Atmosphere and Ocean



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5-10 miles thick

troposphere


westerlies (30° to 60° latitude)

east trade winds (0° to 30° latitude)




Atmosphere and Ocean - 9


Why are almost all of earth’s deserts are found at 30° and

almost all of earth’s rain forests are found along the equator?

sinking high pressure air = warms as it sinks, dry warm rising low pressure

air, rises condenses = rain




The horse latitudes are at 30° latitude in both hemispheres. Because it is the area between convection cells, there is no horizontal wind here. Winds sink straight down. The doldrums are at the equator - 0°. Because it is the area between convection cells, there is no horizontal wind here. Winds rise straight up.

found in the Westerly convection cell



travels west to east
Jet streams are often called rivers of air. They are narrow bands of strong wind found at the top of the troposphere. Their paths typically have a meandering or winding shape. The width of a jet stream is typically a few hundred miles and its vertical thickness often less than three miles. Jet stream winds usually have a speed of 150 to 300 miles per hour, but speeds up to 450 miles per hour have been recorded. In the northern hemisphere jet stream winds blow from west to east but the flow often shifts to the north and south.

Atmosphere and Ocean – 10



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