Air Force sbir 04. 1 Proposal Submission Instructions
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| PHASE II: Demonstrate the critical components of the computational fuel Injection in Gas Turbine Engine using gas turbine combustor geometries.
DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: The fuel Injector code will be applicable for both commercial as well as military applications. The code will be useful in the gas turbine engine industry, combustion applications in power generation and automotive industries that is a test bed for computing pollutant emission in local airport. REFERENCES: 1.K.R. McManus, T. Poinsot, S.M. Candel, " A Review of Active Control of Combustion Instabilities", Combustion Science, 1993 Vol. 19, pp. 1-29 2.A. Brankovic, R. McKinney, H. Puyang, L. Porter, J. Kennedy, R. Madabhushi, "Comparison of Measurement and Prediction of Flow in a Gas Turbine Engine Fuel Nozzle", AIAA Paper 2000-0331, Reno, NV., January 2000. 3.A. Brankovic, R.C.Ryder, G.J. Sturgess, J. Lee, A. Kushari, E. Lubarsky, B.T. Zinn, "Computational and Experimental Study of Aerodynamics and Heat Release in a Liquid Fueled Combustor," AIAA Paper 2001-0976, Reno, NV., January 2001. KEYWORDS: fuel injectors, active-control, Liquid Fueled Combustor, Combustion Instabilities, Gas Turbine Engine Fuel Nozzle AF04-294 TITLE: Temperature Sensitive Paint for Wind Tunnel Models TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes OBJECTIVE: Develop a paint that can be used for the non-intrusive measurement of heat transfer rates on scaled vehicles/models in wind tunnel and ground test environments up to 1600 deg F. DESCRIPTION: Global heat transfer rates could be derived from a time and temperature history of the vehicle if paints could be developed. Current temperature sensitive paints are not environmentally safe and require a specialized model substrate. This effort would focus on promising temperature paint coupled with a spray on substrate for use in mapping global heat transfer in a wind tunnel or ground test environment. Required temperature measurement accuracy is +/- 5 F over the range 200-1600 psf. PHASE I: Proof of concept demonstration of a paint that meets the stated objective. PHASE II: Demonstrate the paint meets all the objectives including procedures for it's application and removal, calibration for both static and dynamic testing. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: There are a growing number of test centers in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries that require non-intrusive temperature measurements for quantitative and qualitative analysis, including health monitoring. REFERENCES: 1. J. P. Hubner, B. F. Carroll, K. S. Schanze, H. F. Ji, and M. S. Holden, "Temperature- and pressure-sensitive paint measurements in short-duration hypersonic flow," AIAA Journal, v 39, n 4, April 2001, p 654-659. 2. T. Liu, B. T. Campbell, and J. P. Sullivan, "Fluorescent paint for measurement of heat transfer in shock-turbulent boundary layer interaction," Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, v 10, n 1, Jan, 1995, p 101-112. 3. K. Asai, H. Kanda, T. Kunimasu, T. Liu, and J. P. Sullivan, "Boundary-layer transition detection in a cryogenic wind tunnel using luminescent paint," Journal of Aircraft, v 34, n 1, Jan-Feb, 1997, p 34-42. KEYWORDS: Surface Temperature, Global Surface Measurement, Temperature Sensitive Paint AF04-295 TITLE: Develop Plasma Radiation Source for >300 ns Simulators TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Space Platforms OBJECTIVE: Develop a flux compression approach to enhancing Plasma Radiation Source (PRS) load performance on radiation simulators. DESCRIPTION: Electrically driven Flux Compression (FC) offers in principle the most efficient path to affordable Pulsed Power to drive high atomic number PRS loads for K-shell x ray production. In particular, on a machine like Decade Quad (DQ), and in the future Decade Half (DH), flux compression could, as a minimum, act as a very efficient pulse-sharpening device. This will allow the DQ and DH access to the K-shell of elements, otherwise unattainable at 300 ns implosions. Experiments have been conducted using wire arrays as the armature, and have not been yet geared to K-shell x-ray production. Systematic FC technology development has not yet been undertaken in the United States, and modeling simulation codes have not yet been validated. The ability to obtain measurable power amplification, to make critical measurements of the precursor plasmas characteristics, and current diffusion for driver times >300 ns when delivering current into the load on a 100 ns time scale. PHASE I: Demonstrate feasibility using a novel flux compression design in a small-scale experiment. PHASE II: Demonstrate increased PRS capability with the flux compression driver on the Decade Quad and optimize load design using validated computer model. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: This technology could impact the present strategies using PRS sources for lithography applications where improved yield for a given load energy can significantly mitigate debris issues. Address scaling of the techniques developed in Phases I and II to lower power commercial lithographic sources. REFERENCES: 1. Leon ,J.F.; Speilman R.B.; J.R. Asay; Hall, C.A.; and Stygar, W.A., "Flux Compression Experiments on the Z Accelerator," IEEE Conference on Plasma Science, 1999. 2. R.B. Speilman, et.al., Proc. of the 11th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, 1997 Pulsed Power Conference 3. Goyer, John R.; The 3rd International Workshop on the Physics of Wire Array Z-pinches 23rd - 25th April 2001, Cosener’s House, Abingdon, UK. http://www.pp.ph.ic.ac.uk/~magpie/workshop/agenda.htm, Wednesday’s proceedings KEYWORDS: Flux compression, plasma radiation source AF04-296 TITLE: Global positioning system Software Radio (GSR) TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Air Platform OBJECTIVE: Develop algorithms required for an advanced global positioning system (GPS) software radio receiver suitable for use in the testing and evaluation of advanced GPS applications in the Air Force. DESCRIPTION: Measurements of advanced GPS applications have been difficult in the past due to the lack of a high-accuracy truth reference receiver. Although traditional sequential-processing GPS receivers continue to advance in their capabilities, a software radio processes the signals in blocks following a digital down-conversion/sampling stage. Many non-causal as well as joint time-frequency domain processing methods are only possible through the use of block processing. For example, a block processor does not use tracking loops; instead, it estimates all parameters of interest using the entire block of data. The estimator will often process the block of data several times before arriving at the solution. Block processing provides for optimal observability of all GPS measurements making it a superior technique for use in the development of a truth or instrumentation receiver. The intent of the research is to investigate processing algorithms and their real-time implementation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) hardware for advanced GPS applications. Specifically, existing block processing techniques of sampled GPS data need to be analyzed with respect to the estimation of all key GPS observables including pseudorange, carrier phase, Doppler, and carrier-to-noise ratio for both narrow-band (2-MHz C/A code) and wide-band (20-MHz P code) signals on the L1 and L2 frequencies. Because of the larger bandwidth of the wide-band signals, special consideration needs to be given to real-time implementation techniques. For example, C/A code signals can be readily processed using 1024-point Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) in the frequency domain. P code signals would require much larger FFT sizes that would quickly become infeasible to implement in real-time FPGA hardware. New methods to enable the real-time implementation of the frequency domain processing of wide-band signals should be investigated. This part of the research will be kept generic in terms of the actual code to be used to ensure that the solutions will also apply to new signal structures resulting from the GPS modernization program. In addition, algorithms that assess the quality of the GPS signals will need to be developed. Because of the flexibility of software processing, quality indicators can be developed that characterize anomalies that may affect the quality of the GPS measurements. This information is of great importance in a test environment where it is desirable to identify anomalies in the equipment under test. All algorithms shall be prototyped and tested; important tools in the verification of the theoretical solutions. The results of these investigations should include all algorithms required for an instrumentation-quality GPS software radio that estimates precise pseudorange, carrier phase, Doppler, carrier-to-noise ratio, and quality indicators. Hardware requirements to implement these algorithms will be identified. PHASE I: Investigate processing algorithms and their real-time implementation in FPGA hardware for advanced GPS applications. PHASE II: Develop and demonstrate the code to be used for FPGA hardware for advanced GPS applications. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: This research will ultimately find utilization within the general transportation segment of the economy. It will be suitable for land, sea, and air applications. REFERENCES: 1. Elliot D. Kaplan (Editor) Understanding Gps: Principles and Applications (Artech House Telecommunications Library) Artech House; (February 1996)
Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering Prentice Hall PTR; 1st edition (May 15, 2002)
AF04-298 TITLE: Data Acquisition Error Budget Analysis Tools TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Information Systems, Sensors, Electronics OBJECTIVE: Develop an abstract model for a reconfigurable airborne data acquisition system that includes the tools to analyze specific error budgets. DESCRIPTION: The flow of data from a sensor through a data acquisition system and onto a final storage medium typically involves multiple devices with the raw data going through various transformations in format (both electrical and digital) during the process. For example, a sensor may make a measurement in analog form. The resulting signal may then go through several filters or other signal conditioners before passing through an analog to digital converter. The data may then be transmitted along several layers of networks using different digital encapsulation techniques before it is finally recorded for analysis. Each device, interconnect, transformation, and transmission introduces errors. These errors include inherent percent of error for a measurement, aliasing, hysteresis, bit error rates, etc. Further, new systems will be dynamically changing the data being acquired. For example, some sensors already do automatic gain switching when conditions change drastically. The dynamic nature of the data being collected will also increase as the ability for ground monitors to control data acquisition parameters in real-time increases. Although many of the individual steps along the way may have an established error margin, there are no tools currently available for analyzing the total error budget for an arbitrary data acquisition system. Additionally, devices capable of outputting raw or conditioned signals as well as any associated error contributions are not available. Current techniques for developing a total error budget utilize a pen and paper as the primary tools – costly, time consuming, and error prone. Capturing total system error budget is critical to T&E. Without it the validity of raw and derived data cannot be established with confidence. Data systems are becoming more complex and dynamic. The already difficult and time-consuming process of determining total system error is only going to get worse without automated tools. To develop a practical generic tool for analyzing specific system-error budgets, an abstract model of the data acquisition process that can be instantiated to describe a specific system must first be developed. Further, the error margin for each system component must be input into the tool. The ideal would be to obtain these errors directly from error measuring devices embedded in the instruments (A robust integration with error measurement devices is probably outside the scope of this project.). Given all of this, there is, perhaps, a final question to be asked regarding the definition of “error budget.” How do you effectively combine the analog concept of “percent of error” with the digital concept of “bit error rate?” For example, how do you apply the bit error rate of a telemetry signal to an individual measurement being transmitted as one of many in the telemetered bit stream? A reliable automated-tool for error budget analysis would greatly enhance the ability of testers to state final results with confidence and accuracy. PHASE I: Analyze and characterize existing advanced airborne data acquisition systems and sensors to establish the feasibility of developing new hardware capable of outputting raw or conditioned signals and the associated error margins or bit error rates. Both the hardware and the output of the hardware must be suitable for use in data acquisition systems used in flight test of current and future military air platforms and other aerospace test articles typically found in a Test and Evaluation environment. Propose a design for a reconfigurable airborne data acquisition system model for a military platform that will permit the combining of both analog and digital error measurements and provide an automated uncertainty analysis. PHASE II: Develop the software for the model designed in Phase I and make enhancements as needed. Demonstrate the software’s efficacy by modeling several specific data acquisition systems and verifying each of their error budgets. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: This tool will provide direct support to Common Interoperable Tools for Modeling and Simulation Validation, a DoD standard. Model updating based upon test data throughout flight test programs is critical to successfully reducing test programs by as much as 50%. Data Acquisition Error Budget Analysis Tools will provide critical information regarding the accuracy of test data used to update the models thus increasing model accuracy and eliminating costly iterations and prolong flight-testing. These tools will make major contributions toward successfully reducing flight test requirements for JSF and future Air Force and Navy flight test programs. All ongoing DoD flight test programs will reap the benefits of this new capability. The need to replicate suspect data points during flight tests will be greatly diminished reducing time and conserving resources. Other applications involving extensive data collection from remote instrumentation devices, such as wind-tunnel testing, will also greatly benefit from these tools. Besides the testing of military hardware, hospital emergency room and long-term medical surveillance equipment, automobile testing (both commercial and racing), oil well monitoring, laboratory testing, etc will find extensive applications for these tools. The chemical/industrial processing industry, drug manufacturing, and the conventional fossil fueled and nuclear power plants rely heavily upon remote instrumentation; all with a critical need to ascertain the validity of the output of the myriad of sensors and process control instruments used. This software could also be used in an educational environment to provide critical hands on experience dealing with the complexity of error budget analysis. REFERENCES: 1. Hugh W. Coleman and W. Glenn Steele, Jr., Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for Engineers, John Riley & Sons, 1989 2. Alan S. Morris,The Essence of Measurement,Prentice Hall, 1996 3. Ronald H. Dieck, Measurement Uncertainty Methods and Applications, second edition, Instrument Society of America, 1997 KEYWORDS: Error Budget Analysis, Data Acquisition, Modeling, Instrumentation, Test Equipment AF04-299 TITLE: Multi-Object Radar Imaging Algorithms (MORIA) TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Air Platform OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate algorithms for processing, analysis, and visualization from a high definition imaging radar. DESCRIPTION: Precision tracking and imaging of events during a flight test mission enhance the Air Force’s capability to support the customer needs. The AF is interested in determining alternative uses for imaging with X-band Continuous Wave Frequency Modulated (CWFM) radars. These types of radars have millimeter accuracy for imaging and the ability to track multiple objects. Research in applying this technology to these areas will greatly enhance the Air Force’s ability to support flight test missions such as bomb scoring and pattern determination, ground based imaging of weapons separation, and radar cross section in flight. Bomb drop and weapon separation tests are conducted to determine effect of aircraft modifications on weapons delivery performance. The AF currently uses ground-based optical sensor systems to conduct weapons separation testing. These systems, which use 35-mm film, require weeks of film processing and analysis to ascertain the final results. The turnaround time of these systems is very slow. The current bomb-scoring systems use optical methods to determine dispersal patterns and flight patterns. When multiple bombs are dropped during a single pass, the dispersal patterns are estimated using the impact point of the first and last bombs. Research in this effort should determine the feasibility of identifying the individual flight patterns and impact patterns for bomb drops involving up to 60 bombs in a single pass, giving centimeter accuracy for each point of impact. The feasibility and measurement error associated with missions from 1 to 60 bombs should be determined. The research should describe the algorithms required and identify any limitations and expected results from using CWFM radar instrumentation in support of bomb drop test missions. Research in this area should determine the feasibility and limitations of using CWFM radar to determine the relative positions during separation of the host vehicle and the objects being released (munitions, fuel tanks, cargo pallets, etc.). Research should address the accuracy and precision achievable, the required flight profiles for effective use of the radar, the expected turnaround time for real-time or post mission processing, and any other limitations or requirements on supporting these missions. Direct measurement of radar cross section (RCS) has been restricted to special RCS ranges operating under strictly controlled static environments. Research should address using the CWFM radar to determine RCS of aircraft and weapons in-flight under high dynamic maneuvers. The submittals should address the algorithms required, the expected results, and limitations of using this instrumentation to perform dynamic RCS measurements. PHASE I: Analyze the alternatives, select and justify an approach, and produce a work plan on how to proceed to develop and demonstrate a prototype solution. Quantify the CWFM radar radio-frequency beam width and loop gain required for various RCS in the range of +10 to -40 dBm2 to meet a 50-mile threshold and 200-mile objective. Investigate options for real-time range safety display algorithms for radar range and Doppler measurements to best describe target structure. PHASE II: Develop and demonstrate a prototype solution. The demonstration must take place at an AF test facility. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: The technology being developed here can be used in the arena of commercial space launch and recovery. This technology would develop algorithms that can provide invaluable data from a high resolution imaging radars. This data can be used to increase safety and analysis of departure and arrival events. REFERENCES: 1. http://www.xontech.com/products/2000/Series_2000.pdf Describes typical CWFM radar of the type considered for this endeavor. 2. http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/260.pdf Range Commanders Council, Radar Roadmap, Article 4.5, CW radars KEYWORDS: radar imaging, multiple object imaging, impact scoring, weapon separation, and radar cross section. AF04-302 TITLE: Real-Time Process Control Sensor for Measuring Arsenic Concentration in Water TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace OBJECTIVE: Develop an inexpensive, real-time sensor to measure the concentration of total arsenic in water. DESCRIPTION: Many military activities in the western part of the United States have arsenic in their drinking water supply in excess of 10 mg/l. The 10 mg/l upper limit on arsenic concentration will become effective in July, 2006. As a consequence, many military activities, especially those located in desert areas, are planning to install secondary treatment systems to remove arsenic to below the forthcoming standard. At this time, there exists no low cost, on-line, real-time sensor for arsenic that can be used as part of a treatment plant process control system. Periodic checks of arsenic concentration can be made by plant operators using a number of colormetric methods, e.g., the Gutzeit spot test. Some reports suggest that this method can be in error by as much as ± 10 mg/l when performed by unskilled personnel. In addition, this method does not lend itself to automated control systems. At the other end of the spectrum of measurement systems, water samples can be collected and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. This analytical method is very precise (a detection limit of 0.03 mg/l) but is time consuming and expensive. What is needed is an inexpensive sensor that measure the concentration of total arsenic in water, that has a detection limit of ~ 1 mg/l, and has a continuous electrical output signal that can be used for plant process control. The preferred design would use no reagents and would require little or no maintenance. PHASE I: Research methods of measuring arsenic concentration in water. Select a method (or methods) that can be adapted to real-time operation. Design conceptual system. PHASE II: Using the research concepts developed in Phase I, prepare a detailed design of the instrument. Construct one or more prototype instruments. Prepare a test plan. Test prototype instruments and report findings. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: Reduction of arsenic concentration in drinking water supplies will be an issue from many communities in the United States and other countries. The development of an inexpensive, real-time arsenic sensor would have a large market for treatment plant process control and well water testing. REFERENCES: 1. Arsenic In Ground water, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk (Editor), Alan H. Welch (Editor), Kluwer Academic Publishers; (January 2003) 2. Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update, National Research Council Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water, et al, National Academy Press; 1st edition (December 15, 2001) 3. Chemistry & Treatment of Arsenic in Drinking Water, Ramesh Narasimhan, et al, American Water Works Association; (July 2003) KEYWORDS: Environmental pollution and controls. AF04-303 TITLE: Instrumentation Support Systems Smart Transducer Plugins TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace OBJECTIVE: Develop tools that can be integrated into instrumentation support systems to support smart sensors. DESCRIPTION: When testing or performing activities requiring data acquisition, it is necessary to configure the transducers (sensors and actuators) and other associated devices; normally done by an Instrumentation Support System (ISS). As smart transducers become more common, the environment supported by ISSs will change. In the long run, smart transducers are expected to reduce configuration efforts. However, this is dependent upon successful integration of smart transducers technology into related ISSs. Current transducers have no ability to be queried. Newer, smart transducers can respond to queries with all the “vital statistics” regarding their functionality – e.g., whether they are working, what their calibration information is, what their serial number is, or simply what they measure. This would allow an ISS to know exactly what is available on a test vehicle, which, in turn, would allow the coordination of the instrumentation setup and the ground station setup for a test to be significantly simplified. Additional desired capabilities include the generation of simulated output and auto-calibration (changing the calibration coefficients in real-time). This would allow full pre-test checkout and dynamic error correction, which, in turn, would decrease maintenance and increase quality. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) P1451 committee is establishing a standard [1] for smart transducers although two critical portions, P1451.4 and P1451.5, have yet to go to ballot. Further, although, some companies are engaged in developing smart transducers, having smart transducers in hand is not a complete solution and tools to support such devices so that they are fully integrated into an operational environment are also required. The changes wrought by this emerging technology need to be researched in order to garner its full potential. First, the basic operational scenario for installing and maintaining instrumentation systems will change. Even at the simplest level, the mechanism for attaching a transducer to an instrumentation system will be different. Second, handheld devices to allow reading and writing information to smart transducers may be required. Third, software to do system wide queries of status and configuration information will be required. This software will have to interface with multiple vendors’ ISSs and may have to work within a multi-tiered network. Finally, in order to maximize the onboard processing, and thereby minimize network and telemetered bandwidth, new algorithms for low level interaction (e.g., transducer to transducer) may need to be developed. PHASE I: Research and analyze changes in operational scenarios of ISSs as a consequence of transitioning to smart transducers. Evaluate smart transducer standards (most notably IEEE 1451) and ISSs (e.g., Iliad, VISTA, OMEGA, etc.). Design a set of tools (“plugins”) that can be easily integrated into these support systems and that will maximize the benefits of smart transducers. Provide a final report of analysis and recommendations. PHASE II: Build prototype tools to support smart transducers. Test prototypes in ground based and airborne tests at an Air Force test facility. DUAL USE COMMERCIALIZATION: Smart transducers are the “plug and play” devices in instrumentation systems. IEEE has a proven track record of establishing standards that are used industry wide. Approved versions of IEEE 1451.3 and IEEE 1451.4 standards are expected to be released soon and should instigate a wave of development of smart transducers. Thus, there is strong potential for such devices to be marketable to almost any user of data acquisition seems. Having a suite of support tools will fill a necessary niche in this growing market. REFERENCES: 1. Robert Sinclair and Charles Jones, “Applying IEEE 1451 Standard to AATIS,” Proceedings of the International Telemetering Conference (ITC), Vol. XXXVII, 2001, paper number 01-07-5. (Unclassified, Uncopyrighted, Unlimited Distribution) KEYWORDS: Test Equipment, Computer Sciences, Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, Smart Transducers, IEEE 1451 AF - Directory: osbp -> sbir -> solicitations solicitations -> Army sbir 09. 1 Proposal submission instructions dod small Business Innovation (sbir) Program solicitations -> Navy sbir fy09. 1 Proposal submission instructions solicitations -> Army 16. 3 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Air force 12. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Army 14. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Navy small business innovation research program submitting Proposals on Navy Topics solicitations -> Navy small business innovation research program solicitations -> Armament research, development and engineering center solicitations -> Army 17. 1 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions solicitations -> Navy 11. 3 Small Business Innovation Research (sbir) Proposal Submission Instructions Download 1.42 Mb. 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