Lines 264-294, the Entrance to Hades
264
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Di, quibus imperium est animarum, umbraeque silentes,
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di = dei (deus, dei = god) = O ye gods, imperium, -ii = command, authority; realm, dominion anima –ae = air; spirit, ghost, shade umbra –ae = shade, shadow; underworld; ghost, phantom silens, silentis = quiet; still, voiceless, silent O ye gods, to whom is the dominion of the dead, and ye, silent ghosts,
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265
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et Chaos, et Phlegethon, loca nocte tacentia late,
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Chaos = the first state of the universe; emptiness, void; the personified god of the limitless underworld Phlegethon, -ontis = a fiery river in the underworld. It was one of the five rivers in Hades along with the Styx, Lethe, Cocytus, and Acheron. loca, -orum = places; region nox, noctis f. night tacens, tacentis = silent, quiet latus –a –um = wide and Chaos, and Plegethon, the wide quiet places of the night,
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266
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sit mihi fas audita loqui; sit numine vestro
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fas = divine law, divine will; right’ duty law loquor, loqui = to say, speak, tell May it by divine will for me to say that which I have heard; numen, niminis n. = nod; divine will; sanction; power
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267
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pandere res alta terra et caligine mersas!
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pando, pandere = spread out; open; reveal altus –a –um = deep caligo, caliginis f = mist, fog, darkness, gloom mergo, -ere, mersi, mersus = dip; hide, conceal, bury May it be by your divine will for me to reveal the things buried in the deep earth and darkness.
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268
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Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram,
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eo, ire, ivi, itus = to go (ibant = they went) obscurus –a –um = dark, dim, hidden solus –a –um = alone; solitary, lonely On they went, hidden sunder the solitary night through the shadows,
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269
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perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna,
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domus –us f. = house; hall (-os poetic acc pl.) Dis, Ditis m. = Pluto, the god of the underworld vacuus –a –um = empty, vacant; deserted, lonely inanis –e = empty, void; substanceless; ghostly and through the empty halls of Pluto and his ghostly kindgoms,
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270
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quale per incertam lunam sub luce maligna
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quale…est iter = like a road is incertus –a –um = uncertain; unsure; wavering; dark luna, lunae f. = moon malignus –a –um = evil, spiteful; uncertain; faint
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271
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est iter in silvis, ubi caelum condidit umbrā
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Iter, itineris n. = route; journery; road silva, silvae f = woods, forest caelum, caeli n. = sky; heaven condo, -ere, condidi = found, establish; bury, hide umbrā [ablative of means] = with shadow
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272
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Iuppiter, et rebus nox abstulit atra colorem.
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Iuppiter, Iovis = Jupiter, king of the gods aufero, auferre, abstuli = to carry away, steal ater, atra, atrum = black, gloomy; death black color, coloris = color, tint, hue; complexion to just like a road [is] in the woods through a dark moon under a faint light, when Jupiter has buried the sky with darkness, and black night has stolen the color from things.
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273
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Vestibulum ante ipsum, primisque in faucibus Orci,
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vestibulum, -ii = forecourt; entrance ante ipsum vestibulum = before the entrance itself primus –a –um = first; foremost; very in primis faucibus = at the very jaws fauces –ium = throat; jaws; opening Orcus, Orci = a god of the underworld often identified with Pluto; the underworld Before the entrance itself, at the very jaws of Orcus,
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274
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Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;
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Luctus, luctus = grief, misery (Luctus = grief personified) ultrix, ultricis = avenger (use as noun or adjective) pono, ponere, posui = to place, put cubile, -is n. = bed cura, -ae = care, concern; Cura = conscience, remorse ultrices…Curae = stings of conscience; remorse Grief and the stings of Conscience have made their beds;
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275
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pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus,
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pallens, pallentis = pallid, pale, sallow, wan habito (1) = to live in; dwell; live morbus, morbi m. = sickness tristis, -e = sad senectus, secectutis f = old age and pallid Sickness lives [there], and sad Old Age,
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276
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et Metus, et malesuada Fames, ac turpis Egestas,
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metus, metus m. = fear malesuadus –a –um = pervasive, seductive, tempting fames, famis f. = hunger, famine turpis, -e = evil; vile; shameful egestas, egestatis = want, need, poverty and Fear, and pervasive Hunger, and shameful Poverty,
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277
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terribiles visu formae: Letumque, Labosque;
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terribilis, -e = terrible visu is the supine in –u from vidēre = to see forma, -ae = form; shape; beauty letum, leti n. = death; ruin, destruction labos or labor, laboris = work, sorrow; agony, pain forms terrible to look upon: both death and pain;
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278
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tum consanguineus Leti Sopor, et mala mentis
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consanguineous, -e = blood-relation, brother, kinsman sopor, soporis = (deep) sleep, slumber mens, mentis = mind
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279
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Gaudia, mortiferumque adverso in limine Bellum,
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gaudium, gaudii = joy, pleasure here it means voluptas, -tatis mortifer –era –erum = death-bringing, deadly adversus –a –um = opposite bellum, belli n. = war then Sleep, the brother of Death, and the evil Pleasures of the mind, and on the opposite threshold death-bringing War,
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280
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ferreique Eumenidum thalami, et Discordia demens,
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ferreus –a –um = of iron; iron Eumenides, Eumenidum = the Eumenides or Furies; they were the underworld, female dieties of vengeance. thalamus, -i = (sleeping) chamber; bedroom Discordia –ae = the goddess of strife or discord demens, dementis = mad, insane, frantic, insane and the iron chambers of the Eumenids, and the raging Discordia,
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281
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vipereum crinem vittis innexa cruentis.
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viperus –a –um = of a snake; snaky crinis, -is m. = hair (of the head), locks, tresses vitta –ae = band of ribbon around the head; fillet, ribbon innecto –ere –ui, innexus = to tie, weave, wrap innexa agrees with Discordia and is in middle voice cruentus –a –um = bloodstained, bloody, gory having wrapped her snaky hair with bloody ribbons.
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282
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In medio ramos annosaque brachia pandit
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in medio = in the middle; in the center ramus, rami m. = branch annosus –a –um = ancient, old, aged brachium, -ii = forearm, arm; trunk (of a tree) pando, -ere = stretch out, spread out
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283
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ulmus opaca, ingens, quam sedem Somnia vulgo
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ulmus, ulmi f. = elm, elm tree opacus –a –um = shady, shaded, obscure, shadowy ingens, ingentis = huge, vast In the middle, a huge, shady elm tree spreads its ancient branches and trunk, sedes, sedis = seat somnium, somnii = dream (sopor = sleep) vulgus, vulgi = crowd, multitude (vulgo = everywhere)
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284
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Vana tenere ferunt, foliisque sub omnibus haerent.
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vanus –a –um = empty; false ferunt = dicunt folium, folii n. = leaf haereo, -ere = to stick; cling to which seat, they say, holds false dreams everywhere, and clings under every leaf.
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285
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Multaque praeterea variarum monstra ferarum:
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praeterea = properly, besides; in addition varius –a –um = various, varied monstrum, -tri = omen, wonder, prodigy; type, shape ferus –i (-a, -ae) = wild beast, monster And in addition many types of various monsters:
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286
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Centauri in foribus stabulant, Scyllaeque biformes,
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centaurus, -ri = mythical creatures, half-man, half-horse foris, foris = door, gate stabulo and -or (1) = be housed; dwell biformis, -is = biformed, double shaped biformes Scyllae = a monster whose upper half was a woman and lower half a dolphin Centaures were housed by the doors, and twin-formed Scylla,
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287
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et centumgeminus Briareus, ac belua Lernae,
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centumgeminus –a –um = hundred-fold, hundred-armed Briareus, -i = Briareus, a hundred-handed giant belua, beluae = beast, monster Lerna, -ae = a marsh near Argos in southern Greece belua Lernae = the monster of the Learnean marsh was the Hydra, a nine-headed water snake killed by Hercules and the hundred-handed Briareus, and the Learnean Hydra,
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288
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horrendum stridens, flammisque armata Chimaera,
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horrendous –a –um = horrible, fierce horrendum = adverbial accusative strideo, -ere = to hiss, whistle; rattle flamma –ae = flame; fire armo (1) = to arm, equip Chimaera, -ae = a fire-breathing monster with the head of a lion, a goat’s head projecting from its middle and the tail of a snake hissing horribly, and the Chimaera armed with flames,
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289
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Gorgones Harpyiaeque et forma tricorporis umbrae.
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Gorgones, -um = three, female-winged-monsters with terrible teeth and claws Harpyiae –arum = foul, birdlike creatures with a female face and hooked talons tricorpor, tricoporis = three-bodied; triple-bodied forma tricorporis umbrae = the shape of three form ghost = Geryon, described described as a monster with human faces Gorgons and Harpies and the triple-bodied monster Geryon.
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