Arabic & Fársí transcription list and glossary for Bahá’ís Contents

U.. .

Ubaydu’l-llah ‘Ubaydu’l-lláh servant of God

Ubudiya, ‘Ubudiyat ‘Ubúdíya, Pers. ‘Ubúdíyat humble veneration, homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serfdom; servitude, bondage

Udh’kuru Udh’kurú remember! (command)

Udh’kuru’llah Udh’kurú’lláh Remember God!

Udi ‘Údí diminutive of Hebrew Ehud

Ufq, Ufuq, Afaq Ufq, Ufuq, pl. Áfáq horizon; range of vision, field of vision;—pl. distant lands, faraway countries, remote regions; provinces, interior of the country (as distinguished from the capital)

Uhud Uḥud Mountain north of Medina

Ujab ‘Ujáb wonderful, wondrous, marvelous, astonishing, amazing. See ‘ajab

Ukaz ‘Ukáẓ Marketplace and site of pre-Islamic fairs and poetry contests in Mecca.

Ukht ‘Ukht sister

Uliyya ‘Ulíyyá (“owleya”) probably should be ‘Ulyá

Uluw ‘Ulúw height, tallness, elevation, altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness, exaltedness, sublimity

Umar ‘Umar Ibn ‘Abdu’l-‘Azíz Ibn Marwán 8th Umayyad Khalífah (Caliphate)

Umari ‘Umarí follower of ‘Umar (i.e. a traditionalist)

Umawiyya al-’Umawiyya(h), pl. al-’Umawiyyún Umayyad (Omayyad), an Islamic dynasty (caliphate) claiming descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muḥammad founded by Mu’áwíyyáh, with its capital in Damascus. Umayyad Caliphate (al-Khiláfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muḥammad. The caliphate was centred on the Umayyad dynasty (al-’Umawiyyún, or Banú ’Umayya, “Sons of Umayya”), hailing from Mecca.

Umdan ‘Umdán Pers. bearer of a message to an army. Khán al-‘Umdán or Khán-i-‘Avámíd (Inn of Pillars) located in se corner of ‘Akká.

Umm, Ummahat Umm, pl. Ummahát mother; source, origin; basis, foundation; original, original version (of a book); the gist, essence of something;—pl. matrix (typography). Female partial name equivalents of Abu are Um and Umm (must be combined with another name).

Umma, Umam Umma(h or t), pl. Umam (Pers. pl. ummatán) nation, people; generation; more specifically to Muslim people with a common ideology and culture

Ummal-Zakata (Ummal-i-dhakat) ‘Ummál-i-Zakáta to give alms (‘Ummál-i-dhakát in PDC p. 92). See ‘Ámil.

Umman ‘Ummán Oman

Ummat, Ummatan Ummat, pl. Ummatán, Umam Pers. nation, people; generation; sect, religious community, creed; follower, co-religionist

Ummati Ummatí Pers. a follower of a religious sect or creed.

Umm-i-Ashraf Umm-i-Ashraf mother of Ashraf

Umm-Salma Umm-Salmá

Ummu’l-‘Iraq Ummu’l-‘Iráq Mother of ‘Iráq, Baghdád

Ummu’l-Kitab Ummu’l-Kitáb Mother Book

Ummu’l-Mu’minin Ummu’l-Mu’minín Mother of the Faithful, name given to Phoebe Hearst by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Umra (‘Umrah or ‘Umrat), ‘Umar ‘Umra(h or t), pl. ‘Umar the sacred visitation of Mecca, the lesser pilgrimage; the cohabiting with a woman in the house of her parents or kindred.—pl. name of the second successor of Muḥammad; a proper name.

Unzurna Unẓurná (a form of naẓara (naẓar, manẓar)) see; “watch over us”, Qur’án 2:104. See Rá‘iná

Uqab, A’qub, ‘Iqban ‘Uqáb, (usually fem.), pl. A‘qub, ‘Iqbán eagle. See ‘Iqáb

Urf, A’raf ‘Urf, pl. A‘ráf beneficence, kindness; custom, usage, practice, convention, tradition, habit; legal practice; custom, customary (or common) law (jurisprudence); (pl.) crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a horse); also the boundary between paradise and hell, a kind of purgatory which, according to Sa‘dí, appears to be a hell to the blessed, and a heaven to the damned. See Shar‘

Urfzadih ‘Urf-Zádih

Urmia (Urmiya), Urumiyyih, Urumiyah Urmia, Urúmíyyih “water town”, city in West Ádharbáyján Province, Iran. Town and lake near Tabríz. Renamed Riḍá’íyyih during the Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1979). The purported birthplace of Zoroaster.

Urubba (Urubbi), Urup Urubbá, Pers. Urúp Europe. Urubbí European (adjective and noun)

Urwa, ‘Uran ‘Urwa, ‘Uran “Arva” (al-‘Urwa al-Wuthqá) buttonhole; loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug, and the like); tie, bond

Urwatu’l-Wuthqa, Urvatu’l-Vuthqa ‘Urwatu’l-Wuthqá, Pers. ‘Urvatu’l-Vuthqá “The Sure Handle” or “the strongest handle”, symbolic of the Faith of God.

Usanlu Usánlú a Turkish speaking tribe lving near Sárí

Usaybi’a (Usaibi’a) Uṣaybi’a Ibn Abí Uṣaybi’a (1203–1270), was a Syrian Arab physician

Ushidar-Mah Úshídar-Máh The Promised One referred to in Zoroastrian Scriptures and fulfilled by the Báb. (“Hushidar”)

Ushkur Ushkur imperitive form of Shakara (thank)

Usku’i Uskú’í Mírzá Ḥaydar ‘Alí Uskú’í, an outstanding early Bahá’í who suffered exile from Egypt to Sudan. Mullá Muḥammad Báqir Uskú’í, an early leader of a branch of Shaykhiyya (Shaykhism) whose name, Uskú’í, was adopted by the branch.

Ustad Muhammad Rida Ustád Muḥammad Ríḍa (Estad Muhammad Riza)

Ustad Ustád Pers. a master, teacher, tutor; an artificer, manufacturer, artisan; a barber; ingenious, excellent, celebrated, famed for any art or work of ingenuity; enters into the composition of proper names

Ustadh, Asatidha Ustádh, pl. Asátidha Ar. professor; teacher; master, one who is skilled in an art or profession

Ustan Ustán Persian word equivalent to provinces

Usul al-Fiqh Uṣúl al-Fiqh lit. roots of jurisprudence. The science of the principles of jurisprudence and the methodological means of arriving at legal standards, as opposed to furú‘ (branches) of fiqh, which is the actual body of law.

Usul Uṣúl See Aṣl

Usuli Uṣúlí in accordance with the rules, conforming to prevailing principles; traditional, usual; legist

Usul-i-Kafi Uṣúl al-Káfí (Ar) Uṣúl-i-Káfí (Pers) written by Shaykh-i-Kulayní (title), Muḥammad-ibn-i-Ya‘qúb

Usuliya Usúlíya the school of jurisprudence that emphasizes the study of usúl al-fiqh. In the nineteenth century, it is almost synonymous with the mujtahids.

Utaq Uṭáq Pers. room, chamber, cabin; chamber furniture (“modern colloquialism”)

Utaqih Nizam Utáqih Niẓám (Otake-Nezam) royal building (the military department)

Utarid Uṭárid (the planet) Mercury

Uthman (Usman) ‘Uthmán, Pers. ‘Usmán (“Osman”) a young bustard or dragon; a serpent or its young. ‘Uthmán ibn ‘Affán (ad 576–656), companion of Muḥammad, the 3rd Caliph, the ancestor of the Sultan of Turkey.

Uthmani ‘Uthmání Ottoman; (adj. and n.)

Uthmaniyyih ‘Uthmáníyyih Ottomans (tribe, state, turks, etc.)

Uzayr (Uzair) ‘Uzayr (‘Uzair) Ezra

Uzm, ‘Azm, ‘Azam ‘Uẓm, ‘Aẓm, ‘Aẓam Pers. the principal or larger part of anything

Uzum ‘Uzúm Turkish grape [uzum]

Uzun-Kupri Uzún-Kupri Uzunköprü, Turkey. 50 km sse of Edirne