known the prisoner?

Witness : How long as I have known anything. We were playmates, have lived in the same parish. I

have known all my life.

32. 
    Rajshahi Govt. City College-15
    

33. 
    Rajshahi Govt. Women’s College-15
    

34. 
    Rajshahi University School & College-15
    

35. 
    Govt. Azizul Haque College-15
    

36. 
    Bogra Cantt Public School & College-15
    

37. 
    Govt. MR Women’s College-15
    

38. 
    RDA Laboratory School & College-15
    

Who has bought them for you?”

“My mother”

“Is she alive?”

39. 
    Police Lines School & College-15
    

40. 
    Govt. Shaheed Bulbul College-15
    

41. 
    Al-Hera Academy School & College-15
    

42. 
    Naogaon Govt. College-15
    

43. 
    Quadirabad Cantonment Sapper College-15
    

44. 
    Joypurhat Govt. Women’s College-15
    

39. 
    Rajuk Uttara Model College-15
    

40. 
    Viqarunnisa Non School & College-15
    

41. 
    Notre Dame College-15
    

42. 
    Ideal School & College-15
    

43. 
    Dhaka Residential Model College-15
    

44. 
    Holy Cross College-15
    

45. 
    Dhaka College-15
    

46. 
    Dhaka City College-15
    

47. 
    Dhaka Commerce College-15
    

48. 
    Lalmatia Mahila College-15
    

49. 
    Milestone College-15
    

50. 
    Begum Badrunnesa Govt Girl’s College-15
    

51. 
    Motijheel Model School & College-15
    

52. 
    Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rouf Public College-15
    

“My husband died some months ago. He left them neither any money nor any property. So, they are in great distress. They have to starve whenever I fail to get anything for them to eat.”

53. 
    Govt. Bangla College-15
    

54. 
    BAF Shaheen College-15
    

55. 
    BCIC College-15
    

56. 
    Ideal College-Dhanmondi-15
    

57. 
    Govt. Science College-15
    

8. 
   Cantt Public School & College-15
   

9. 
   Rangpur Govt. College-15
   

10. 
    Police Line School & College-15
    

11. 
    Kurigram Govt. College-15
    

12. 
    Thakurgaon Govt. College-15
    

13. 
    Lions School & College-15
    

14. 
    Saidpur Govt. Technical College-15
    

15. 
    Majida Khatun Govt. Women’s College-15
    

7. 
   Hamidpur Al-Hera Degree College-15
   

8. 
   BAF Shaheen College-15
   

9. 
   Jessore Cantonment College-15
   

10. 
    Cantonment Public School & College-15
    

11. 
    Khulna Govt. Girl’s College-15
    

12. 
    Govt. Pioneer Girls’ School & College-15
    

13. 
    Khulna Collegiate Girl’s School & College-15
    

1. 
   Comilla Victoria Govt College-15
   

“I want to have a library card,” said Rubel.

“Do you have your identity card?”

“Yes, here it is”.

“How many books can I borrow at a time?”

“You can borrow three books at a time”.

2. 
   Ispahani Public School & College-15
   

3. 
   Comilla Govt. College-15
   

‘A great preparation,’ replied she, ‘ I can stand first.’

‘Wah, what a lucky girl!’ sid Ripon, ‘But my preparation is not very nice.’

4. 
   Comilla Commerce College-15
   

5. 
   Comilla Shikkha Board Model College-15
   

6. 
   Sonar Bangla College-15
   

7. 
   Moshrraf Hossain Khan Chowdhury University College-15
   

8. 
   Brahmanbaria Govt. College-15
   

9. 
   Brahmanbaria Govt. Women’s College-15
   

10. 
    Nabinagar Govt. College-15
    

“I want to know the time. That is why I am counting the dogs.” This answer surprised the officer even more. He shook his head sadly. “What a strange man!” he said, “He must be either foolish or quite mad.”

11. 
    Chandpur Govt. College-15
    

1. 
   [Dhaka Board-16] I asked him where he came from. He replied that he came from San Carlos and smiled. He added that he had been taking care of animals. I exclaimed without quite understanding. He said again that he had stayed taking care of animals. He also said that he had been the last one to leave the town of San Carlos.
   
2. 
   [Rajshahi Board-16] The teacher asked Maruf if he (M) had cut his (M) nails short. Maruf replied in the negative and respectfully said that he (M) had forgotten. The teacher said that was very bad. He (T) told him (M) that he (M) had to be more careful about neatness and cleanliness. He (T) added that by doing so, he (M) could prevent diarrhea and some diseases too.
   
3. 
   [Comilla Board- 16] One day Hazrat Omar (R) beame shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and asked where she lived. The woman replied that she lived in a poor hut south end to that town. She added that she was hungry but there was no food in her house. She also asked if he would give her something to eat. Hazrat Omar (R) told her to go back home. He added that he was coming with food and money for her.
   
4. 
   [Dinajpur Board- 16] The rich man aksed the cobbler if he (c) had saved something for future. The cobbler replied in the negative that he was happy with the present and thought little about the next day. The rich man said in the negative that it would not do. He (r) added that he (r) liked to see him (c) above want. He (r) also said to have that money and keep it.
   
5. 
   [Jessore Board- 16] I said to the rickshaw puller, “You have carried me a long way. How much should I pay you? Will fifty taka do?” He replied, “Anything is all right.”
   
6. 
   [Chittagong Board-16] Addressing the woman as his daughter the Caliph asked why her children were crying. The woman replied that they had been starving. The Caliph again asked if she had none else in the world. The woman replied that her husband had died some month ago. She added that he (H) had left them neither money nor any property. Se, they were in great distress. She also said that they had to starve sometimes. The Caliph exclaimed with sorrow and said that he might be allowed to see, ho he could help them.
   
7. 
   [Sylhet Board- 16] Once I said to a little girl, “What is your mother’s name?” She said, “I can remember my mother’s name, but I will not tell you that. I do not tell my mother’s name to anyone whom I do not know.” I said, “What a clever girl you are!”
   
8. 
   [Barishal Board- 16] Sejan asked Shawan If he knew Bangladesh Open University offered an English self-learning course. Shawan replied in the affirmative that he had heard it from his father who worked as a tutor of the course. He added that it was a six-month course known as CELP.
   

1. 
   [Rajshahi College] Alexander asked Porus how he desired to be treated. Porus replied that he desired to be treated like a king. Then Alexander asked him if he had anything else to request. Finally Porus replied in the negative.
   
2. 
   [New Govt. Degree] The judge asked the witness what his situation in life was labourer and added that he was nothing but a day labourer. Then the judge asked him how long he had known the prisoner. Then the witness replied that as long as he had known anything. He added that they were playmates and had lived in the same parish. He further said that he had known all his life.
   
3. 
   [Rajshahi Govt. City] the king’s minister said to the fool, “Why are you digging holes on the side of the road?” People passing by will put their feet in them and fall down. Haven’t you thought of this?” “Why will they fall in? I have not dug in the middle of the road. Only those who leave the straight road and come off the path, will fall into pit,” the fool said.
   
4. 
   [Rajshahi Women’s College] Drawing his attention, Nilema asked Akash if he could tell her the way to the library. In reply, Akash said that it was not too far and added that the library was just behind the building over there. He also said that he was also going there and proposed that they should go together.
   
5. 
   [Rajshahi University School & College] I asked the labourer how he (L) could do the work in two hours, and added that none had agreed to do it in less them five. In reply, he (L) said that he (L) was confident that he (L) would finish it as he (L) had told me.
   
6. 
   [Govt. Azizul Haque] My father looked at me angrily and said, “Where have you been so long and why are you wasting your time?” After a moment he said, “Will you not appear at the final examination?” I said, “I have gone to my friend’s house to borrow an essential book but he has not been at home. So I have to wait for him for that reason.”
   
7. 
   [Bogra Cantt Public] the teacher asked Rokan it he ® had cut his ® nails short. Replying negatively Rokan said that he had forgotten. The teacher said that was very bad and he ® had to be more careful about neatness and cleanliness. He added that by doing so he ® could prevent diarrhea and some other diseases too.
   
8. 
   [Govt. MR Women’s College] Alam aksed me if I always went to my office wearing trousers and carrying an umbrella. I replied in the negative. He again asked me what I did then. I told him that I usually wore trousers but did not carry an umbrella.
   
9. 
   [RDA Laboratory] The writer told Jerry that his roller-skates looked very nice. She also asked Jerry who had bought them for him. Jerry replied that his mother had bought. Then the writer asked him if she was alive. Jerry replied in the affirmative saying that she lived in Manville.
   
10. 
    [Police Lines] The lady guest said, “You’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. H don’t you follow my example and just eat one thing?” I’m sure you’ll feel ever so much better for it.” As the waiter came again with the bill of fare. I said, “I’m going to eat only one thing.”
    
11. 
    [Govt. Shaheed Bulbul] I asked the boy weather he would go to my house the next day. I also added that we would discuss teams and condition them. The boy told me that he would be very happy to meet me at my home. He also thanked me so much.
    
12. 
    [Al-hera Academy] Drawing his attention Neelima asked Akash if he could tell her way to the library and again asked him whether it was too far. Akash replied that the library was just behind the building over there and added that he was also going there. So he proposed that they should go together.
    
13. 
    [Naogaon Govt. College] George asked Symon how he (S) was. Symon replied that he was not in a hilarious spirit. Then George asked him (S) if it was Tom again. He sighed and replied in the affirmative that if was Tom again. Then George asked him (S) why he did not chuck him (T). he also added that he (S) had done everything in the world for him (T) and to do group work, the class has to be divided into groups.
    
14. 
    [Qadirabad Cantonment] the merchant asked the youth where he (Y) has going. The youth replied that he had been going to see him (M). The merchant asked him (Y) what he (Y) wanted. The youth replied that he wanted to earn his bread with the labour of his (Y) hands. The merchant asked him (Y) if he said that if he (M) had any. Then the merchant told him (Y) follow him (M) and carry a box from shop to his (M) house. The youth replied that he (Y) did not see how he (Y) could do that.
    
15. 
    [Joypurhat Govt. College] Sadia said that she had got GPA 5 in the HSC examination. Then I congratulated her and asked her what she intended to do then. Sadia replied that she wanted to study medicine. She further said that she would try to get admission into a government medical college. Then I exclaimed that it was excellent and wished her all success. Finally she thanked me.
    

1. 
   [Rajuk Uttara Model] the prince cried out and requested the dwarfs to let him for it. At this, one of the dwarfs said that they would ot sell it for the world. Then the prince said that he (P) could not stay without Snow White. Hearing this, the dwarfs took pity on the prince and told him (P) to take Snow White.
   
2. 
   [Viqarunnisa Noon] I asked Nisa what her mother’s name was. Nisa replied that she knew her mother’s name but she would not tell me that. She added that she did not tell her mother’s name to anybody whom she didn’t know. At this, I exclaimed with wonder that she was a very cleaver girl.
   
3. 
   [Notre Dame] Samir told me that he had won a lottery and gotten 40 lacs taka. I congratulated him. Then I asked him what he intended to do with the large amount of money. Samir replied that he wanted to serve his poor village people and so he had made up his mind to establish a hospital in his rural area. I thanked him and said that I would also help him in that respect.
   
4. 
   [Ideal School & College] Looking at me angrily my father said, “Where have you been so long? Why are you wasting your time?” After a moment he said, “Will you not appear at the final exam?” “I went to my friend’s house to borrow an essential book but he was not at home. So I must wait for him.” I said.
   
5. 
   [Dhaka Residential Model] “I have come here yesterday from my village,” he said. “Why did you come?” I asked. “My mother sent me to you with this letter.” “How is your mother? I have not seen her for a long time. I hope she is quite well.”
   
6. 
   [Holy Cross College] Napoleon asked the English boy why he was making such a small boat. The boy replied that he had not sent his mother for a long time. He added that he would go to his country by that boat to see her. Then Napoleon asked that boy where she lived. The English boy replied that she lived in the country on the other side of the sea. He also requested Napoleon to let him go there.
   
7. 
   [Dhaka College] Jerry told me that I looked a little bit like his mother at this, I told him that he had been only four when he had come here and then asked him if he remembered her face all those years. In reply, Jerry said that his mother lived in Manville. Then I asked him if he had seen her lately.
   
8. 
   [Dhaka City College] Shakil Asked Labib whether he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative that he had never been there. He also added that he longed for visiting the place. Shakil told that he had an opportunity to visit the sea beach the previous year. Labib proposed that they should go there that week. Shakil exclaimed with joy that it was a very excellent idea. Then Labib told shakil that he should be allowed to convince his dad first.
   
9. 
   [Dhaka Commerce College] A hawker said to Sushmita, “Will you buy any paper? I have all types of newspapers and magazines. Please take one from me.” Sushmita said, “I buy books but now I need a weekly. Don’t you have any weekly magazine?”
   
10. 
    [Lalmatia Mahila College] I asked the boy whether he would come to my house the next day. I added that we could discuss terms and conditions then. He told me that he would be very happy to meet me at my house. He also thanked me very much.
    
11. 
    [[Milestone College] The teacher asked Mijan if he (M) could tell him (T) what he (T) was teaching. In reply, Mijan told him respectfully that he (M) was sorry and added that he (M) could not follow. Then the teacher told Mijan that he (M) couldn’t because he (M) was not attentive. He (T) also told him (M) to follow him (T)
    
12. 
    [Begum Badrunnesa Govt. Girls] The old man sid to the mistress of the house, “Let me take some rest. I’ll go when the rain stops.” The mistress of the house said, “Where you come from have and where you go?” the old man said, “I have no permanent address and I don’t know my goal. The mistress said, “How strange! Are you a vagabond?” “You may call me as you like,” said the old man.
    
13. 
    [Motijheel Model] Zaman asked me if I had finished reading the book he had given me the previous day. I replied in the affirmative that I had finished reading the book. I also exclaimed with surprise that it was a very interesting book. Zaman again asked me whether I would return the book to him that day.
    
14. 
    [Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rouf] Addressing the woman as my daughter the Caliph affectionately asked why her children were crying. The woman replied that they had been starving. The Caliph asked if she had none else in the world. The women replied that her husband had died some months before and left them neither any money nor any property. She added that so they were in great distress and they had to starve whenever she failed to get anything for them to eat.
    
15. 
    [Govt. Bangla College] father asked Ratan when he (R) would start for Dhaka and why (would he (R) go there). Ratan replied that he would go to Dhaka the next day to buy some essential books. Father asked Ratan what he (R) required and if he (R) required only money. Rattan replied in the affirmative. Father told rattan not to go alone and then a time go alone and then a time go was not going well. He also told him (R) to take Tapan with him (R) and come back soon. Ratan agreed and said that they would come back before noon.
    
16. 
    [BAF Shaheen College] the student wishesh good morning to the teacher with respect. Then he (S) asked the teacher if he (S) might go in. the teacher wished good morning to the student in return and asked why he (S) was late that day. The teacher added that he(S) was very punctual student after all. The student respectfully said that he (S) was sorry for being late and added that while coming to college, he (S) experienced an incident of accident. He (S) also said that he had got late for the season. The teacher affectionately asked him (S) if he (S) was hurt replying negatively the student said that it had been not with him (S) and it had happened with a pssar-by. He added that he had helped him (P) reach the nearby hospital. The teacher exclaimed with joy that he (S) had done a great job.
    
17. 
    [BCIC College] “Fardinand, how sad! Please, don’t work so hard.” Miranda said, “My father is at his studies and he is safe for three hours. Take rest, please.” “Dear lady, I dare not.” Ferdinand said. “I have to finish my task before I take my rest.”
    
18. 
    [Ideal College-Dhanmondi] The ticket-seller said to the stranger. “Sir, where do you like to go?” the stranger said. “I want to go to Chittagong.” The ticket-seller said to the strangers, “How many tickets do you need?” the stranger replied,” I need five tickets.” The ticket-seller said, “There are the tickets. They will cost two thousand taka.”
    
19. 
    [Govt. Science College] He told me that he could chop some wood that day. At this, I told him that I had a boy coming from the orphanage. In reply, he said that he was the boy. Then I asked him if it was he and added that he was small. At this, he told me that size didn’t matter chopping wood.
    

1. 
   [Cantt Public School & College] The traveler asked the peasant if he (P) could tell him (T) the way to the nearest inn. The peasant replied in the affirmative and said that he could. The peasant then asked the traveler if he (I) wanted one in which the (T) could spend the night. The traveler replied in the negative and said that he (T) only wanted a meal.
   
2. 
   [Rangpur Govt College] The teacher asked Rita why she was talking in the class. He added that she should behave herself. Then Rita apologized to her teacher. The teacher then advised her to be attentive and listen to his lecture. He also prayed that Allah might bless her.
   
3. 
   [Police Lions] The teacher said the boy, “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” The boy said, “Yes, I think so.” The teacher said, “Then learn to be honest from you very childhood.” The boy said, “Thank you, sir.” The teacher said, “May Allah grant you a long life.”
   
4. 
   [Kurigram Govt. College] He said, “I can chop some wood today.” “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.” Said I. “I’m the boy,” he said. “But you are very small.” “Size doesn’t matter chopping wood. I have been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time,” said he.
   
5. 
   [Thakurgaon Govt. College] Alexander attacked the kingdom of Puru and defeated him. Puru was arrested. Next morning Alexander said to hi men, “Bring Puru before me. “When they brought Puru before Alexander, he said, “How do you like to be treated?” “I am a king and I like to be treated like a king” Puru boldly said.
   
6. 
   [Lion’s School & College] the officer asked Marium what she was studying. She replied that she was doing a Bachelor of Computing. The officer again asked her how she had found the course. Marium replied that actually the main difficulty for her was getting time on the computers in the computer room. She added that it was always busy and that made it very hard to do her practical work.
   
7. 
   [Saidpur Govt. Technical] She said that she drank anything for luncheon. I answered promptly that I did neither. She proceeded as though I had not spoken and said that she drank nothing except white wine. She added that those French white wines were so light and they were wonderful for digestion. I asked hospitably still but not exactly effusive what she would like.
   
8. 
   [Majuda Khatun Govt. Women’s] The mistress of the house laughed and told the porter that he might go. She added that he had gained his freedom. Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave the house till he had heard the stories of his companion.
   

1. 
   [Hamidpur Al-Hera Degree] Zayed said toRobi, “Do you have any dream? Hat is you dream?” “Yes, I have. I like to have a plate full of rice” “Really! Then I will make your dream come true.” Said Zayed with an affection note in his voice.
   
2. 
   [BAF Shaheen College] My father said, “Don’t mix with bad boys. You should read attentively as your examination is knocking at the door.” “But I do not keep any bad company. I have just asked him if he knows the date of examination,” said I.
   
3. 
   [Jessore Cantonment College] “When did you have your supper and how was it?” Mother said to Sabina. “I had my supper at 9:30. What a delicious dish you have cooked!” Sabina replied. “Thank you, darling. May your tongue be blessed,” mother said.
   
4. 
   [ Cantonment Public] The old man called his sons and said o hem that he was about to leave them a great treasure lying hidden in the estate. The sons wanted to know where it was hidden. The old man replied that he was about to tell them. He also added that they had to dig for it.
   
5. 
   [Khulna Govt. College] the women said to the king. “My lord, please don’t kill my child. Let her have him.” The king said, “Everything is clear to me now.” Pointing to the woman he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the child.”
   
6. 
   [Govt. Pioneer Girl’s] the grocer asked the fruit seller where his (G) son was. He (F) replied that a crow had carried his (G) son away. The grocer shouted and called him (F) a liar. He (G) asked the fruit seller how a crow could carry away such a big boy. The fruit seller replied that his (G) son had been carried away just the same way as nice could eat away the balance and weights.
   
7. 
   [Khulna Collegiate Girl’s] the bank officer said to Monjur, “Use this book to put money into your account and to withdraw money.” Monjur said, “What does withdraw mean?” The officer replied, “It means taking out.” “Thank you,” said Monjur to the officer.
   

1. 
   [Comilla Victoria Govt.] the librarian asked Rubel how he could help him. Rubel replied that he wanted to have a library card. Then the librarian asked him if he had his identity card. Rubel replied in the affirmative and gave it to him. He also asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at a time. In reply, the librarian said that he could borrow three books at a time.
   
2. 
   [Ispahani Pulic] the teacher asked the boy if he (B) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied that he (B) thought so. Then the teacher advised him (B) to learn to be honest from his (B) boyhood. The boy respectfully thanked him (T). Finally the teacher prayed that Allah might grant him (B) a long time.
   
3. 
   [Comilla Govt. College] Ripon wished Swapna good morning. He asked her how much preparation she had taken for the Test Exam. Swapna replied that she had taken a great preparation. She added that she could stand first. Ripon exclaimed with surprise that she was a very lucky girl. But he added that his preparation was not very nice.
   
4. 
   [Comilla Commerce College] Once I asked a sweet girl what her mother’s name was. She replied cleverly that she knew her mother’s name but she would not tell me that. I exclaimed with wonder that she was a very clever girl. Then she spoke with an air of confidence that she did not tell her mother name to anybody whom she did not know.
   
5. 
   [Comilla Shikkha Board Model] Addressing the woman as his daughter, the Caliph asked her why her children were crying. In reply the woman said that they had been starving. Then the Caliph asked her if she had none else in the world. She replied that her husband had died some months before. She added that he had left them neither any money nor any property. So, they starve whenever she failed to get anything for them to eat. Hearing this, the Caliph expressed sorrow told her to let him see how he could help her. The woman cried and requested him to do something for them.
   
6. 
   [Sonar Bangla] the poor man asked to the wise man how he (P) could improve his (P) condition. The wise man replied that by working hard and by being educated, he (P) could do so. But he (P) said that he (P) was not educated. Next, the wise man suggested him (P) to educate his (P) child and to ensure better future for the next generation.
   
7. 
   [Mosharraf Hossain Khan] the monster addressed the fisherman as the great king of genies and said that he (M) would never disobey him (F). Hearing those words, the fishermen became very brave and told the monster to tell him (F) why he (M) had been locked up in the vase. The giant looked at the fisherman and told him to speak to him more politely or he would kill him (F). the fisherman asked him (M) why he (M) would kill him (F)
   
8. 
   [Brahmanbaria Govt. College] The teacher asked the boy he (B) had made a noise in the class and added that he (B) was not attentive to his lessons. The boy apologized at this and added that he (B) had been asking for a pen to his friend. Then the teacher advised him to be attentive and listen to him (T) carefully.
   
9. 
   [Brahmanbaria Govt. Women’s] my friend asked me why I was sitting alone in my room at that hour. He further asked me if I didn’t see the rain had stopped and the sky was clear. He then proposed that we should go for a walk in the open field. I angrily told him to leave me alone. He agreed to it.
   
10. 
    [Nabinagar Govt.] The officer asked the man what he was doing and why he wanted to know the time and that was why he was counting the dogs. This answer surprised the officer even more. He shook his head sadly and exclaimed that he was a very strange man. He also thought that he must be either foolish or quite mad.
    
11. 
    [Chandpur Govt. College] Addressing the king as her lord the woman requested him not to kill the child. Pointing to the woman the king told the servant to let her have him (ch) as everything was clear to him (k) then. Then the king told him (s) to give her the child because she was the mother of the baby.
    

‘Pro’ means acting as a substitute for. It is a word used as a substitute for a noun or a noun equivalent. (Pro A_© weKíiæ‡c Kvi Kiv| †h word ev kãwU noun ev noun RvZxq k‡ãi weKí wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq ZvB Pronoun (me©bvg)|

There are eight kinds of pronouns (Pronouns AvU cÖKvi):

1. 
   Personal Pronoun (e¨w³evPK me©bvg)
   
2. 
   Interrogative Pronoun (cÖkœ‡evaK me©bvg)
   
3. 
   Distribute Pronoun (¯^vZš¿evPK me©bvg)
   
4. 
   Demonstrative pronoun (wb‡`©kK me©bvg)
   
5. 
   Reflexive and Emphatic pronoun (AvZ¡NwUZ I †SuvKcÖeY me©bvg)
   
6. 
   Reciprocal pronoun (cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK©evPK me©bvg)
   
7. 
   Indefinite pronoun (Awbw`©óZvÁvcK me©bvg)
   

1. 
   Personal Pronoun (e¨w³evPK me©bvg)
   

I am a student. You can do everything. He is my brother. I can do it. It is my work.

• 
  Personal Pronoun Avevi wZb cÖKvi:
  

1. 
   First person (DËg cyiæl): The first person refers to the person speaking or writing. (whwb e‡jb ev ‡j‡Lb wZwbB First person ev DËg cyiæl)| †hgb- I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours etc.
   
2. 
   Second person (ga¨g cyiæl): The second person refers to the person addressed. (‡h e¨w³‡K m‡¤^vab Kiv nq wZwbB Second person ev ga¨g cyiæl| †hgb-you, your, yours.
   
3. 
   Third person (bvg cyiæl): The third person refers to the person spoken or written about. (hvi m¤ú‡K© ejv nq ev †jLv nq wZwbB Third person ev bvg cyiæl| †hgb- he, she, him, his, they, them, their, theirs, it, its.
   

• 
  Character tics of Pronoun:
  

This is my room. (Determiner), This book is mine. (Predicate)

2. 
   Interrogative Pronoun (cÖkœ‡evaK me©bvg)
   

• 
  The use of Interrogative pronouns:
  

1. 
   Who: Person ev e¨w³ ‡evSv‡Z who (‡K/Kviv) subject wn‡m‡e, whom (Kv‡K/Kv‡`i) object wn‡m‡e Ges whose (Kvi/Kv‡`i) possessive wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

Whom do you like? / Who do you like? (Zzwg Kv‡K PvI?)

Whose is this book? / Whose book is this? (GB eBwU Kvi?)

NB: AvaywbK Bs‡iwR‡Z object wn‡m‡e whom Gi cwie‡Z© who e¨eüZ nq| Avevi, possessive wn‡m‡e whose Avjv`v bv ewm‡q noun- Gi c~‡e© adjective wn‡m‡e †ewk e¨eüZ nq|

2. 
   Which: A‡bK e¨w³ ev e¯‘i ga¨ †_‡K GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘ †e‡Q †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î which (‡KvbwU/‡KvbRb) e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

3. 
   What: Kv‡iv †ckv ev †KvbwKQz m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ what (Kx) e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb-
   

NB: Which and What interrogative ev‡K© adjective wn‡m‡eI e¨eüZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î which & what noun-Gi c~‡e© attributive wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-

Which pen do you want? (‡Kvb KjgwU Zzwg PvI?)

What factors should be considered? (Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ?)

3. 
   Distributive Pronoun (¯^vZšÍ¨evPK me©bvg)
   

Either of the roads leads to the market. (cÖwZwU iv¯ÍvB evRv‡i wM‡q‡Q|)

Neither of the girls was late. (‡Kv‡bv evwjKvB †`wi K‡i Av‡mwb|)

• 
  The Use of Distributive Pronoun:
  

1. 
   Each: Each gv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K (cÖwZ+GK)| GwU GK ev GKRb GKRb K‡i mKj‡K ev mewKQz‡K †evSvq| GwU `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

Pronoun wn‡m‡e each mvaviYZ wZbfv‡e e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-

1. 
   Each of+ subject. ‡hgb-
   

2. 
   Subject I verb Gi gvSLv‡b| †hgb-
   

They each had been told. (Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ejv n‡qwQj|)

3. 
   msL¨v evPK k‡ãi c‡i| †hgb-
   

2. 
   Either: `yB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i g‡a¨ Ô‡h †Kvb GKwU ev GKRb‡KÕ †evSv‡Z either e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

There are two pens; neither is good. (`ywU Kjg Av‡Q; Zv‡`i ‡h †Kv‡bv GKwU fvj|)

3. 
   `yB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i g‡a¨ Ô‡KvbwUB bqÕ A‡_© neither e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

There are two pens; neither is good. (`ywU Kjg Av‡Q; G‡`i ‡KvbwUB fv‡jv bq|)

NB: Each, either, neither- Gi ci of e¨eüZ bv n‡q mivmwi noun e¨eüZ n‡j G¸‡jv adjective wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Avevi, either/neither Gi c‡i or/nor e¨eüZ n‡j Zv conjunction wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †hgb-

Each boy got a prize. (cÖ‡Z¨KwU evjK cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQj|) [Adjective]

There are trees on either side of the roads. (iv¯Ívi `yB cv‡k MvQcvjv Av‡Q|) [Adjective]

Either this pen or that pen was bought from China. (GB KjvgwU bv bq IB KjvgwU Pxb †_‡K †Kbv n‡qwQj| [Conjunction]

4. 
   Demonstrative Pronoun (wb‡`©kK me©bvg)
   

This is our new house. (GUv Avgv‡`i bZzb evwo)

That is his new car. (IUv Zvi bZzb Mvwo)

• 
  The use of Demonstrative Pronoune
  

1. 
   wbKUeZ©x †Kv‡bvwKQz ev KvD‡K †evSv‡Z this I those Ges `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv wKQz ev KvD‡K †evSv‡Z that I those e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

That is his new car. (IUv Zvi bZzb Mvwo|) Those are his new friends. (I¸‡jv Zvi bZzb eÜz|)

2. 
   eZ©gv‡b wKQz Pj‡Q ev ïiæ n‡Z hv‡”Q Ggb †evSv‡Z this e¨eüZ nq| Aci c‡ÿ, †Kv‡bv wKQz AZx‡Z ev GBgvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q Giƒc eySv‡Z that e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

That was nice. (‡kl n‡q‡Q Ggb wKQz) Who said that? (‡kl n‡q‡Q Ggb wKQz)

3. 
   c~e©eZ©x clause ev sentence- G `ywU noun _vK‡j Ges cieZ©x sentence G Zv‡`i wb‡`©k Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_gwUi Rb¨ this Ges c‡iiwUi Rb¨ that e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

4. 
   c~‡e©i †Kv‡bv noun ev clause -‡K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ this/that e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

5. 
   Speaker (e³v) †Uwj‡dv‡b ev †gvevB‡j wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡Z this Ges †kÖvZvi (hearer) cwiPq Rvb‡Z that (British) ev this (American) e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

Who is this? (Avcwb †K ej‡Qb?)

6. 
   GKwU noun- ‡K evievi D‡jøL bv Ki‡Z DwjøwLZ noun wU singular n‡j that I plural n‡j those e¨eüZ nq| ‡hgb-
   

The mangoes of Rajshahi are sweeter than those of Dinajpur. (ivRkvnxi Avg w`bvRcy‡ii Av‡gi †P‡q wgwó|)

The station of Gaibandha is not as big as that of Rajshahi. (MvBevÜv †÷kb ivRkvnx †÷k‡bi gZ eo bq|)

5. 
   Relative Pronoun (m¤^Üm~PK me©bvg)
   

• 
  Who (‡K/Kviv): GwU subject wn‡m‡e e¨w³i cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq| †hgbÑ
  

• 
  Whom (hv‡K/hv‡`i): GwU who Gi objective form. GwU object wn‡m‡e e¨w³i cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
  

• 
  Whose (hvi/hv‡`i): GwU who Gi possessive form. GwU e¨w³, e¯‘ Df‡qi gvwjKvbv ev AwaKvi †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
  

• 
  Which (‡hUv): GwU subject I object wn‡m‡e BZi cÖvYx, A‡PZb e¯‘ I wkïi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
  

They have a cow which gave them much milk. (Zv‡`i GKUv Mvfx Av‡Q †hUv Zv‡`i A‡bK `ya †`q|)

This is the baby which cried for its mother. (GB wkïwUB Zvi gv‡qi Rb¨ Kvbœv KiwQj|)

• 
  That (‡h/‡hUv/whwb): GwU subject I object wn‡m‡e e¨w³, e¯‘, I cÖvYxi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
  

A dog that barks seldom bits. (‡h KzKzi †ND †ND K‡i †m Kvgovq bv)

Take anything that you like. (‡h wRwbmUv †Zvgvi cQ›` nq wb‡q bvI|)

• 
  What (‡hUv/hv): Relative pronoun wn‡m‡e what e¯‘i cwie‡Z© that which- Gi mvgwóK A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| What- Gi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv antecedent (hv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i) _v‡K bv| †hgb-
  

What cannot be cured must be endured. (hv Dckg Kiv hvq bv Zv mn¨ Ki‡ZB n‡e|)

Whom the gods love, die young. (‡`eZviv hv‡K fvjev‡mb, †m hyeK eq‡m g„Zz¨eiY K‡i|)

The man (whom) I invited is my friend. (‡h ‡jvKwU‡K Avwg `vIqvZ K‡iwQjvg, †m Avgvi eÜz|)

6. 
   Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns (AvZ¥NwUZ I †SuvKcÖeY me©bvg)
   

She blamed herself. (‡m wb‡R‡KB †`vlv‡ivc K‡iwQj|) [Reflexive Pronoun]

They themselves admitted their guilt. (ZvivB Zv‡`i ‡`vl ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj|) [Emphatic Pronoun]

7. 
   Reciprocal Pronoun (cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK©evPK me©bvg)
   

The two brothers helped each other. (`yB fvB G‡K Aci‡K mnvqZv K‡iwQj|)

The ten students love one another. (`kRb wkÿv_©x G‡K Ab¨‡K fv‡jvev‡m|)

NB: Each other, one another e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î we‡kl †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ bv _vK‡jI `yB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î each other Ges `y‡qi AwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î one another e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|

8. 
   Indefinite Pronouns (Awbw`©óZvÁvcK me©bvg)
   

One/all should love one’s/their mother. (mK‡j gv‡K kÖ×v Kiv DwPZ|)

Many saw the accident. (A‡b‡KB `yN©UbvwU †`‡LwQj|)

They believe man becomes ghost after death. (Zviv wek¦vm K‡i gvbyl g„Zz¨i c‡i f‚Z nq|)

• 
  The Use of some indefinite pronouns
  

1. 
   One:
   

1. 
   ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ Awbw`©ófv‡e KvD‡K †evSv‡Z subject I object wn‡m‡e one; possessive wn‡m‡e one’s, reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e oneself e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

I like one who is friendly. (‡h eÜzZ¡civqY Zv‡KB Avwg cQ›` Kwi|) [object wn‡m‡e]

One should loves one’s country. (cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †`k‡K fvjevmv DwPr|) [Possessive wn‡m‡e]

One should keep oneself clean. (wb‡R‡K cwi®‹vi ivLv DwPr) [Reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e]

2. 
   c~e©eZ©x †Kv‡bv noun Gi cybive„wË Gov‡bvi Rb¨ singular noun Gi ‡ÿ‡Î one Ges plural Gi †ÿ‡Î ones e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

These mangoes are sour; those are sweet ones. (GB Avg¸‡jv UK; I¸‡jv wgwó|)

3. 
   One of Gi ci noun/pronoun-wU plural nq Ges verb wU singular nq| Gi ci possessive e¨eüZ n‡j one’s bv n‡q his, her nq| †hgb-
   

2. 
   None: Not+one Gi mswÿß i~c none. ‡Kv‡bv Awbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘i †Kv‡bvwUB bv †evSv‡Z none e¨eüZ nq| None countable noun/pronoun-‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j ‘verb’ singular ev plural n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ none uncountable noun/pronoun-‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j verb me©`vB singular nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, none of Gici plural noun ev pronoun e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

:Is there any water in this pot? (cv‡Î wK †Kv‡bv cvwb Av‡Q?)

:No, there is none. (bv, †KD †bB|) [Uncountable]

None of the girls is/are beautiful. (evwjKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KDB my›`ix bq|)

3. 
   Some: Awbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i wKQz msL¨v ev cwigvY †evSv‡Z some e¨eüZ nq| Some me©`vB plural noun ev pronoun-‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Ges Gi ci plural verb e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-
   

There are many tables here; some are old and some are new. (GLv‡b A‡bK ‡Uwej Av‡Q; wKQz cy‡iv‡bv Avi wKQz bZzb|)

Some of my friends are illiterate. (Avgvi wKQz eÜz AwkwÿZ|)

NB: Some me©`vB affirmative ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e offers (cÖ¯Íve) ev requests (Aby‡iva) †evSv‡Z ‘yes’ Dˇi interrogative ev‡K¨I e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-

Would you give me some more meat? (Av‡iv wKQz gvsm wb‡e?) [offers (cÖ¯Íve)]

Could you give me some rice, please? (`qv K‡I, Avgv‡K wKQz fvZ w`‡Z cv‡ib?) [requests (Aby‡iva)]

4. 
   Any: Indefinite pronoun wn‡m‡e any e¨w³ ev e¯‘ Df‡qi cwie‡Z© singular ev plural Dfq number G e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| Bnv negative I interrogative ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-
   

1. 
   Have you solved the problems? (Zzwg wK mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb K‡iQ?)
   
2. 
   No, I haven’t solved any. (bv, Avwg GKUvI mgvavb Kwiwb|)
   

1. 
   Do you have any grammar book? (‡Zvgvi wK †Kv‡bv e¨vKiY eB Av‡Q?)
   
2. 
   No, I haven’t any. (bv, Avgvi †bB|)
   

Pronoun reference Gi ‡ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ †hme pronoun Gi AwaKZi e¨envi n‡q _v‡K Zv‡`i wewfbœ aib I e¨envi m¤ú‡K© mswÿß Av‡jvPbv †`Iqv n‡jv:

1. 
   I/me/my/mine/myself
   

1. 
   I think I’d better go now. (subject)
   
2. 
   Don’t disturb me. (object)
   
3. 
   This is my pen. (possessive)
   
4. 
   This pen is mine. (possessive)
   
5. 
   I myself did the work. (reflexive)
   

2. 
   we/us/our/ours/ourselves
   

1. 
   e³v ev †kÖvZv Zvi wb‡R‡Kmn Ab¨‡`i‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ subject wn‡m‡e we, object object wn‡m‡e us; possessive wn‡m‡e our/ours Ges reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e ourselves e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|
   

1. 
   We’ve moved to Australia. (Subject)
   
2. 
   We will take the dog with us. (object)
   
3. 
   Our staple food is rice. (Possessive)
   
4. 
   Their house is very similar to ours. (Possessive)
   
5. 
   We shouldn’t blame ourselves for what happened. (reflexive)
   

2. 
   mvaviYfv‡e †jvKRb‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨I we e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   We should take care of our historic buildings. (people in general)
   
2. 
   We live on a complex planet. (people in general)
   

3. 
   you/your/your’s/yourself
   

1. 
   ‡kÖvZv ev ‡kÖvZvi group ev `j‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ subject I object wn‡m‡e you; possessive wn‡m‡e you/yours Ges reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e yourself/yourselves e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   You are a good girl. (Subject)
   
2. 
   I think she told you the matter. (Object)
   
3. 
   This is your pen. (Possessive)
   
4. 
   This pen is yours. (Possessive)
   
5. 
   You have done the mistake yourself. (Reflexive)
   

2. 
   mvaviYfv‡e †jvKRb‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨I we e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   You learn a language better if you visit the country. (people in general)
   
2. 
   You can never be sure what I am thinking. (People in general)
   
3. 
   You have to be over 20 to buy alcohol in Florida. (People in general)
   

4. 
   He/him/his/himself
   

1. 
   c~‡e© DwjøwLZ †Kv‡bv cyiæl e¨w³ ev cÖvYx‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ subject wn‡m‡e he I object wn‡m‡e him; possessive wn‡m‡e his Ges reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e himself e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Everyone liked my father. He was a school teacher. (subject)
   
2. 
   This is Karim. I like him very much. (object)
   
3. 
   I love his sense of humour, don’t you? (possessive)
   
4. 
   In despair, the young boy had hanged himself. (reflexive)
   

2. 
   ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖvYx cyiæl bv gwnjv Zv Rvbv bv _vK‡j he e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Every child needs to know that he is loved. (cyiæl bv gwnjv, wbwðZ bq)
   
2. 
   He who hesitates is lost. (cyiæl bv gwnjv, wbwðZ bq)
   
3. 
   Everyone should do what he considers best. (cyiæl bv gwnjv, wbwðZ bq)
   

5. 
   She/her/hers/herself
   

1. 
   This is Trisha. She is my younger sister. (subject)
   
2. 
   Do you know the girl? I like her. (object)
   
3. 
   Sharmin is a beautiful girl. Her eyes are black. (Possessive)
   
4. 
   The choice was hers. (Possessive)
   
5. 
   She must be very proud of herself. (reflexive)
   

6. 
   It/its/itself
   

1. 
   Where’s your office? It is on the third floor. (subject)
   
2. 
   Is this your pen? Give it to me, please. (object)
   
3. 
   The hotel has its own pool. (possessive)
   
4. 
   The machine switches itself off when the process is complete. (reflexive)
   

7. 
   They/them/their/theirs/themselves
   

1. 
   `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³, e¯‘, ev cÖvYx †evSv‡Z subject wn‡m‡e they, object wn‡m‡e them, possessive wn‡m‡e their/theirs Ges reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e themselves e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Where are John and Liza? They went for a walk. (subject)
   
2. 
   What are you doing with those matches? Give them to me. (object)
   
3. 
   Which is their house? (possessive)
   
4. 
   Theirs are the children with very fair hair. (reflexive)
   

2. 
   ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖvYx cyiæl bv gwnjv Zv †evSv bv †M‡j he/she Gi cwie‡Z© they e‡m|
   

1. 
   If anyone arrives late, they’ll have to wait outside. (he or she)
   
2. 
   Does anyone here consider themselves a good cook? (himself or herself)
   

3. 
   mvaviYfv‡e †jvKRb, KZ©„cÿ ev we‡klÁ‡`i †evSv‡Z they e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   They cut off my water line. (authority)
   
2. 
   They now say that red wine is good for health. (experts)
   

8. 
   One/ones/one’s/oneself
   

1. 
   c~‡e© DwjøwLZ ev cwiwPZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K †evSv‡Z singular wn‡m‡e one Ges plural wn‡m‡e ones e¨eüZ nq| Aciw`‡K, one-Gi possessive wn‡m‡e one’s Ges reflexive pronoun wn‡m‡e oneself e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Moyna was wearing her new dress, the red one. (new dress)
   
2. 
   The only jokes I tell are the ones that I hear from you. (that jokes)
   
3. 
   One should love one’s country. (possessive)
   
4. 
   One likes to do it oneself. (reflexive)
   

2. 
   e³vi mv‡_ mvaviY RbM‡Yi D‡jøL †evSv‡Z we A‡_© one e¨eüZ nq|
   

9. 
   This/these
   

1. 
   wbKUeZ©x †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, Ae¯’v ev Ae¯’vb †evSv‡Z singular wn‡m‡e this Ges plural wn‡m‡e these e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   This is your shirt, isn’t it?
   
2. 
   This is my sister, Trisha.
   
3. 
   These are books that you want.
   

2. 
   GBgvÎ DwjøwLZ †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb, cÖvYx, Ae¯’v ev NUbv m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL Ki‡ZI This/these e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   We must make sure this does not happen again. (accident that has happened now)
   
2. 
   These will be solved step by step. (present problems)
   
3. 
   These are the best man. (the people present here)
   

10. 
    That/those
    

1. 
   `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, Ae¯’v, Ae¯’vb ev NUbv †evSv‡Z singular wn‡m‡e that Ges plural wn‡m‡e those e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Is that my pen you’ve got there?
   
2. 
   Our tomatoes never get as big as those.
   

2. 
   c~‡e© DwjøwLZ ev c~e©cwiwPZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘ ev NUbv‡K †evSv‡ZI that/those e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   Do you remember when we went to Chittagong? That was a nice trip.
   
2. 
   You never cared about me. That’s not true. (that matter)
   
3. 
   In my childhood, I played with my school friends. Those were my best friends.
   

3. 
   Relative pronoun wn‡m‡e e¨w³, e¯‘ Df‡qi cwie‡Z© that e¨eüZ nq|
   

1. 
   There are lots of things that I need to buy now. (after objects)
   
2. 
   The people that live next door friendly. (after person)
   

11. 
    Which
    

1. 
   Which are the most important crops? (for important crops)
   
2. 
   Did you see the letter which came today? (
   

12. 
    Who/whom/whose
    

1. 
   Do you know the people who live over the road? (subject)
   
2. 
   I know this person whom I met two days ago. (object)
   
3. 
   That’s the man whose house has burned down. (after person as possessive)
   
4. 
   Solar energy is an idea whose time has come. (after object as possessive)
   

13. 
    When
    

1. 
   Tamalika was nine when her father died.
   
2. 
   When he was child, he was a bad boy. (childhood time)
   

14. 
    Where
    

1. 
   Where have you come from? (which place)
   
2. 
   This is the place where I hid they key.
   

1. 
   `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK singular subject ‘and’ w`‡q hy³ n‡j Zv‡`i cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ pronoun-wU plural nq|
   

1. 
   He and his friend will do their home tasks together. (Not his)
   
2. 
   Karim and Rahim help them each other in danger. (not him)
   

2. 
   And Øviv hy³ singular subject-¸‡jvi cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© the e¨eüZ n‡j Zv GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K †evSvq Ges G‡ÿ‡Î c‡i e¨eüZ verb I pronoun -wU singular nq|
   

1. 
   The secretary and adviser is walking to his office. (GKB e¨w³, not their)
   
2. 
   The Principle and chairman of our college is in his room. (GKB e¨w³, not their)
   

3. 
   And Øviv hy³ singular subject-¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi c~‡e© the e¨eüZ n‡j Zv Avjv`v Avjv`v e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K †evSvq Ges G‡ÿ‡Î c‡i e¨eüZ verb I pronoun wU plural nq|
   

1. 
   The secretary and the lawyer are going to their offices. (`yRb e¨w³ Avjv`v, not his)
   
2. 
   The manager and the coordinator are working in their respective rooms. (Avjv`v e¨w³, not him)
   

4. 
   And Øviv hy³ singular subject-¸‡jvi c~‡e© each/every _vK‡j c‡i e¨eüZ pronoun-wU singular nq| G‡ÿ‡Î subject-¸‡jvi gender (wj½) Avjv`v Avjv`v n‡j c‡i e¨eüZ pronoun wU plural nq|
   

1. 
   Every student and every teacher should do his/her duties properly. (not their)
   
2. 
   Each boy and each girl was given their prize. (not his/her)
   

5. 
   Either….or, Neither….nor, not only….but also Øviv `ywU subject hy³ _vK‡j wØZxq subject Abyhvqx verb I pronoun e‡m|
   

1. 
   Neither Surovi nor Tuly has done her duty. (not their)
   
2. 
   Not only Mina but also her cousins will bring their camera. (not her)
   

6. 
   As, well as, along with, together with, with, besides, including, excluding BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU subject hy³ _vK‡j cÖ_g subject Abyhvqx verb Ges pronoun e‡m|
   

1. 
   Rima along with four children and her husband is staying Khulna for her relax.
   

7. 
   ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ first person, second person I third person-GKB mv‡_ e¨eüZ n‡j cÖ_‡g second person (2) Zvici third person (3) Ges †k‡l first person (1) ev 231 order e¨eüZ nq| Ges cieZ©x‡Z pronoun e¨eüZ n‡j Zv first person plural nq|
   

(ii) You, Sabbir and I were present there in our meeting.

wKš‘ †`vl ¯^xKvi Kiv †evSv‡j Gi wecixZ order 132 ev cÖ_‡g first person (1) Zvici third person (3) Ges †k‡l second person (2) e¨eüZ nq|

(i) I, he and you are guilty for our misdeeds.

(ii) I, he and you are to blame for our dishonesty.

8. 
   ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ first person –Gi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv person ‘and’ Øviv hy³ _vK‡j Zvi cieZ©x pronoun- wU first person plural nq|
   

(ii) You and I should discuss our problems.

9. 
   ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ second person-Gi mv‡_ third person ‘and’ Øviv hy³ _vK‡j c‡i e¨eüZ pronoun-wU second person plural nq|
   

(ii) Both Sadia and you make your brilliant result.

10. 
    Collective noun (mgwóevPK we‡kl¨)-Gi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ pronoun-wU singular number I neuter gender (its) nq| Collective noun-wU noun of multitude wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡j Gi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ pronoun-wU third person plural nq|
    

1. 
   The jury is strict in its opinion. (undivided whole)
   
2. 
   The jury are divided in their opinion. (Noun of multitude)
   

A cook once roasted a duck for its master. He looked so delicious that he could not resist the temptation and ate up one of the drumsticks. When he sat down to eat the meal, he quickly noticed the missing leg. He asked him what had happened to the other leg. The cooked told him that it had one leg only. The master said that there was no such thing as a one-legged duck but the cook insisted that every duck had only one leg.

Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas her sister, Salma, reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw because it is five kilometers away from his home. Today, she is going to school with her father because her brother, Salam is sick. He is taking medicine and bed rest.

Travelling is apart of education. These means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. Thus gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This limits his vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, my knowledge may be enriched.

On a summer day, becoming very thirsty, a lion and a boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. Those fiercely quarrelled which of them should drink first, and were soon engaged in a mortal fighting. On his stopping on a sudden to take breath for renewal of the fighting. It saw some vultures waiting in the distance to feast on the one which should fall first. They at once stopped the quarrel, saying, "That is better for us to make friends than to become the food of crows or vultures, as will certainly happen it ourselves are disabled."

Women are nowadays as important as men in society. She constitutes nearly half of our total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of it darkness. Without the uplift of women, it is not at all possible. Again without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to her so that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programmes.

Life is full of struggles. These are quite normal in any one's life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, it has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes he can overcome those but sometimes he fails to combat them. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of such to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight them successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, they are unanimous that obstacles are the ways of life. Infact, a man has to undergo many in his life.

A stormy night is fearful and horrible. They causes untold suffering to the people. In a stormy night the whole sky is totally overcast with dark cloud. Only the roaring of violent wind can be heard. The wind begins to blow with fearful sound from no directions. People get frightened with sound of storm. In addition to it, there is thundering and lightning. The frequent thundering and lightning causes much terror and fear in the mind of the people whom always think that this night may be the end of our lives and the terrible and destructive storm will never come to an end. Storm causes harm to them. The house roofs are blown away. Many trees are uprooted. A large number of house and shelters are damaged within a very short time. Standing crops are badly damaged. They is thus a dreadful night to the people.

In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women of equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they doing. In the matter of attitude, they need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

The sun is getting hotter. It is also very old. It is about 4,500 million years old. The earth's climate has been changing for all those. But the climate is heating up much faster now. Humans and their machines are responsible for this. Almost all machines use fuels such as oil, gas, coal. All produce pollution. Much of this pollution contains a gas called carbon dioxide. This gas is responsible for the pollution of the atmosphere. To prevent such we should plant trees which produce oxygen in the atmosphere.

Once upon a time there was a mother who had three daughters, the eldest of which was rude and wicked, the second much better but the youngest was a pious and good child. She was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only and she could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent her out into the great forest in order to get rid of her. She thought that she would lose herself and never come back again. Once she could not find her way out of the forest and she walked on constantly until evening came and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance and ran up to it at once.

Politicians always give high hopes to the common people. They also give them the assurances that they will solve all the problems if they are elected. They raise a storm over a tea cup about those problems and their solutions. They are habituated in giving false commitments. But when they come to power, they forget these to they people. Common people are puppets in the hand of them. Most of them play tricks with the people. But they should sincerely do something for the people who have elected them. They should work for the sake of them because they have a lot of expectations from them.

Mr. Ahmed always takes his children with him when he goes to any place of historical interest. The children are all teenagers. The behave well in the beginning and become curious in any object they see. But after some time, boredom begins to affect themselves. Twelve years old, Dripto likes to move alone and wanders away. If anybody tells her "Are you lost, little boy?" he pretends that he hears none and keeps walking away. Then years old Diana takes off its shoes and leaves it anywhere. Mr. Ahmed always realizes that he won't have any son and his daughter won't have any shoes. Without worrying what everybody will think, he always calls out loudly, "Babies, get back here right now!"

Trees are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without it. We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which it absorbs. Besides, we get foods from trees and fire wood to cook it. But some unconscious people cut down trees indiscriminately. They should be brought to book. Furthermore, one should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth.

The patriotic feeling of the Bangalee people was always strong. They always tried to make different movements and it was possible for them because of that. The British were compelled to postpone the annual meeting about the division of Bengal in the face of such. At this stage, many young persons became inclined towards armed revolution. The British rulers took stern action against those. But they could not stop them from making continuous movements. The British colonial rule came to an end due to these. The Indian subcontinent became independent in 1947 and as such India and Pakistan came into being.

Sense of humour is a very good quality of successful teacher. This works wonders in teaching. Any boring class can be turned into an interesting one by creating it. Mr. Ahmed can make his students laugh in the class in different ways. It increases respect of them towards him. My presentation skill is different than other. His boy language is his main aid and he keeps it positive at all times. It is certainly a very fascinating quality. I am sure this will greatly help him become a successful teacher.

I am Dorothy. I am a student of class XII of Mymensing Girls' High School. I like it very much. I listen to music in my free time. I like folk song but my father does not like these. My father likes classical song very much. He never watches pop musical programmes in TV. He says he hates those. He also says our children are going to astray watching those because they don't appeal to emotions. I also like gardening. I have planted many flowers in my garden. When these are in full bloom, I have to watch them. I am very happy about the flowers that I grow. I just adore them.

Bashundara City is undoubtedly a very pompous shopping mall in Dhaka City. This Bashundhara City is called a city within a city. But once it was set on fire by an accident. The reason of that was unknown. Many people became victims of that accident. These were mostly the employees of the shopping mall. As soon as the fire broke out, people were running to and from to save themselves. But the irony of fate was that, many of those people had to die. Fire brigade and some other government and non-government organization came to extinguish the fire. Some people came out safe and sound but many of those people could not escape the death from that accident. We should be careful so that such accident may not occur in any circumstance.

Read the newspaper carefully, Everyday one will find in the newspaper many examples of human joy and human tragedy which can give you ideas for articles, essays or short stories. Keep a notebook in which to put down the information you notice, or ideas that come to you when you are out walking. When you are reading a book or magazine, or at an other time. Some people get the ideas in the bath, or when they are awake during the night. Unless the write it down at once they often forget them.

He who loves him country is a patriot. A patriot loves their country more than his own life. Bangladesh needs patriots more in number. They are honoured by everyone. They are remembered even after his death. They should love the country in order to be patriots.

Once a king ordered his cook to prepare a delicious duck roast. When it was cooked, he could not resist his temptation and ate one of the legs of roasted duck. When he sat to eat, he found one of the legs of it was missing and so, he asked him about it. But the cook said that it had only one leg. At this, he got furious and said that there was no such thing as a one-legged duck.

A cook once roasted a duck for its master. It/The roast looked so delicious that the cook could not resist the temptation and ate up one of the drumsticks. When the master sat down to eat the meal, he quickly noticed the missing leg. He asked the cook what had happened to the other leg. The cooked told him that it had one leg only. The master said that there was no such thing as a one-legged duck but the cook insisted that this duck had only one leg.

Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas her sister, Salma, reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw, because the school/their school is five kilometers away from their home. Today, Salma is going to school with her father because her brother, Salam is sick. Salam is taking medicine and bed rest.

Travelling is apart of education. It means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. Travelling gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This aversion limits their vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, one's/our knowledge may be enriched.

On a summer day, becoming very thirsty, a lion and a boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. They fiercely quarrelled which of them should drink first, and were soon engaged in a mortal fighting. On their stopping on a sudden to take breath for renewal of the fighting. They saw some vultures waiting in the distance to feast on the one which should fall first. They at once stopped the quarrel, saying, "It/This is better for us to make friends than to become the food of crows or vultures, as will certainly happen we are disabled."

Women are nowadays as important as men in society. They constitute nearly half of our total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of its population in darkness. Without the uplift of women, development/real progress is not at all possible. Again without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to women so that they can work hand in hand with men in all development programmes.

Life is full of struggles. Struggles are quite normal in any one's life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, life has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes he can overcome barriers but sometimes he fails to combat barriers. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of troubles to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight challenges successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, scholars are unanimous that obstacles are the ways of life. Infact, a man has to undergo obstacles in his life.

A stormy night is fearful and horrible. It causes untold suffering to the people. In a stormy night the whole sky is totally overcast with dark cloud. Only the roaring of violent wind can be heard. The wind begins to blow with fearful sound from no directions. People get frightened with sound of storm. In addition to it, there is thundering and lightning. The frequent thundering and lightning causes much terror and fear in the mind of the people who always think that this night may be the end of their lives and the terrible and destructive storm will never come to an end. It causes harm to them. The house roofs are blown away. Many trees are uprooted. A large number of house and shelters are damaged within a very short time. Standing crops are badly damaged. They is thus a dreadful night to the people.

In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women of equal terms. Women are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among them are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that the rules are often denied by another woman. We first have to make women aware of the great harm they doing. In the matter of attitude, women need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

The sun is getting hotter. It is also very old. It is about 4,500 million years old. The earth's climate has been changing for all those years. But the climate is heating up much faster now. Humans and their machines are responsible for this heating. Almost all machines use fuels such as oil, gas, coal. These fuels produce pollution. Much of this pollution contains a gas called carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the pollution of the atmosphere. To prevent carbon dioxide we should plant trees which produce oxygen in the atmosphere.

Once upon a time there was a mother who had three daughters, the eldest of whom was rude and wicked, the second much better but the youngest was a pious and good child. The mother was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only and she could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent her youngest daughter out into the great forest in order to get rid of her. The youngest daughter thought that she would lose herself and never come back again. Once the youngest child/daughter could not find her way out of the forest and she walked on constantly until evening came and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance and ran up to it at once.

Politicians always give high hopes to the common people. The politicians also give them the assurances that the politicians will solve all the problems if they are elected. They raise a storm over a tea cup about those problems and their solutions. They are habituated in giving false commitments. But when they come to power, they forget the commitments to they people. Common people are puppets in the hand of the politicians. Most of them play tricks with the people. But they should sincerely do something for the people who have elected them. They should work for the sake of the people because they have a lot of expectations from them.

Mr. Ahmed always takes his children with him when he goes to any place of historical interest. The children are all teenagers. The Children behave well in the beginning and become curious in any object they see. But after some time, boredom begins to affect the children. Twelve years old, Dripto likes to move alone and wanders away. If anybody tells him "Are you lost, little boy?" he pretends that he hears none and keeps walking away. Then years old Diana takes off her shoes and leaves it anywhere. Mr. Ahmed always realizes that he won't have any son and his daughter won't have any shoes. Without worrying what everybody will think, Mr. Ahmed always calls out loudly, "Babies, get back here right now!"

Trees are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without trees. We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which a tree absorbs. Besides, we get foods from trees and fire wood to cook food. But some unconscious people cut down trees indiscriminately. The culprits should be brought to book. Furthermore, we should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth.

The patriotic feeling of the Bangalee people was always strong. The Bangalee people always tried to make different movements and it was possible for the Bangalee people because of that. The British were compelled to postpone the annual meeting about the division of Bengal in the face of such patriotic feelings. At this stage, many young persons became inclined towards armed revolution. The British rulers took stern action against the young people. But the British could not stop them from making continuous movements. The British colonial rule came to an end due to these. The Indian subcontinent became independent in 1947 and as such India and Pakistan came into being.

Sense of humour is a very good quality of successful teacher. This quality works wonders in teaching. Any boring class can be turned into an interesting one by creating humour. Mr. Ahmed can make his students laugh in the class in different ways. It increases respect of the students towards him. My presentation skill is different than that of other teachers. His boy language is his main aid and he keeps his body language positive at all times. It is certainly a very fascinating quality. I am sure this fascinating quality will greatly help him become a successful teacher.

I am Dorothy. I am a student of class XII of Mymensing Girls' High School. I like the school very much. I listen to music in my free time. I like folk song but my father does not like these folk songs. My father likes classical song very much. He never watches pop musical programmes in TV. He says he hates those. He also says our children are going to astray watching those because pop musical programmes don't appeal to emotions. I also like gardening. I have planted many flowers in my garden. When the flowers are in full bloom, I have to watch them. I am very happy about the flowers that I grow. I just adore flowers.

Bashundara City is undoubtedly a very pompous shopping mall in Dhaka City. It Bashundhara City is called a city within a city. But once it was set on fire by an accident. The reason of that accident was unknown. Many people became victims of that accident. These victims were mostly the employees of the shopping mall. As soon as the fire broke out, people were running to and from to save themselves. But the irony of fate was that, many of those had to die. Fire brigade and some other government and non-government organization came to extinguish the fire. Some people came out safe and sound but many could not escape the death from that accident. We should be careful so that such accident may not occur in any circumstance.

Read the newspaper carefully, Everyday you will find there many examples of human joy and human tragedy which can give you ideas for articles, essays or short stories. Keep a notebook in which to put down that you notice, or ideas that come to you when you are out walking. When you are reading a book or magazine, or at an other time. Some people get the ideas in the bath, or when are awake during the night. Unless the write them down at once they often forget them.

i) He has bought a television which is too expensive.

n modifier

ii) The dancing girl has been praised by all.

modifier n

iii) A good boy is always loved by all.

m n
e¨vL¨vt Dc‡ii cÖ_g sentence G relative clause 'which is too expensive' noun 'television' ‡K modify K‡i‡Q A_©vr noun 'television' Gi ci e‡m 'television' m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| ZvB GLv‡b relative clause 'which is too expensive" GKwU modifier.

wØZxq ev‡K¨ 'girl' noun wU‡K adjective 'dancing' modify K‡i‡Q A_©vr 'girl' m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| myZivs GLv‡b 'dancing' modifier.

Z…Zxq ev‡K¨ 'boy' noun wU‡K 'good' adjective wU modify K‡i‡Q A_©vr 'boy' m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| ZvB GLv‡b 'good' modifier.

Dc‡ii D`vniY¸‡jv †_‡K eySvq hvq †h, †ewkifvM †¶‡Î adjective modifier wn‡m‡e e‡m| ZvQvov phrase, clause ev Ab¨ †Kvb noun I modify wn‡m‡e em‡Z cv‡i|

modifier ‡h noun wU‡K modify K‡i Zvi c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m|
Modifier Gi cÖKvi‡f`t

modifier `yB cÖKvi| h_v- 1) Pre-modifier 2) Post-modifier

Modifiers placed after determiners but before head of a noun or noun phrase are called pre modifier. (A_©vr †h word determiner Gi ci Ges noun ev phrase Gi cy‡e© e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i, Zv‡K premodifier e‡j| †hgbt

We have spent a nice summer there.

m n

1. 
   Prmodifier wn‡m‡e adjective: G‡¶‡Î Adjective noun ev noun phrase Gi c~‡e© e‡m premodifier Gi KvR K‡i| †hgbt He is a gentle man.
   

2. 
   Premodifier wn‡m‡e
   
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