Atmosphere and Ocean


Jet stream in Ohio: wind direction and temperature



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Jet stream in Ohio: wind direction and temperature; precipitation is influenced more by subtropical jet

The location of jet streams shift throughout the year and they are said to "follow the sun" since they move north with warm weather and south with cold weather. Jet streams are also stronger in the winter because there is a large contrast between colliding arctic and tropical air masses. In the summer, the temperature difference is less extreme between the air masses and the jet stream is weaker.
One of the most important impacts of the jet stream is the weather it brings. Because it is a strong current of rapidly moving air, it has the ability to push weather patterns around the world. As a result, most weather systems do not just sit over an area, but they are instead moved forward with the jet stream. The position and strength of the jet stream then helps meteorologists forecast future weather events. In addition, they are important to air travel because flying in or out of them can reduce flight time and fuel consumption. One future benefit of jet streams could be to power airborne wind turbines.


Westerly convection cell – travels west to east

Atmosphere and Ocean – 11

Two main jet streams affect weather in North America.

polar jet stream: between 23,000 to 39,000 feet above the ground; located between 30° to 60° north latitude; has the

strongest winds



subtropical jet stream: between 33,000

to 52,000 feet above the ground; located at 30° north latitude; has lower wind speeds




El Nino is a climate event where a tropical South Pacific ocean current found around the equator and countries of Peru and Chile warms a few degrees. It is a convection current, not a storm. It is one of the largest factors in global weather.


El Nino is Spanish – the boy

El Nino = Peru current – cold current in the south east Pacific



El Nino – ocean heat up, not normal

La Nina- ocean cool, normal





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