Ch. 1 Manufacturing Introduction : Manufacturing


Common "G" Codes for CNC Turning:-



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Common "G" Codes for CNC Turning:-


G00 - Rapid Positioning
G01 - Linear Interpolation
G02 - Arc Clockwise
G03 - Arc Counterclockwise
G04 - Feeding Dwell for some time
G07 - Feedrate Sine Curve Control
G10 - Data Setting
G11 - Data Setting Cancel
G17 - X - Y Plane  selection
G18 - X - Z Plane  selection
G19 - Y - Z Plane  selection
G20 - Inch Units
G21 - Metric Units
G22 - Stored Stroke Check ON
G23 - Stored Stroke Check OFF
G27 - Reference Point Return Check
G28 - Automatic Zero Return
G29 - Return from Zero Position
G30 - 2nd Reference Point Return
G31 - Skip Function
G32 - Thread Cutting
G36 - Automatic Tool Compensation
G40 - Tool Compensation Cancel
G41 - Tool Compensation Left
G42 - Tool Compensation Right
G46 - Automatic Tool Compensation
G50 - Coordinate System Setting
G52 - Local Coordinate System Setting
G53 - Machine Coordinate System Setting
G54 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #1
G55 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #2
G56 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #3
G57 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #4
G58 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #5
G59 - Workpiece Coordinate Setting #6
G61 - Exact Stop Check Mode
G62 - Automatic Corner Override
G63 - Tapping Mode
G64 - Cutting Mode
G65 - User Macro Call
G66 - User Macro Call (Modal)
G67 - User Macro Call Cancel (Modal)
G70 - Finishing Cycle
G71 - Turning Cycle
G72 - Facing Cycle
G73 - Pattern Repeat
G74 - Drilling Cycle
G75 - Grooving Cycle
G76 - Threading Cycle
G80 - Canned Cycle Cancel
G83 - Face Drilling Cycle
G84 - Face Tapping Cycle
G86 - Face Boring Cycle
G90 - Absolute Positioning
G91 - Incremental Positioning
G92 - OD Thread Cutting Cycle
G94 - Face Turning Cycle
G96 - Constant Speed Control
G97 - Constant Speed Control Cancel
G98 - Feedrate Per minute
G99 - Feedrate Per Revolution
G107 - Cylindrical Interpolation
G112 - Polar Coordinate Interpolation
G113 - Polar Coordinate Interpolation Cancel

Common "G" Codes for CNC milling:-




  • G00 Rapid positioning (point to point)

  • G01 Linear interpolation

  • G02 Circular/helical interpolation CW

  • G03 Circular/helical interpolation CCW

  • G04 Dwell

  • G06 Spline interpolation

  • G07 Hypothetical axis interpolation

  • G09 Exact Stop

  • G11 Mirror image cancel

  • G12 Mirror X Axis values

  • G13 Mirror Y Axis values

  • G14 Mirror XY Axis values

  • G17 X-Y plane select

  • G18 Z-X plane select

  • G19 Y-Z plane select

  • G20 Inch input (equivalent to G70)

  • G21 Metric input (equivalent to G71 )

  • G28 Return to machine coordinate origin

  • G29 Return from machine coordinate origin

  • G40 Cutter radius compensation cancel

  • G41 Cutter radius compensation left

  • G42 Cutter radius compensation right

  • G43 Tool length compensation +

  • G44 Tool length compensation -

  • G49 Tool length compensation cancel

  • G50 Scaling cancel

  • G51 Scaling

  • G53 Machine coordinate system selected

  • G54 Work coordinate frame 1 selection

  • G55 Work coordinate frame 2 selection

  • G56 Work coordinate frame 3 selection

  • G57 Work coordinate frame 4 selection

  • G58 Work coordinate frame 5 selection

  • G59 Work coordinate frame 6 selection

  • G61 Exact stop mode (block by block)

  • G64 Continuous mode (look-ahead)

  • G70 Inch input

  • G71 Metric Input

  • G73 Peck drilling cycle

  • G74 Counter tapping cycle

  • G76 Fine boring cycle

  • G80 Canned cycle cancel

  • G81 Drilling cycle, spot boring

  • G82 Drilling cycle, counter boring

  • G83 Peck drilling cycle

  • G84 Tapping cycle

  • G85 Boring cycle

  • G86 Boring cycle

  • G87 Back boring cycle

  • G88 Boring cycle

  • G89 Boring cycle

  • G90 Absolute command

  • G91 Incremental command

  • G92 Work coordinates change

  • G93 Inverse time feed

  • G94 Feed rate per minute

  • G95 Feed rate per revolution

  • G98 Canned cycle initial level return

  • G99 Canned cycle R point level return


Advantages and disadvantages of CAD and CAM:-

CAD Advantages:
Accurate, precise, & immediately alterable.
Anybody can do the design work (anybody, anywhere who can access the design).
Computer Modeling can test stress failure/ efficiency

CAD Disadvantages
Have to train people to use the software
Expensive Implementation

CAM Advantages
Precise, allowing tighter tolerances for machine work.
Hugely more efficient
Consistent results (every one is the same)
Less waste
Fewer people to pay

CAM disadvantages
VERY expensive implementation,
High maintenance costs

Part Programming:-

NC part programming consists of planning and documenting the sequence of processing steps to be performed on an Nc machine . The documentation portion of part programming involves the input medium used to transmit the program of instructions to the NC machine control unit.

Part programming can be accomplished using a variety of procedures ranging from highly manual to highly automated methods . These methods are:


  1. Manual Part Programming

The programmer first prepares the program manuscript in a standard format.

Manuscripts are typed with a device known as flexo writer, which is also used to type

the program instructions. After the program is typed, the punched tape is prepared on th

flexo writer. Complex shaped components require tedious calculations. This type of

programming is carried out for simple machining parts produced on point-to-point

machine tool.

To be able to create a part program manually, need the following information :

(a) Knowledge about various manufacturing processes and machines.

(b) Sequence of operations to be performed for a given component.

(c) Knowledge of the selection of cutting parameters.

(d) Editing the part program according to the design changes.

(e) Knowledge about the codes and functions used in part programs




b) Computer Aided Part Programming

If the complex-shaped component requires calculations to produce the component are

done by the programming software contained in the computer. The programmer

communicates with this system through the system language, which is based on words.

There are various programming languages developed in the recent past, such as APT

(Automatically Programmed Tools), ADAPT, AUTOSPOT, COMPAT-II, 2CL,

ROMANCE, SPLIT is used for writing a computer programme, which has English like

statements. A translator known as compiler program is used to translate it in a form

acceptable to MCU.

The programmer has to do only following things :

(a) Define the work part geometry.

(b) Defining the repetition work.

(c) Specifying the operation sequence.

Over the past years, lot of effort is devoted to automate the part programme generation.

With the development of the CAD (Computer Aided Design)/CAM (Computer Aided

Manufacturing) system, interactive graphic system is integrated with the NC part

programming. Graphic based software using menu driven technique improves the user

friendliness. The part programmer can create the geometrical model in the CAM package

or directly extract the geometrical model from the CAD/CAM database. Built in tool

motion commands can assist the part programmer to calculate the tool paths

automatically. The programmer can verify the tool paths through the graphic display

using the animation function of the CAM system. It greatly enhances the speed and



accuracy in tool path generation.


Description of commands:-
Turning:-

SINUMERIK 810



Codes

Function

G00

Positioning (rapid traverse)


G01

Linear interpolation

G02

Circular interpolation clockwise

G03

Circular interpolation counterclockwise

G04

Dwell

G09

Exact stop

G10

Polar coordinate interpolation, rapid traverse

G11

Polar coordinate interpolation, linear interpolation

G12

Polar coordinate interpolation, circular interpolation clockwise

G13

Polar coordinate interpolation, circular interpolation counterclockwise

G16

Plane selection with free axis selection

G18

Plane ZX

G25

Minimum working area limitation

G26

Maximum working area limitation

G33

Thread cutting

G40

Cancel cutter radius compensation

G41

Cutter radius compensation left

G42

Cutter radius compensation right

G48

Leave as approached

G50

Cancel scale modification

G51

Scale modification

G53

Cancel zero offset blockwise

G54

Zero offset 1

G55

Zero offset 2

G56

Zero offset 3

G57

Zero offset 4

G58

Programmable zero offset 1

G59

Programmable zero offset2

G62

Deselect ion exact stop mode

G63

tapping with compensation chuck

G64

Deselection exact stop mode

G70

Measuring in inches

G71

Measuring in millimeter

G80

Deselection of drilling cycles

G90

Absolute programming

G91

Incremental programming

G92

Spindle speed limit

G92P

Cylindrical interpolation ON

G92P1

Cylindrical interpolation OFF

G94

Feed per minute

G95

Feed per revolution

G96

Constant cutting speed, feed per revolution

G97

Constant spindle speed

G130

Transmit OFF

G131

Transmit ON

G147

Soft approach to contour with linear

G148

Soft leaving with linear

G247

Soft approach to contour with quarter circle

G248

Soft leaving with quarter circle

G347

Soft approach to contour with semicircle

G348

Soft leaving with semicircle

Survey on M Commands

M00 .......Programmed stop unconditional

M01 .......Programmed stop conditional

M02 .......Main program end

M03 .......Spindle ON clockwise

M04 .......Spindle ON counterclockwise

M05 ............ Spindle OFF

M08 .......Coolant ON

M09 ............. Coolant OFF

M17 .......Subroutine end

M20 .......Tailstock BACK

M21 .......Tailstock FORWARD

M25 .......Open clamping device

M26 .......Close clamping device

M30 .......Main program end

M52 ....... C- axis ON

M53 ........C- axis OFF

M71 ....... Puff blowing ON

M72 .............. Puff blowing OFF



3.1.2.2. SINUMERIK 840

Survey on G-commands




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