Afghanistan Aff
Download 0.73 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Impact – Patriarchy => Terrorism
Impact – PatriarchyPatriarchy promotes rape, domestic violence, environmental destruction, warism, nuclear proliferation, and will culminate in extinction. Warren and Cady 94 (Karen and Duane, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20)IM Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors to which it gives rise, (c), and the unmanageability (d), which results. For example, in the United States, current estimates are that one out of every three or four women will be raped by someone she knows; globally, rape, sexual harassment, spouse-beating, and sado-masochistic pornography are examples of behaviors practiced, sanctioned, or tolerated within patriarchy. In the realm of environmentally destructive behaviors, strip-mining, factory farming, and pollution of the air, water, and soil are instances of behaviors maintained and sanctioned within patriarchy. They, too, rest on the faulty belief that is okay to “rape the earth,” that it is “man’s God-given right” to have dominion (that is, domination) over the earth, that nature has only instrumental value, that environmental destruction is the acceptable price we pay for “progress.” And the presumption of warism, that war is a natural, righteous, and ordinary way to impose dominion on a people or nation, goes hand in hand with patriarchy and leads to dysfunctional behaviors of nations and ultimately to international unmanageability. Much of the current “unmanageability” of contemporary life in patriarchal societies, is then viewed as a consequence of a patriarchal preoccupation with activities, events, and experiences that reflect historically male-gender-identified beliefs, values, attitudes, and assumptions. Included among these real-life consequences are precisely those concerns with nuclear proliferation, war, environmental destruction, and violence towards women, which many feminist see as the logical outgrowth of patriarchal thinking. In fact, it is often only though observing these dysfunctional behaviors—the symptoms of dysfunctionality—that one can truly see that and how patriarchy serves to maintain and perpetuate them. When patriarchy is understood as a dysfunctional system, this “unmanageability” can be seen for what it is—as a predictable and thus logical consequence of patriarchy. The theme that global environmental crisis, war, and violence generally are predictable and logical consequences of sexism and patriarchal culture is pervasive in ecofeminist literature. Ecofeminist Charlene Spretnak, for instance, argues that “a militarism and warfare are continual features of a patriarchal society because they reflect and instill patriarchal values and fulfill needs of such a system. Acknowledging the context of patriarchal conceptualizations that feed militarism is the first step toward reducing their impact and preserving the earth”. Stated in terms of the foregoing model of patriarchy as a dysfunctional social system, the claim by Spretnak and other feminists take on a clearer meaning: Patriarchal conceptual frameworks legitimate impaired thinking (about women, national and regional conflict, the environment) which is manifested in behaviors which, if continued, will make life on earth difficult, if not impossible. It is a stark message, but it is plausible. Its plausibility lies in understanding the conceptual roots of various women-nature-peace connections in regional, national and global contexts. Impact – Patriarchy => TerrorismWestern hegemony promotes the re-inscription of patriarchal dominance and results in extremism Lee 7 (Theresa Man Ling, author, “Rethinking the Personal and the Political: Feminist Activism and Civic Engagement” Muse) JP Gender and social change are also behind the emergence of Islamist movements, and this distinguishes Islamist move ments from other radical movements (especially left-wing ones). As is well known, the role, status, comportment, and couverture of women constitute a major preoccupation of Islamist movements, who claim to seek greater independence from Western hegemony via a return to a more conservative or "authentic" culture. In fact, fundamentalist movements called for veiling because Muslim women had been taking off their veils. The movements called for a return to traditional family values and female domesticity because women had been entering public space and the public sphere, which for so long had been the province of men.5 Some of the moral and gender preoccupation of fundamentalist movements is theologically rooted. Much of it, I believe, can be explained in terms of the inevitability of gender conflict at a time of ten sion between the waning patriarchal order and the emergent feminist movement. 6 In some countries, such as in Iran im mediately after the revolution and in Algeria during the rise of the FIS (1988-91) and the civil conflict of the 1990s, unveiled women were the targets of seriously punitive Islamist action. As mentioned above, Islamic fundamentalist movements reflect the tensions and contradictions of the transition to modernity and the conflict between traditional and modern values, norms, and social relations. Women's rights—and the conflict over the roles, rights, and privileges of men and women as well as the structure and status of the family--are at the center of this transition and this conflict. In the MENA region, governments have dealt with the Islamist threat in various ways, sometimes by accommodating fundamentalist demands and sometimes by confronting the organizations head-on. Early on, the Tunisian government confronted the an-Nanda movement and banned it while the Syrian govern ment put down its growing Islamist movement rather vio lently though effectively. Accommodation was initially the response of the governments of Egypt and Algeria, who conceded women's rights to the Islamist movements as a way of placating them. This concession took the form of rein forcing the patriarchal principles of Muslim family law. Only when the Islamists took up arms against the governments, sought to overthrow them, or used violence and terror in a way that threatened the power and authority of the state, did the Egyptian and Algerian states turn on the Islamist move ments, their leaders and members. More recently in Morocco, a (nonviolent) conflict has emerged between the socialist gov ernment and feminists on one side and a fundamentalist movement on the other. The point of contention is a pro posed national development plan for the advancement of women, which is bitterly opposed by Islamic fundamentalists. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.73 Mb. Share with your friends:
|