Extensions – Solves Aviation

Extensions – Solves Aviation

Under Pressure

Still, aviation officials say they have to do something, both to meet passenger demand and reduce carbon emissions in an industry that accounts for the biggest growth in greenhouse gases. They say the price for that shift is high – today’s aviation biofuels cost as much as 10 times more than conventional fuels. Despite the current economic situation, air traffic is expected to double or even triple by 2020 worldwide. The EU wants to cut both carbon dioxide emissions – through its controversial Emissions Trading System – as well as improvements in air traffic management. Globally, international airline associations, airports, navigation service providers and manufacturers have agreed to improve fuel efficiency by an average of 1.5% per year and halve emissions by 2050 from 2005 levels.Concerns about energy supply and price vulnerability are other motivators – for instance, the 2011 revolution in Libya sent oil prices soaring despite weakened global demand. An EU-US-backed oil embargo on Iran also could disrupt supplies.Airlines are already taking steps to cut weight and improve efficiency. Each generation of aircraft being produced by leading manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing are more aerodynamic, lighter and more durable. On the ground, efforts to cut taxi time and delays at the gate save fuel and reduce emissions. Meanwhile, industry figures show that new engine technology that is just coming onto the market is 16% more efficient than those in use today. But Hemmings says all this is expensive and by calling for more attention to aviation biofuels, the industry is buying time. “Everyone is led to believe that there is a tonne of biofuels that will save the world just around the corner, and why go to all this dreadful trouble of [having] to do something else like emissions trading and produce more fuel-efficient aircraft,” he said. “So a lot of it seems to be about that, and that gets up my nose, it’s fair enough to say.”

Bio Power Will Be the Future of Aviation

Lindsey Irwin, November 30, 2001 http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/1191/boeing-virgin-atlantic-partner-to-test-biopowered-plane (Lindsey Irwin is a Biomass Magazine staff writer

In April, Virgin Atlantic placed an order for 15 Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner aircrafts worth an estimated $2.8 billion and created a new environmental partnership between the two companies. As part of the new alliance, Boeing and Virgin Atlantic-along with Virgin Fuels and GE Aviation-will be using a Virgin Atlantic Boeing 747-400 to demonstrate the suitability of biofuels for aircraft engines, according to Bill Glover, managing director of environmental strategy for Boeing's commercial airplanes. Boeing will handle the initial screening and evaluation of fuel samples that may come from a number of different sources, such as soybeans, rapeseed, algae and palm oil, and also regional solutions like the oil from the babasu tree in Brazil, Glover said. If the fuels samples meet Boeing's performance criteria, then they will be sent to NASA for additional testing, he added. Glover estimates that the wide use of biofuels in aircraft fuel is probably five to seven years away. "Any potential alternative fuels must meet the performance, technical and safety requirements that are unique to aviation, regardless of the source," Glover said. "The production must also take into consideration the big picture aspects encompassing the complete product lifecycle and all relevant environmental aspects, including being economically viable to produce."

Extensions – Solves Military

Lack of biofuel needed for energy independence in US military.

Luis Ramirez. July 09, 2012. Voice of America.

PENTAGON — The U.S. Navy is going ahead with plans to convert much of its fleet to expensive biofuels despite opposition from members of Congress who say it is the wrong thing to do at a time when the U.S. military faces nearly $500 billion in budget cuts. The U.S. Navy has a special message this year at the Rim of the Pacific exercises bringing together the navies of more than 20 nations off the Coast of Hawaii:  It is time to turn green. Joining the vessels is what the U.S. Navy calls its Great Green Fleet of warships powered by fuel from renewable sources like algae, grass, and animal fat. Over the last few months, the navy has been showcasing how biofuels can transform the military and eventually lead what Navy Secretary Ray Mabus hopes will be a transition away from energy sources in unstable parts of the world. “The main reason we are moving toward alternative energy in navy marine corps is to make us better war fighters, is to reduce our vulnerability on imported fossil fuel," he stated. "(To) Make sure we have energy security and energy independence in the United States military, United States Navy."

Spending funds on biofuels restricts DoD’s ability to be resilient in times of high oil prices.

Center for American Progress. Christina C. DiPasquale, and Daniel J. Weiss July 10, 2012. ‘Great Green Fleet’ Sails Toward Pentagon’s Reduction in Oil Use. By

These arguments ignore the drain on America’s defense budget from oil price spikes such as those experienced earlier this year. The Department of Defense estimates that for every $1 increase in the price of a barrel of oil, the military incurs an additional $130 million in fuel costs. In fact, a Center for American Progress analysis (see table) found that the most recent oil price spike cost the Department of Defense $123 million more for oil purchases from January to May of this year compared to purchases one year ago over the same months. The 2012 price spike forced $1.1 billion more spending for oil compared to the same time in 2010. There's no end in sight for the strain of high oil prices on the Department of Defense. According to Energy Department statistics, world oil prices will average an estimated $145 a barrel in 2035 (in 2010 dollars), up from the current $85-to-$110 range this year. This past May, groups including Pew Charitable Trusts, the American Farm Bureau Federation, and Airlines for America issued a joint statement voicing their opposition to the antibiofuel amendments adopted by the Senate Committee on Armed Services: In fiscal years 2011 and 2012, DoD came up $5.6 billion short in its budget for military operations and maintenance because it spent more on fuel than anticipated. Moreover, the United States sends $1 billion overseas each and every day to pay for foreign oil, further draining resources from the U.S. economy. Rep. Forbes argues that studies show biofuel will always be more expensive than petroleum, but the Defense Department’s purchase of small amounts of biofuel for research and development has already dramatically reduced its price, as manufacturers streamline production processes. In fact, the cost of biofuel was cut in half in two years, according to Secretary Mabus. The conservative lawmakers’ push for measures to bar the Navy from spending funds on new alternative fuels that are not yet priced competitively with petroleum led Pentagon spokeswoman Lt. Col. Melinda Morgan to warn that if their amendments are enacted, they could “restrict DOD’s ability to increase our resilience against potential supply disruptions and future price volatility of petroleum products.”

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