Anto Janković Podgorica, February 2012
Do NGOs use e-commerce (if no data, try to refer to overall countries indicators from point 1 of the landscape)
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- 2.15 What NGOs get or need out of s/w and h/w and other tech
- 3. Map of NGOs and activities for social change
- 3.2 Is there an online database of certified NGOs based upon the NGO registration authority
- 3.3 Is there an off-line database of certified NGOs based upon the NGO registration authority
- 3.5 State of social entrepreneurship – how is that movement connected to the NGO sector
- 3.6 average budget
2.14 Do NGOs use e-commerce (if no data, try to refer to overall countries indicators from point 1 of the landscape)Only a small number of professional NGOs use e-commerce. As the „Survey of use of information and communication technologies in Montenegro”36 showed only 16.8% of people that have used internet ever made an online order. If we look into comparative position of Montenegro, we can see that out of the total population, only 4% of inhabitants ordered something via internet in the last three months. 2.15 What NGOs get or need out of s/w and h/w and other techConcerning hardware, they generally need desktop computers, lap tops, printers, fax machines and other network and security devices. Concerning software, they generally need operating systems, anti-virus programs, software for word processing, spread sheets, database software, software for presentations, e-mail clients and web browsers. Since people mostly have computer literacy based on Microsoft, a list of software for an NGO might look like: Windows, MS Word, MS Access, MS Excell, MS Power Point, MS Outlook, Internet Explorer of Mozilla Firefox and AVG/Avira/Kaspersky/NOD 32/McAfee or Symantec Norton, as the most used antivirus programs in the country. Linux and open source software is rarely used. When Windows 7 and MS Office 2007/10 have been introduced, a significant number of NGOs had problem with compatibility of documents, due to low level of computer literacy37. Another important point here is that significant number of computers used by NGOs are not compatible with Windows 7 and Office 2007/2010 and mostly they can only use Windows XP.
2.16 What is the relationship of the individual NGO worker (volunteer, member) to the organization when it comes to technology (eg to they use their computers, are people individually are more connected than organizations?)?There is no such a research, however from the observation - if the organization does not have an office, it operates on private computers of members. 3. Map of NGOs and activities for social changecontext: Just a landscape of legally established non-gov bodies in the civil society sector (no: labor unions, church organis.) (easy to measure). Second part about non-formal activities for social change. NGOs: 3.1 Number of operating NGOs, definition of NGOs (any specifity, for instance public benefit NGOs, or non profit companies), main fields of activity (sport, social affairs, etc),Civil society is not a common term in Montenegro, and generally it is seen through NGO sector. NGOs are generally defined as organizations created by natural persons that operate independently from the government. Law on Non-governmental Organizations provides two organizational forms of NGOs: non-governmental associations and non-governmental foundations. Under the law and within the commonly used term “NGO sector” are active cultural, environmental, educational, professional, social and humanitarian, human rights, women and child rights and business associations. There are 5,843 CSOs registered in Montenegro. Most of them are citizens’ associations (5,665), and there are 175 foundations. It is unknown how many of them are active. Main database of CSOs, maintained by CRNVO, contains information about 1.167 CSOs. A possibly better indicator for still active CSOs that at least occasionally have activities is the number of 933 CSOs that filed their financial reports for 2010 to Tax Administration. This means that only every sixth registered CSO files financial reports to Tax Administration38. Geographically speaking, activities of civil society mostly take place in central region of the country. 57% of CSOs that filed tax applications operate in central region, including 41.69% of organizations with headquarters in the capital city, Podgorica. CSOs are almost equally represented in other parts of the country, with 20.25% in Northern region and 22.7% in Southern, coastal region. 3.2 Is there an online database of certified NGOs based upon the NGO registration authority?According to the Law, Ministry of interior is responsible to manage an online database of certified NGOs. The same Ministry is also responsible for their registration. Online registry can be found on http://www.dokumenta.me/nvo/ and it provides basic information on NGOs such as: registration data, address, founders of the organization, name of the authorized person, aim of the organization and information about field of work. There is available search based on following criteria: type of organization, name of organization, field of work and municipality. 3.3 Is there an off-line database of certified NGOs based upon the NGO registration authority?Yes, Ministry of interior is responsible for certification of NGOs and management of off-line and online databases of all certified NGOs in Montenegro. 3.4 Is there a non-government or non-certified online database or NGOs?Electronic database is also available on the website www.tacso.org39. This database offers browsing and creating various reports. 3.5 State of social entrepreneurship – how is that movement connected to the NGO sector?According to the Law on NGOs, NGOs are allowed to generate up to 4,000 EUR of income per a year or up to 20% of their annual turnover. In case their business activities would realize larger annual income, they have to establish a company for doing business activities. In this case, generally they would establish a limited liability company since they require minimal start-up investment, opposite to Joint stock companies which can be established with minimal capital of 25,000 EUR. Social entrepreneurship is a new sector in Montenegro with a very small number of NGOs generating profit from business activities, even though the concept of the social economy based on social enterprises and social cooperatives was dominating until early nineties of the 20th century. Good example of a social enterprise might be NGO “Nova Sansa u Novom” (eng. “New chance in Herceg Novi” – video) which established a digital printing house “Naša ID kartica” (eng. “Our ID card” – FB page) as a Center for training of youth with disability. Another good example of a social cooperative might be Roma women Craft cooperative “Rukatnice” (video), which have been established through support of NGO “SOS Niksic”. Still, those are rare examples which can be used as case studies for further development of this concept. NGOs need support in this field through trainings, consultancy and mentorship in order to understand the concept of social entrepreneurship, social enterprises and social cooperatives, as well as to gain knowledge and develop skills in this field. Even, most of NGOs in the country and not familiar with the employment programs and support they can gain from the Employment Bureau in case of employing people from vulnerable groups (available loans, participation in the salaries of employed people from vulnerable groups…).
Most NGOs in 2010 generated income up to 10,000 euros. There were 149 such organizations. Over 100,000 euros of revenue was generated by 18 organizations. 
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