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Electricity – General Electric Company was formed in 1892 to take over Thomas Edison’s electr ic light business. Electricity became available to consumers to power household appliances.

  • Mail order catalogs - A rise in goods being purchased through the mail

  • Kodak camera - took still pictures

  • Movie Camera - took moving pictures

  • Wright Brothers Had the first successful airplane flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

  • Henry Ford’s Innovations:

    • $5 day - Ford paid his workers more than the average manufacturer, but foreign workers had to enroll in English and civics classes and let investigators inspect their homes. Graduation ceremonies occurred in which workers shed their ethnic identities and became “Americans.”

    • Assembly line a manufacturing process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of the final product. Ford did not invent the assembly line, but he made it more efficient.

    • Model T - Ford’s first successfully marketable lightweight, gas-powered car.

  • Skyscrapers - the Bessemer Process (steel production) and the invention of the elevator allowed for the building of high-rises in cities


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    The Emergence of the United States as a World Power





    Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, describing the necessity of a strong navy for a pow- erful nation.



    Poem by Josiah Strong making a parody of the “duty” white men felt to civilize indigenous peoples





    The belief that whites were better than peoples of color





    Extreme burst of national pride following a period of yellow journalism





    Nickname given to the purchase of Alaska from Russia






    United States gained this territory after it’s queen was overthrown by Hawaiian and American businessmen



    Nickname given to the Spanish-American War because of its short duration





    Led by Theodore Roosevelt, these men charged up San Juan Hill to victory in Cuba






    William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer led this type of sensationalized journalism which attracted readers using bold titles and outlandish pictures




    Sinking of the USS Maine, DeLome Letter, Cuban Rebellion against Spain, burning of US owned sugar plantations by Cubans seeking assistance



    Passed before the Spanish-American War, the US told Cuba that it would not annex it






    Ended the Spanish American War, the United States gained the territories of Philippines, Guam, and Puer- to Rico




    Cuba agreed to add this amendment on to their constitution, allowing the United States to set up a military base, agreeing not to go into debt, and allowing the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime they felt it necessary.



    Once controlled by the United States, this connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean





    Ensured that the United States would be able to trade with China





    Chinese rebelling against foreign influence in China; killed many foreigners






    Added on to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would intervene in affairs of Latin Ameri- ca if necessary



    Roosevelt’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing a strong military





    Taft’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing economic aid





    Wilson’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing the spreading of American morals and ideals.



    United States Imperialism




    Country

    How did the US obtain or influence this country/ territory?

    Why did the US want this country/ territory?

    What laws and policies affected this country’s relationship with the US?

    Puerto Rico and Guam











    Cuba










    The Philippines











    China










    Hawaii











    Seward’s Folly Alas- ka










    • THE EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD AFFAIRS
      The United States’ Increasing Role in World Affairs





      • After the Spanish-American War ended, the United States gained the Philippines from Spain. President

    • How did the government’s role in economic and political affairs change as America became more imperialistic?
      16


    • To what extent did industrialization affect the relationships between government, business, and the worker?

    • How did technological advancement lead to the United States’ increased involvement in world affairs?

    • To what extent was the government’s changing role necessary and beneficial as America became more imperialistic?

    I mperialism When a str onger nation attempts to create an empire by dominating weaker nations – economically, politically, culturally, and/or militarily.


      • The United states and other powerful countries such as Russia, Germany, Britain, France, and Japan were seeking out spheres of influence, or areas of economic and political control, in China.




      • Alfred T. Mahan wr ote the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, which argued that the nation’s economic future rested on gaining new markets (to sell goods) abroad through increasing the size of the Navy.




      • Leaders like Josiah Strong drew on the ideas of social Darwinism to justify the takeover of new territories. He said that Anglo-Saxons were superior to the societies they conquered, an idea coined, Anglo-Saxon superiority. Those who used this argument believed that they were doing a noble thing for the “heathen,” uncivilized peoples of the world by introducing them to Christianity and modern society.




      • Conflicts in Cuba attracted the interest of American journalists. Following a surge of yellow journalism in which journalists such as William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer sensationalized headlines and stories about foreign affairs in Cuba, there was an intense burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy. This burst of pride came to be known as jingoism.


    US Military, Economic, and Political Involvement and Influence




    • How did America and the world change as the US increased its role in world affairs?

    • To what extent have the effects of US actions and policies been beneficial or detrimental to other countries?

    • Why did the United States take an active role in world affairs in the late 19th and early 20th century?

    T he Spanish-American War Before the War:

      • The war began after Cuban rebels began pushing back against their rulers, Spain. Cubans repeatedly urged

    the United States to intervene and help them. The United States continued to refuse help. To get the atten- tion of US business owners, Cuban guerrillas burned down American sugar plantations. With pressure from American business owners, plus the mysterious explosion of the USS Maine (which the US blamed on Spain) and the insults aimed at President McKinley unearthed in the de Lome letter, Congress eventually authorized force (war) against Spain.

      • Cubans insisted on adding the Teller Amendment to Cuba’s war resolution against Spain. This amendment stated that the United States would not annex Cuba.

    During The Splendid Little War

      • The “Splendid Little War” was fought on two sides of the world, in the Philippines and in Cuba and Puerto Rico, all three island ter r itor ies under the rule of Spain.

      • Theodore Roosevelt led a group of soldiers nicknamed the Rough Riders in a charge up San Juan Hill, which became the most famous battle of the Spanish-American War.

      • Treaty of Paris - The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in which the United States paid $20 million dol- lars in return for Cuba’s independence, and the United States’ acquisition of The Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. In order to protect American interests, the United States installed a military government in Cuba for the next three years.

    After the War

        • Two years after Cuba won its independence the United States military government in Cuba allowed Cuba to draft a constitution. The United States insisted on including the Platt Amendment which stated that the Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreements, it must allow the US to have naval bases in Cuba, and it gave the US permission to intervene in Cuba whenever the US deemed necessary. The United States established (and still maintains) a military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.


    Dilemma in the Philippines

    McKinley felt like he had to annex the island nation but the Filipinos declared themselves an independent republic. For three years, the United States and the Philippines fought a war over control of the islands. After the death of more than 200,000 Filipinos, fighting slowed. The United States continued to occupy the Philippines until 1946.


    U S Gains Territories Abroad

    • Seward’s Folly – In 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward purchased Alaska from Russia. Many people were against the purchase, which is why it became known as “Seward’s Folly.”

    • Annexation of Hawaii – In 1898, after a power str uggle between Hawaiian r oyalty and planters, Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii in order to protect its world trade. With the help of pineapple planter, Sanford Dole, Queen Liliuokalani was removed from her throne and Hawaii was declared a republic.

    • The Panama Canal was built under T. Roosevelt’s administration in order to provide a shorter route between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This would provide for faster and cheaper global shipping as well as increased naval speed in a time of war. After much controversy between France (who owned the land), Columbia (who ruled over Panama), and Panama itself, the United States recognized Panama an independent country (under the protection of the US) and the US was granted a permanent 10-mile-wide strip of land on which to build the canal.




    • To what extent have the actions and policies of the US affected other countries in the world?




    • How has the media shaped US foreign policy?

    • As the US becomes increasingly involved in world affairs, should its self-perception be impacted by world opinion.

    • How intrusive should a nation be in the affairs of another?

    D iplomacy How a countr y deals with foreign affairs.
    R oosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy

      • In 1904 President Roosevelt issued messages to congress called the Roosevelt Corollary which added on to the Monroe Doctrine saying that the US did not want any more territory, they would only protect smaller/weaker nations, and intervene if problems arose.

      • Roosevelt’s main concern in Asia was keeping an open door to trade with China. The Open Door Policy en- sured that the United States would have equal access to China’s market. China, however, was reluctant to have any foreign influence. This led to the Boxer Rebellion in which 300 foreigners and Christian Chinese were killed.


    T aft’s “Dollar” Diplomacy

      • President William Howard Taft’s approach to foreign policy was to “substitute dollars for bullets,” meaning that instead of fighting smaller/weaker nations, the United States should maintain orderly societies abroad by investing in their economies.


    W ilson’s “Missionary (Moral)” Diplomacy

      • Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States took a moral and legalistic approach to diplomacy. The United States would interfere with other countries when they felt a moral and legal responsibility to.

      • Because of Wilson’s decision to intervene in Mexico rebel leader Pancho Villa went on a terrorizing streak through border towns in Mexico and the U.S., burning down towns and killing their residents.


    A nti-Imperialism

      • Anti-Imperialism League - Opponents of U.S. policy in the Philippines established the Anti-Imperialist League. Many argued that if the United States took over nations, those nations’ citizens should be entitled to the same rights as US citizens.

      • Many people were against the idea of Anglo-Saxon Superiority and saw it as racism. They therefore did believe in taking over a smaller, “weaker,” nation because they were “uncivilized.”

      • Many southerners feared that by taking over other nations, the US would be forced to absorb people of different races into the United States.

      • Still others believed that imperialism was too expensive and not worth the costs it took to expand.

    The Great War and its Aftermath





    His assassination was the immediate spark of WWI in Europe





    The building up of nations militaries





    Forming agreements with other countries that if one should go to the war, the other will support them





    A larger, more powerful country taking over a smaller, weaker country





    Pride in ones nation





    British boat sunk by a German U-boat (a cause of the US's entry into WWI)






    German submarines continued with unrestricted warfare even after promising to warn foreign ships (long term cause of US entry into WWI)




    A note written from the Germans to Mexico promising an alliance and returned land from the U.S. if Mexico helped Germany defeat the U.S. in WWI.



    United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy





    Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire






    President of the U.S. during WWI. He ran for re-election in 1916 and won using the slogan "He kept us out of war". Created the Fourteen Points.



    Required young men to register for the draft.






    When a country keeps to itself (the policy the United States attempted to follow at the onset of WWI in Europe)



    Trench Warfare,” No Man's Land", Mustard Gas, Tanks, Airplanes, Telephones






    Woodrow Wilson's plan for the end of WWI which aimed to create a lasting peace. This included the League of Nations.




    Ended WWI – punished Germany by having them accept blame for WWI and pay $33 billion in war reparations. Included the League of Nations. The US refused to ratify this treaty and made their own peace with Germany.



    Organization to keep peace through discussion of problems instead of war.





    Government agency created to oversee production of goods during the war





    Tactics used to convince people to support the war effort





    Individuals limit the amount of goods they use so that supplies can be provided for the military



    Directions: Fill in each blank with the appropriate word from the list to the right of the section.

    Suffrage Isolationist Federal

    Espionage & Sedition League of Nations



    Progressive Income Tax War Industries Board African Americans Women

    War Bonds Allied Depression


    Women
    Civil Liberties Great Migration



    KKK
    Red Scare Propaganda

    THE GREAT WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH (1914-1930)





    Why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of World War I but later became involved.

    • Why was the U. S. unable to maintain a policy of neutrality during World War I?

    • What factors combined to draw the world and ultimately the US into World War I?

    • Is it possible for a nation to remain neutral during a conflict in another part of the world?

    C auses of World War I
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