Those that reveal fifty to sixty percent, we never tire of."
--Matsuo Bashou, legendary haiku poet
Typical haiku structure:
Use of three lines of up to 17 syllables (traditionally 5-7-5)
Use of a season word or kigo, a word or phrase associated with a particular season
Use of a cut or kire (sometimes indicated by punctuation) to compare two images implicitly)
Few words to describe a multi-tiered structure
Typical waka structure:
Verse in short-form (tanka) or long-form (choka)
Strictly no concept of rhyme. No accidental rhyme, either!
Activities:
Famous Japanese Death Poems (See Appendices 3.1)
Students use the provided worksheet to draw comparisons to three of the most famous Japanese Death Poems. Using a table, label each section with the following headings: Author, Occupation, Type of Poem, Imagery Used, Season Word, Emotion, Meaning.
Pair Interpretation (See Appendices 3.2)
In pairs, students should choose one death poem from the second handout provided and answer the following questions:
Explain the meaning of the poem in your own words.
What is the subject?
What imagery does the poem use?
Death poems often indicate a state of emotion in the writer’s final hour. What state of emotion do you think your poet was in? (Was this a peaceful death? Was he bitter with the world?)
Say the poem out loud in Japanese. How does it compare to its English translation? Do you think anything was ‘lost in translation’? If so, what? Why?
Celebrity Death Poem
Write a death poem (waka or haiku) for at least one of the following famous dearly departed. Remember simplicity, emotion, seasons, human senses.
Marilyn Monroe
Ned Kelley
Harold Holt
Leonardo DaVinci
Charles Darwin
Steve Jobs
Amy Winehouse
Kurt Cobain
Charlie Chaplin
Jimi Hendrix
Michael Jackson
Carl Williams
Elvis Presely
Henry Ford
Thomas Edison
Albert Einstein
Heath Ledger
John Lennon
Butoh, Dance of Death
Butoh is an avant-garde performance art originating in the 1960’s. Its founders were a young rebellious modern dancer named Tatsumi Hijikata and his partner Kazuo Ohno. Post-War Japan was a time of transition, attempting to hold onto its traditional values while Western Democratic values from America began to saturate popular culture. Butoh was born out of Hijikata’s dissatisfaction with Japan’s newfound scene of Westernized dance. Originally called ‘Ankoku Butoh,’ or Dance of Darkness, the darkness referred to the area of unknown to mankind, either within himself or in his surroundings. It involves playful and grotesque imagery, taboo topics, absurd and surreal environments, and most uniquely, slow hyper-controlled motion. It uses Shinto, an ancient Japanese religion composed of a deep respect for nature. Butoh traditionally attempts to connect ideas of body, mind and spirit with the worship of nature. It speaks to the dark part of the soul—using highly elaborate makeup and costuming to depict death, ghosts and demons—but also speaks to the process of renewal and rebirth. (See Appendices 3.3)
Butoh performers
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