At this, trembling suddenly with terror, Aeneas grasped
his sword, and set the naked blade against their approach:
and, if his knowing companion had not warned him
that these were tenuous bodiless lives flitting about
with a hollow semblance of form, he would have rushed at them,
and hacked at the shadows uselessly with his sword.
Lines 295-332, the Shores of Acheron
295
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Hinc via Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas.
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hinc = from that place, from there, hence, thence via, viae f. = road, way, path Tartareus -a -um = of Tartarus, Tartarean, infernal, via [est] quae fert = there is a road which leads Acheron, Acherontis m = Acheron, a river of the underworld, the underworld unda, undae f. = wave, water From that place there is a road which leads to the waters of the Tartarean Acheron.
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296
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turbidus hic caeno vastaque voragine gurges tūrbĭdŭs | hīc cæ | nō vā |stāquě vŏ | āgĭně| gūrgēs
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turbidus -a -um = confused, disordered, turbid hic = here caenum, caeni n. = dirt mud, mire, filth vastus -a -um = desolate, empty, vast, huge, dreadful vorago, voraginis f. = abyss, gulf, whirlpool, deep waters gurges, gurgitis m. = (raging) abyss, flood, water, sea
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297
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aestuat atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam.
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aestuo, -are = to seethe, surge atque = and omnis, omne = all, every Cocytus, -ti = river of the underworld eructo -are = to belch or vomit forth, throw or spout up haerena, -ae f. = sand here thick with mud and with a vast whirlpool an abyss seethes and vomits up all its sand into the Cocytus. Cocyto in prose would be "in Cocytum"
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298
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portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat
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portitor, portitoris = carrier, conveyer, boatman, warder horrendus -a -um = dreadful, awful, frightful, grisly aqua, aquae f. = water flumen, fluminis n. = stream, river, flood servo (1) = to save, preserve; watch over A grim ferryman watches over these waters and streams
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299
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terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento
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terribilis, -e = alarming, frightful, terrible, dreadful squalor, -loris m = filth, stiffness, squalor, roughness Charon, Charontis m = the ferryman of the underworld Charon dreadful in his squalor, plurimus -a -um = abundant, a great mass of mentum, menti = chin cui mento = on whose chin
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300
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canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma,
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canities, canitiei f = gray (white), gray hair, incultus -a -um = untilled, neglected, unkempt iaceo, -ere = be thrown, lie down, lay sto, stare, steti, status = to stand, be fixed lumen, luminis n = light, radiance; eye flamma, -ae = fire, flame, blaze on whose chin there lay a great mass of unkempt hair, his eyes were fixed with flame,
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301
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sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus.
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sordidus -a -um = foul, filthy, squalid umerus, umeri = shoulder nodus, nodi = knot dependeo, -ere = to hang (down, from, on) amictus, amictus = (outer) garment, mantle, robe a filthy garment hangs from his shoulders by a knot.
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302
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ipse ratem conto subigit velisque ministrat
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ratis, ratis f. = raft, vessel, ship, boat contus, conti = pole, pike, boat-hook subigo, -ere, -egi = to drive on, push on (forward) velum, veli = cloth, canvas, sail (velis = abl of means) ministro (1) = to tend He himself drives his boat forward with a pole and tends the sails (tends it with the sails)
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303
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et ferruginea subvectat corpora cumba, ēt fēr|rūgĭně|ā sūb|vēctāt|cōrpŏră|cūmbā
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ferrugineus -a -um = rustly, iron colored, dusky, dark subecto, -ere = to bring, convey, transport corpus, corporis n. = body, corpse, the dead cumba, -ae = small boat, skiff, bark and he transports the dead in his rusty skiff,
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304
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iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus.
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senior (senex) = old crudus -a -um = fresh, green, vigorous deus, dei = god viridis, -e = green, verdant senectus, senectutis f = old age old now, but to a god old age is fresh and green.
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305
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huc omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat,
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huc = here omnis, omne = all, every turba, -ae = crowd, throng ripa, -ae = bank (of a river), river bank effundo -ere, effudi -fussus = pour out (forth), rush effusa = having poured forth = Greek Middle Voice ruo, -ere = rush (forth), hurry, stream here all the crowd having poured forth rushes to the river banks,
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306
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matres atque viri defunctaque corpora vita
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mater, matris = mother, woman vir, viri = man, husband defungor, -i, -functus = have done with, finish vita, vitae = life
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307
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magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae,
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magnanimus -a -um = great hearted magnanimum = magnanimorum heros, herois = hero, demigod puer, pueri = boy, young man innuptus -a -um = unmarried mothers and men and the bodies of great hearted heros with life finished, boys and unwed girls,
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308
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impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum:
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impono -ere = to place upon rogus, rogi = funeral pyre, pyre iuvenis -is f. = youth, young men os, oris n. = mouth, face, eyes parens, parentis = parent young men placed on funeral pyres before the eyes of their parents:
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309
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quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo
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quam multa…folia = as many as the leaves which silva, -ae = forest Autumnus, -ni = Autumn frigor, frigoris = frost, chill primus -a -um = first
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310
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lapsa cadunt folia, aut ad terram gurgite ab alto
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labor, labi, lapsus = move gently, fall, perish, wane cado, cadere = to fall folium, folii = leaf as many as the leaves that have perished and fallen at the first frost of Autumn, terra, terrae = earth, land gurges, grugitis m = raging abyss, flood, water, sea altus -a -um = high, deep
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311
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quam multae glomerantur aves, ubi frigidus annus
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avis, avis f = bird glomero (1) = to gather, assemble, flock or as many as the birds that flock to the land from the ocean deep, frigidus -a -um = cold annus, anni = year
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312
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trans pontum fugat et terris immittit apricis.
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pontus, ponti = the deep, the sea fugo (1) = to cause to flee, to put to flight, scatter immitto -ere = to send to apricus -a -um = sunny, warm when the cold year causes [them] to flee across the sea and sends [them] to sunny lands.
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313
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stabant orantes primi transmittere cursum
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sto, stare = to stand oro (1) = to beg, plead transmitto, -ere = to cross cursus, cursus = crossing, race, course, journey, passage transmittere cursum = to make to journey/passage They stood begging (to be) first to make the passage
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314
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tendebantque manus ripae ulterioris amore.
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tendo, -ere = to stretch (out) manus, manus f. = hand, band ulterior, -ius = far, farther, far off amor, amoris m. = love, longing, affection and they stretched out their hand with longing for the far off shore.
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315
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navita sed tristis nunc hos nunc accipit illos,
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navita, navitae m = boatman, sailor tristis, triste = sad, dismal, gloomy nunc hos nunc illos = now these now those accipio -ere = to receive But the dismal boatman accepted now these now those,
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316
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ast alios longe summotos arcet harena.
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ast = but longe = far away, far off summoveo -ere -movi -motus = to drive off, repel arceo, -ere, arcui = to confine, keep off, drive away harena, -ae = sand but others driven off he keeps far from the sand.
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317
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Aeneas (miratus enim motusque tumultu)
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miror, -ari, miratus = wonder at, marvel at, admire enim = indeed, verily, of a truth moveo, -ere, movi, motus = to move, shake, ponder, tumultus, -us = tumult, roar, uproar, clamor
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318
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dic,' ait, 'o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amnem?
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dico, -ere, dixi, dictus = to say speak tell ait = he says, he said virgo, virginis n = maiden volo, velle, volui = to wish, consent, wish for, design quid vult (idiom): what is the purpose of concursus -us = a rushing together; throng, crowd, amnis, amnis = river Aeneas (indeed having marveled at and moved by the uproar), said, "Maiden, tell [me] what is the purpose of this rushing to the river?
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319
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quidve petunt animae? vel quo discrimine ripas
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quidve = or what peto, -ere, petivi, petitus = to seek anima -ae = soul or what do these souls seek? vel = or discrimen, discriminis n = dividing line, reason, criterion
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320
|
hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt?'
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linquo, -ere = to leave behind, abandon remus, remi = oar, vadum, vadi n = a ford; shallows (water), sea lividus -a -um = leaden-hued, bluish, dark verro, -ere = to sweep, skim over, churn or by what reason do these abandon the banks but those skim over the dark waters with oars?"
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321
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olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos:
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olli = illi = to him sic = thus breviter = briefly for, fari, fatus = say, speak, tell longaevus -a -um = old, ancient sacerdos, sacerdotis c. = priest, priestess Thus did the ancient priestess speak briefly to him:
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322
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'Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles,
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Anchisă is vocative and agrees with generate generatus -a -um = born of, son of deum = deorum (of the gods) certus -a -um = certain, sure, true proles, prolis f = offspring, child, descendant, son O son of Anchises, truest descendent of the gods,
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323
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Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem,
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Cocytus, Cocyti = the River of Wailing stagnum, stagni n = standing water, pool, pond altus -a -um = high, deep video, videre, vidi, visus = to see Stygius -a -um = of the Styx, the river which formed the boundary between earth and the underworld palus, paludis f = standing water, marsh, marshy lake you see the deep pools of the Cocytus and the Stygian Marsh,
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324
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di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen.
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di = the gods cuius = whose (but here = by whose) iuro (1) = to swear, take an oath timeo, timere = to fear fallo -ere, fefelli, falsus = to cheat, deceive, iurare et fallere = to swear falsely numen, numinis n = divine (will, power), divine favor by whose divine favor the gods fear to swear falsely.
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325
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haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est;
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haec omnis...turba = all this crowd cerno, -ere = to see, perceive, discern inops, inopis = without means, poor, destitute, needy inhumatus -a -um = not buried, unburied turba, turbae = throng, mass, crowd All this crowd, which you see, were destitute and unburied;
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326
|
portitor ille Charon; hi, quos vehit unda, sepulti.
|
portitor, portitoris = carrier, conveyer, boatman, warder veho, -ere = to carry, transport unda, undae = wave sepultus -a -um = buried that boatman is Charon; these, which the waves carry, are the buried.
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327
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nec ripas datur horrendas et rauca fluenta
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do, dare, dedi, datus = to give, allow, permit horrendus -a -um = dreadful, awful, frightful, grisly raucus -a -um = harsh, thunderous, noisy fluo, -ere, fluxi, fluctus = to flow, stream fluenta (n. pl.) = [flowing] waters
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328
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transportare prius quam sedibus ossa quierunt.
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transporto (1) = to carry across, transport prius quam = until sedes, sedis f = seat, resting place, home, habitation, tomb os, ossis n. = bone quiero, -ere = to rest nor is it permitted to carry [them] across the frightful banks and the dreadful waters until their bones rest in their tombs.
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329
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centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum;
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centum = one hundred erro (1) = To wander, go astray, miss the mark, err annus, anni = year volito (1) = to flit about, fly to and fro, flutter litus, litoris n = shore, shoreline They wander a hundred years and flit about these shores;
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330
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tum demum admissi stagna exoptata revisunt.'
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tum demum = then at last admitto, -ere = to admit, send in, let in, welcome stagnum, stagni = standing water, pool, pond exopto (1) = to pick out, to wish, long for reviso, revisere = to revisit, to return to then at last they are admitted and return to these longed for waters."
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331
|
constitit Anchisā satus, et vestigia pressit
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consto, -are, constiti = stand together, stand Anchisā = from Anchises satus -a -um = sown from, begotten from, born of vestigium, -ii = footstep, footprint, step, trail premo, premere, pressi = to press, check The son of Anchises stood still, and checked his footsteps
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332
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multa putans sortemque animo miseratus iniquam.
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puto, (1) = to think, reckon putans multa = thinking much = thinking deeply sors, sortis f = lot, fate, destiny animus, animi = soul, spirit, heart miseror, -ari -atus = to bewail, lament, deplore iniquus -a -um = unjust, sad thinking deeply and deplored their unjust fate in his heart.
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