Bringing Ritual to Mind Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms



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enabling, 18 –19, 25, 29, 33 –34, 116, 144, 213




representation, x, 11 –13, 17, 24, 26, 29 –30, 32, 115, 126, 143




structural description of, 115 –116, 191







Africa, x —xi




agency, 11 –12, 18, 23 –25, 30, 122, 213




ascription of, 20, 22, 3







agent, x, 8 –13, 16 –17, 20 –26, 30 –32, 83, 115, 142 –3, 189, 191, 220




causality, 21 –22




representation of, x, 8, 11, 17, 24, 26




superhuman: see CPS-agents




recognition/identification of, 8, 10 –11, 21, 23, 34, 115, 124, 218







Agni, 152




Alois Koki, 91




altar, 116, 152 –153




America, United States of, 30, 47, 56 –57, 64, 77, 102, 145, 203 –204, 206, 209




analogical coding, 65 –69, 72 –73, 82, 106




ancestor, 9, 20, 24, 30, 36, 51, 67, 71, 89 –92, 94 –99, 101, 115, 120, 136, 158 –160, 163 –170, 178, 180, 192 –194, 196 –198, 200, 212, 218 –219




anthropology/anthropologist, x, 6, 64, 67, 71, 94, 216




cognitive, 39




cultural, 40, 64, 108, 213







apotheosize, 91, 95, 164, 168, 218




Asia, 207




attention, 1 –3, 10, 22, 26, 40 –41, 45, 50, 58, 64, 72, 77 –79, 82, 87, 97, 100, 122, 163, 173, 179, 198, 212, 217 –218




attractor, 41 –48, 55 –56, 73, 86 –87, 93, 100, 103 –104, 111 –114, 118, 141 –142, 153 –154, 158, 160 –162, 184 –185, 190, 199 –200, 206, 208 –211




Augobmin, 54




Australia, 38, 89




awan, 95 –96, 159 –160




awanga, 96, 98, 111, 122, 159, 193







Baining: see Mali Baining




Baktaman, 47 –48, 54 –55, 64 –69, 71 –77, 79 –84, 86 –89, 93, 101 –102, 106 –107, 110, 119, 128 –132, 144, 146 –147, 152 –153, 159, 183, 211 –212, 214 –215




Baninge, 94 –99, 102, 158 –159, 163 –164, 166 –169, 176, 180, 183, 186 –187, 190, 193, 194, 196, 218 –219




Baron-Cohen, S., 124, 216




Barrett, Justin, xi, 32




Barth, Fredrick, x, 45, 47, 54 –55, 64 –74, 76, 79, 81 –84, 86 –87, 106, 128, 152, 211 –212, 215




Bernard, 90




Bernard's Temple, 92, 97, 136, 160, 173, 176, 184, 192




biological, 39, 133




bishop, 3, 116




Bolovip, 74




Book of Common Prayer, 1




Boyer, Pascal, ix —xi, 20 –22, 30, 211 –213




Brahman, 15 –16, 135




Brown, Roger, 57 –59, 63, 75 –77




Buddha, 86




Buddhism, 109, 140, 147, 203




Pure Land, 144




Theravada, 8, 17




Zen, 145










California/Californians, 61 –64, 75, 77, 215




cardinal, 3 –4




cargo cult, 88, 90, 93

-228-




ceiling-level effects, 56, 62, 64




Challenger, 59 –60, 62, 215




Christ, Jesus, 23, 32 –34, 86, 118, 120, 145, 206, 213, 216, 218




Christianity, x, 27, 31, 74, 86, 89, 120, 128 –130, 145 –147, 156, 201 –202, 204 –206, 216 –217, 219




Baptist/Southern Baptist, 203, 205, 210




Catholic Church, 23, 33 –34, 97, 118, 129, 203




Church of England, 1 –2, 203




Methodist, 90




Protestants, 119, 201, 203, 209 –210




Shakers, 39







Christianson, Sven-Åke, 58 –59




Church, 2, 29, 86, 90, 118, 124, 145, 157, 210, 216




Church of Latter Day Saints, 127, 204 –205, 209




clergy, 127, 132




codification, style of, 84, 99, 104 –107, 109 –110, 126, 140 –141, 201, 203, 219




cognition, 35, 42, 114, 182, 212




cognitive, 4 –5, 8, 10, 21, 26, 34, 40, 42, 44 –45, 50, 52, 54, 73, 77 –78, 100, 104, 107 –109, 112 –114, 126, 143, 178, 213 –214




apparatus, x, 8, 10 –12, 23 –24, 78, 113




appeal, x, 8, 10 –12, 23 –24, 78, 113




development, 11, 115




dispositions, 67, 214




dynamics, 45, 54, 73, 108, 110




factors, 42, 45




fluidity, 213




foundations, 184




of cultural transmission, 38, 42




of memory, 49




of religion, x, 7, 112, 140







micro-processes, 41, 43, 104, 216




processes, 5, 8, 49, 76, 104 –105, 110, 112, 141, 219




relevance, 50, 85




systems, 4, 10, 12, 40, 77, 115







cognitive science, ix, 6, 11 –12, 36, 179




communication, 39, 41, 44 –45, 50, 52, 68, 72, 80, 94, 98, 104, 216




competence, x, 4 –6, 30, 37




compositionality, 66, 74, 153, 212, 215




constraints




cognitive, 7, 42




psychological, 7, 72, 184




social, 82







Copernicus, 16




cosmology, 82, 93, 108, 159, 215




counter-intuitive properties, 9, 20, 22 –23, 25




CPS-agents, x, 8, 10, 12 –15, 17 –18, 20, 22 –34, 43 –44, 50, 114 –118, 120 –123, 133 –135, 138, 142 –145, 159, 161, 164 –166, 170, 187, 189, 191, 193, 199 –200, 206, 213, 216, 218




cult leader, 66, 75, 82 –83, 129 –131, 215




cultural knowledge, 38, 46 –47, 66, 69, 84 –85, 107




transmission of, 38 –39, 46, 54







culture, x —xi, 7 –8, 10, 16 –17, 36, 39 –41, 45 –46, 48, 52 –53, 57, 63, 67 –70, 72, 75 –76, 81 –82, 84 –85, 87, 90, 104, 108, 119, 123, 182, 185, 191, 193, 208, 210, 212 –214, 216




change, 40 –41, 84




form, 40, 42, 49, 51, 54, 70, 85, 213 –214




innovation, 71 –72




mechanisms, 75, 153, 186, 190




practices, 87










Dadul, 88 –90, 93 –94, 96 –97, 99, 103, 111, 123, 158, 172 –173, 180, 195 –196, 198, 201. See also: splinter groups




Dalai Lama, 203




Damasio, Antonio, 77 –78




Dawkins, Richard, 39




Decalogue, 90




deity, 135




Diamond, Jared, 211 –212




digital coding, 66




divining, 3, 17, 29




divinity, 90




divorce, 133, 157




Donald, Merlin, 211, 216




dynamical systems, 7







ecstatic movements, 7, 185, 200, 206




Egypt, 2




emotion, x, 1 –2, 43, 60, 76, 78 –79, 87, 100 –101, 103, 105, 108, 110 –112, 114 –115, 119, 123, 141, 174, 185, 208, 211




charged, 58, 60, 88, 97, 101 –103, 108, 112 –113, 123, 140, 199




excitement, 6, 87, 101 –103, 108, 113 –114, 119, 126




elevated, 80, 112 –113, 122 –123




low intensity, 2, 109




markers, 79




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emotional arousal, 1 –2, 6 –7, 36, 38, 42, 44, 47, 57, 60, 63 –64, 72, 77 –81, 87, 93, 100, 102 –103, 107, 112 –113, 118 –119, 123, 138 –141, 152, 155, 164, 187, 191, 201, 217




response, 2, 79, 102, 110




stimulation, 7, 61, 78 –80, 87 –89, 100, 106 –107, 110, 113, 128, 147, 149, 198 –199, 208, 218







empirical




adequacy, 9, 34, 37, 46, 132, 139, 173




detectability, 182, 199, 206, 209




matters, ix, 4 –5, 77, 103 –104, 124, 130




See also: evidence; theory, testing of







Enkaiakmin, 74




Enlightenment, 86, 203




epidemiology, 40 –41, 45, 69, 142 –143




eschatology, 91




ethnography, x —xi, 5 –7, 9, 32, 36 –37, 48, 89, 165, 177 –179, 195




Europe, xi, 30, 89, 204, 208, 210, 213, 219




evidence, x —xi, 5, 21, 35 –36, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 –61, 64 –65, 71, 73 –74, 124 –126, 133, 151 –152, 155, 164, 166, 177 –179, 195, 198, 213, 215 –216, 218




empirical, x, 5, 7, 21, 139, 146, 155, 171




experimental, 5, 22, 49, 80




psychological, 5, 10, 126







evolution, 7 –8, 20, 38 –40, 42, 44 –46, 75, 82, 85 –86, 109, 112, 141, 154, 157 –158, 162 –163, 172 –175, 177, 179 –180, 186, 190, 197, 208 –209, 213




biological, 39 –41




cultural, 38 –41, 51







excommunication, 3, 31, 133




experiment, x —xi, 6, 23, 34, 47 –49, 59, 61 –62, 73, 75, 77 –79, 190, 193




explanation, ix, 1 –3, 5 –10, 16, 20, 22 –23, 29 –32, 34 –36, 39 –41, 44, 46 –47, 50, 55, 58, 64, 69, 72 –74, 76, 81 –82, 84 –85, 87, 94, 99 –100, 105, 112, 114 –115, 120, 123 –126, 137, 139 –140, 142, 145 –146, 150, 167, 169, 174, 176, 180, 183 –184, 186, 200, 204, 213 –214, 216 –218




Eye-Direction-Detector, 217







frequency effects, 48, 56, 68, 107, 142, 211







Gaskell, G. D., 76 –77




Gazelle Peninsula, 89




Gellner, Ernest, 104




Georgia/Georgians, 61 –62




Germany, 89




God, 27 –28, 86, 90, 97, 116




gods, 3, 12, 18, 20, 22 –24, 26, 30 –31, 33, 44, 50, 84, 86, 115 –117, 120 –123, 134, 138 –139, 143, 155, 179, 189, 190 –191, 199 –200, 202, 205, 209, 212, 217




Guthrie, Stewart, 216







habit, 3, 49, 103, 107, 180, 185 –190, 193 –195, 199, 206, 209




Hajar-al-Aswad, 150




Harsch, Nicole, 59 –61, 214 –215




Heaven's Gate, 204




Hinduism, 35, 109, 140, 146 –147, 150 –151




holy water, 18, 116, 120




humanities, ix —x, 8, 22




Humphry, C., 32




Hunter, Ian, 52




hyperactive agent detection device (HADD), 21 –22




hypothesis, 6 –7, 12, 48, 63 –64, 70, 79, 89, 100 –101, 104, 124, 126, 208




cognitive alarm, 48, 77, 87, 113, 115, 122, 180, 188




Easterbrook, 58




emotional strengthening, 60




Now Print, 76




ritual form, 6 –7, 113 –115, 117 –119, 123 –127, 132 –139, 141 –144, 146 –149, 153, 155, 158, 162, 166, 171 –180, 183 –184, 187 –188, 217, 219




ritual frequency, 6 –7, 99 –100, 109 –113, 119, 123 –132, 134 –142, 144 –149, 153, 155, 157 –158, 161, 172 –177, 179 –180, 183 –184, 187, 216, 219 –220




testing of, 132, 137, 139, 155, 162





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