Armed conflict in the world today: a country by country review
Statement: The situation in Angola is a civil war with a recent peace agreement and renewed fighting. Background
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ANGOLAStatement: The situation in Angola is a civil war with a recent peace agreement and renewed fighting. Background: Since winning its independence from Portugal, there have been 25 years of civil war between rebel fighters (Jonas Savimbi and his UNITA forces—Union for the Total Independence of Angola) and the government of Jose Eduardo dos Santos. The war was particularly brutal with widespread violations of humanitarian law by UNITA, including the killing of ICRC staff person Marc Blaser. Numerous “cease-fires” were in effect at one time or another, but it was not until the UN-sponsored elections of September 1992 that the rebel UNITA group participated in the electoral processes in Angola. However, after losing the vote, Savimbi resumed full-scale war with unprecedented violence. After rejecting the election results, UNITA was able to gain control of part of the country, but government advances uprooted the rebels and, in November 1994, the Lusaka Accord was signed. A multiparty government was formed in early 1997 that included some UNITA members in the National Assembly, but Savimbi refused to participate. In October 1997, because of the continued failure to abide by the Lusaka Accord the UN Security Council imposed diplomatic and economic sanctions on UNITA, including freezing overseas assets and prohibiting travel. Current Situation: Fighting resumed in March 1998 despite an agreement reached on January 9, 1998 for resolution of the remaining issues under the Lusaka Accord. Savimbi refused to move to the capital and join the government. UNITA forces quickly retook more than 300 areas previously returned to the government, but by the end of 1999, the government, with the support of Namibian government forces, had overrun UNITA’s former headquarters. On December 23, 1998 and January 2, 1999, UNITA allegedly shot down two planes charted by the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) carrying a total of 23 persons. In January 2000, the UN Security Council viewed videotape evidence provided by former senior UNITA leaders proving that Savimbi personally ordered both the attacks and, in an attempt to disrupt the UN investigation of the incident, the burial of the planes’ fuselages. The UN withdrew its 1000 peacekeepers in November 1998; in October 1999 the Security Council voted to establish an office in the country to include 30 civilians (UNOA). The war has resulted in the deaths of over one million people, with tens of thousands permanently disabled. According to UNICEF, more than 75,000 are amputees due to land mines. There are presently so many ceramic land mines (estimates as high as 20 million) that it would take years to clear them. There were 10,000 deaths from military activities and nearly 75,000 from starvation in 1999. At least 1.5 million were displaced as of January 2000 due to the war. UNITA troops have also been fighting with rebel groups against the government in the Democratic Republic of Congo (see “Democratic Republic of Congo”). The Angolan government (MPLA) has been accused of detaining and murdering journalists and opposition politicians, and of committing atrocities during fighting along the Namibian border. Canada’s Ambassador to the UN, Robert Fowler, headed a panel that reported to the Security Council in Spring 2000 on the failure of certain countries to observe the UN’s embargo on UNITA’s diamond marketing, believed to net UNITA $150 million.year. (See Press release, SC/6825 of March 15, 2000). UN Action: MONUA (7/97-3/99); UNAVEM (1/89-6/91); UNAVEM II (6/91-2/95); UNAVEM III (2/95- 6/97). UNOA (10/99 to present). SC Res 1295 (4/18/2000). SC Res 1294 (4/13/2000). SC Res 1268 (10/15/99). SC Res 1237 (5/7/99). SC Res 1229 (2/26/99). SC Res 1221 (1/15/99). SC Res 1219 (12/31/98). SC Res 1213 (12/3/98). SC Res 1202 (10/15/98). SC Res 1195 (9/15/98). SC Res 1190 (8/13/98). SC Res 1180 (6/29/98). SC Res 1176 (6/24/98). SC Res 1173 (6/12/98). SC Res 1164 (4/29/98). SC Res 1157 (3/20/98). SC Res 1149 (1/27/98). SC Res 1135 (10/29/97). SC Res 1130 (9/29/97). SC Res 1127 (8/28/97). SC Res 1118 (6/30/97). SC Res 1106 (4/16/97). SC Res 1102 (3/31/97). SC Res 1098 (2/27/97). SC Res 1087 (12/11/96). SC Res 1075 (10/11/96). SC Res 1064 (7/11/96). SC Res 1055 (5/8/96). SC Res 1045 (2/8/96). SC Res 1008 (8/7/95). SC Res 976 (2/8/95). SC Res 966 (12/8/94). SC Res 952 (10/27/94). SC Res 945 (9/29/94). SC Res 932 (6/30/94). SC Res 922 (5/31/94). SC Res 903 (3/16/94). SC Res 890 (12/15/93). SC Res 864 (9/15/93). SC Res 851 (7/15/93). SC Res 834 (6/1/93). SC Res 823 (4/30/93). SC Res 811 (3/12/93). SC Res 804 (1/29/93). SC Res 793 (11/30/92). SC Res 785 (10/30/92). SC Res 747 (3/24/91). SC Res 696 (5/20/91). SC Res 626 (12/20/88).
GA Res 48/173 (2/22/93). GA Res 47/164 (12/18/92). Comm Res 1994/88. Comm Res 1993/9. Rpt S-G (S/2000/23). Rpt S-G (S/2000/304). Rpt S-G (S/1999/202). Rpt S-G (S/1999/49). Rpt S-G (S/1998/1110). Rpt S-G (S/1998/931). Rpt S-G (S/1998/838). Rpt S-G (S/1998/723). Rpt S-G (S/1998/524). Rpt S-G (S/1998/333). Rpt S-G (S/1998/236). Rpt S-G (S/1998/17). Rpt S-G (S/1997/807). Rpt S-G (S/1997/741). Rpt S-G (S/1997/640). Rpt S-G (S/1997/438 & Add.1). Rpt S-G (S/1997/304). Rpt S-G (S/1997/248). Rpt S-G (S/1997/239). Rpt S-G (S/1995/842). 1st Prog Rpt S-G (S/1995/177). Rpt S-G (S/1995/97 & Add.1). Rpt S-G (S/1994/1376). Rpt S-G (S/1994/1197). Rpt S-G (S/1994/1069). Rpt S-G (S/1994/865). Rpt S-G (S/1994/740 & Add.1). Rpt S-G (S/1994/611). Rpt S-G (S/1994/374). Rpt S-G (S/1994/282 & Add.1). Rpt S-G (S/1994/100). Rpt S-G (S/26872). Further Rpt S-G (S/26644 & Add.1) Further Rpt S-G (S/26434). Further Rpt S-G (S/26060). Further Rpt S-G (S/25840). Rpt S-G (S/24996). Rpt S-G (S/24858). Rpt S-G (S/24556). Rpt S-G (S/24145).
E/CN.4/1990/13; E/CN.4/1991/20; E/CN.4/1992/18; E/CN.4/1993/25; E/CN.4/1994/26;E/CN.4/1995/36; E/CN.4/1996/38; E/CN.4/1997/34; E/CN.4/1998/43; E/CN.4/1999/62; E/CN.4/2000/64. Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture: Nigel S. Rodley: E/CN.4/1994/31; E/CN.4/1995/34; E/CN.4/1999/61; E/CN.4/2000/9. Reports of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions: S. Amos Wako: E/CN.4/1990/22. Bacre Waly N’diaye: E/CN.4/1993/46; E/CN.4/1995/61; E/CN.4/1996/4; E/CN.4/1997/60 & Add.1. Asma Jahangir: E/CN.4/2000/3 & Add.1.
Enrique Bernales Ballesteros: E/CN.4/1991/14; E/CN.4/1992/12; E/CN.4/1993/18; E/CN.4/1994/23; E/CN.4/1995/29; E/CN.4/1997/24. Report of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression: Abid Hussain: E/CN.4/2000/63. Directory: docs docs -> Application for acem docs -> Observational Assessment of Teaching Practices Teaching Assessment Initiative Proposal Submitted to The Teachers for a New Era project docs -> Traditional British values docs -> From Warfighters to Crimefighters: The Origins of Domestic Police Militarization docs -> Borzoi Club of America Register of Merit Program I. What is a Register Of Merit docs -> Protecting the rights of the child in the context of migration docs -> United Nations E/C. 12/Esp/5 docs -> 9th May 1950 the schuman declaration docs -> Getting To Outcomes® in Services for Homeless Veterans 10 Steps for Achieving Accountability Download 0.5 Mb. Share with your friends:
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