Common "G" Codes for CNC Turning:-
G00 - Rapid Positioning
G01 - Linear Interpolation
G02 - Arc Clockwise
G03 - Arc Counterclockwise
G04 - Feeding Dwell for some time
G07 - Feedrate Sine Curve Control
G10 - Data Setting
G11 - Data Setting Cancel
G17 - X - Y Plane selection
G18 - X - Z Plane selection
G19 - Y - Z Plane selection
G20 - Inch Units
G21 - Metric Units
G22 - Stored Stroke Check ON
G23 - Stored Stroke Check OFF
G27 - Reference Point Return Check
G28 - Automatic Zero Return
G29 - Return from Zero Position
G30 - 2nd Reference Point Return
G31 - Skip Function
G32 - Thread Cutting
G36 - Automatic Tool Compensation
G40 - Tool Compensation Cancel
G41 - Tool Compensation Left
G42 - Tool Compensation Right
G46 - Automatic Tool Compensation
G50 - Coordinate System Setting
G52 - Local Coordinate System Setting
G53 - Machine Coordinate System Setting
G54 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #1
G55 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #2
G56 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #3
G57 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #4
G58 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #5
G59 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #6
G61 - Exact Stop Check Mode
G62 - Automatic Corner Override
G63 - Tapping Mode
G64 - Cutting Mode
G65 - User Macro Call
G66 - User Macro Call (Modal)
G67 - User Macro Call Cancel (Modal)
G70 - Finishing Cycle
G71 - Turning Cycle
G72 - Facing Cycle
G73 - Pattern Repeat
G74 - Drilling Cycle
G75 - Grooving Cycle
G76 - Threading Cycle
G80 - Canned Cycle Cancel
G83 - Face Drilling Cycle
G84 - Face Tapping Cycle
G86 - Face Boring Cycle
G90 - Absolute Positioning
G91 - Incremental Positioning
G92 - OD Thread Cutting Cycle
G94 - Face Turning Cycle
G96 - Constant Speed Control
G97 - Constant Speed Control Cancel
G98 - Feedrate Per minute
G99 - Feedrate Per Revolution
G107 - Cylindrical Interpolation
G112 - Polar Coordinate Interpolation
G113 - Polar Coordinate Interpolation Cancel
Common "G" Codes for CNC milling:-
G00 Rapid positioning (point to point)
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Circular/helical interpolation CW
G03 Circular/helical interpolation CCW
G04 Dwell
G06 Spline interpolation
G07 Hypothetical axis interpolation
G09 Exact Stop
G11 Mirror image cancel
G12 Mirror X Axis values
G13 Mirror Y Axis values
G14 Mirror XY Axis values
G17 X-Y plane select
G18 Z-X plane select
G19 Y-Z plane select
G20 Inch input (equivalent to G70)
G21 Metric input (equivalent to G71 )
G28 Return to machine coordinate origin
G29 Return from machine coordinate origin
G40 Cutter radius compensation cancel
G41 Cutter radius compensation left
G42 Cutter radius compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation +
G44 Tool length compensation -
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G50 Scaling cancel
G51 Scaling
G53 Machine coordinate system selected
G54 Work coordinate frame 1 selection
G55 Work coordinate frame 2 selection
G56 Work coordinate frame 3 selection
G57 Work coordinate frame 4 selection
G58 Work coordinate frame 5 selection
G59 Work coordinate frame 6 selection
G61 Exact stop mode (block by block)
G64 Continuous mode (look-ahead)
G70 Inch input
G71 Metric Input
G73 Peck drilling cycle
G74 Counter tapping cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Canned cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle, spot boring
G82 Drilling cycle, counter boring
G83 Peck drilling cycle
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 Absolute command
G91 Incremental command
G92 Work coordinates change
G93 Inverse time feed
G94 Feed rate per minute
G95 Feed rate per revolution
G98 Canned cycle initial level return
G99 Canned cycle R point level return
Advantages and disadvantages of CAD and CAM:-
CAD Advantages:
Accurate, precise, & immediately alterable.
Anybody can do the design work (anybody, anywhere who can access the design).
Computer Modeling can test stress failure/ efficiency
CAD Disadvantages
Have to train people to use the software
Expensive Implementation
CAM Advantages
Precise, allowing tighter tolerances for machine work.
Hugely more efficient
Consistent results (every one is the same)
Less waste
Fewer people to pay
CAM disadvantages
VERY expensive implementation,
High maintenance costs
Part Programming:-
NC part programming consists of planning and documenting the sequence of processing steps to be performed on an Nc machine . The documentation portion of part programming involves the input medium used to transmit the program of instructions to the NC machine control unit.
Part programming can be accomplished using a variety of procedures ranging from highly manual to highly automated methods . These methods are:
Manual Part Programming
The programmer first prepares the program manuscript in a standard format.
Manuscripts are typed with a device known as flexo writer, which is also used to type
the program instructions. After the program is typed, the punched tape is prepared on th
flexo writer. Complex shaped components require tedious calculations. This type of
programming is carried out for simple machining parts produced on point-to-point
machine tool.
To be able to create a part program manually, need the following information :
(a) Knowledge about various manufacturing processes and machines.
(b) Sequence of operations to be performed for a given component.
(c) Knowledge of the selection of cutting parameters.
(d) Editing the part program according to the design changes.
(e) Knowledge about the codes and functions used in part programs
b) Computer Aided Part Programming
If the complex-shaped component requires calculations to produce the component are
done by the programming software contained in the computer. The programmer
communicates with this system through the system language, which is based on words.
There are various programming languages developed in the recent past, such as APT
(Automatically Programmed Tools), ADAPT, AUTOSPOT, COMPAT-II, 2CL,
ROMANCE, SPLIT is used for writing a computer programme, which has English like
statements. A translator known as compiler program is used to translate it in a form
acceptable to MCU.
The programmer has to do only following things :
(a) Define the work part geometry.
(b) Defining the repetition work.
(c) Specifying the operation sequence.
Over the past years, lot of effort is devoted to automate the part programme generation.
With the development of the CAD (Computer Aided Design)/CAM (Computer Aided
Manufacturing) system, interactive graphic system is integrated with the NC part
programming. Graphic based software using menu driven technique improves the user
friendliness. The part programmer can create the geometrical model in the CAM package
or directly extract the geometrical model from the CAD/CAM database. Built in tool
motion commands can assist the part programmer to calculate the tool paths
automatically. The programmer can verify the tool paths through the graphic display
using the animation function of the CAM system. It greatly enhances the speed and
accuracy in tool path generation.
Description of commands:-
Turning:-
SINUMERIK 810
Codes
|
Function
|
G00
|
Positioning (rapid traverse)
|
G01
|
Linear interpolation
|
G02
|
Circular interpolation clockwise
|
G03
|
Circular interpolation counterclockwise
|
G04
|
Dwell
|
G09
|
Exact stop
|
G10
|
Polar coordinate interpolation, rapid traverse
|
G11
|
Polar coordinate interpolation, linear interpolation
|
G12
|
Polar coordinate interpolation, circular interpolation clockwise
|
G13
|
Polar coordinate interpolation, circular interpolation counterclockwise
|
G16
|
Plane selection with free axis selection
|
G18
|
Plane ZX
|
G25
|
Minimum working area limitation
|
G26
|
Maximum working area limitation
|
G33
|
Thread cutting
|
G40
|
Cancel cutter radius compensation
|
G41
|
Cutter radius compensation left
|
G42
|
Cutter radius compensation right
|
G48
|
Leave as approached
|
G50
|
Cancel scale modification
|
G51
|
Scale modification
|
G53
|
Cancel zero offset blockwise
|
G54
|
Zero offset 1
|
G55
|
Zero offset 2
|
G56
|
Zero offset 3
|
G57
|
Zero offset 4
|
G58
|
Programmable zero offset 1
|
G59
|
Programmable zero offset2
|
G62
|
Deselect ion exact stop mode
|
G63
|
tapping with compensation chuck
|
G64
|
Deselection exact stop mode
|
G70
|
Measuring in inches
|
G71
|
Measuring in millimeter
|
G80
|
Deselection of drilling cycles
|
G90
|
Absolute programming
|
G91
|
Incremental programming
|
G92
|
Spindle speed limit
|
G92P
|
Cylindrical interpolation ON
|
G92P1
|
Cylindrical interpolation OFF
|
G94
|
Feed per minute
|
G95
|
Feed per revolution
|
G96
|
Constant cutting speed, feed per revolution
|
G97
|
Constant spindle speed
|
G130
|
Transmit OFF
|
G131
|
Transmit ON
|
G147
|
Soft approach to contour with linear
|
G148
|
Soft leaving with linear
|
G247
|
Soft approach to contour with quarter circle
|
G248
|
Soft leaving with quarter circle
|
G347
|
Soft approach to contour with semicircle
|
G348
|
Soft leaving with semicircle
|
Survey on M Commands
M00 .......Programmed stop unconditional
M01 .......Programmed stop conditional
M02 .......Main program end
M03 .......Spindle ON clockwise
M04 .......Spindle ON counterclockwise
M05 ............ Spindle OFF
M08 .......Coolant ON
M09 ............. Coolant OFF
M17 .......Subroutine end
M20 .......Tailstock BACK
M21 .......Tailstock FORWARD
M25 .......Open clamping device
M26 .......Close clamping device
M30 .......Main program end
M52 ....... C- axis ON
M53 ........C- axis OFF
M71 ....... Puff blowing ON
M72 .............. Puff blowing OFF
3.1.2.2. SINUMERIK 840
Survey on G-commands
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