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High speed machining friendly, human health, and operational safety. Reducing energy consumption, waste-free/minimum waste manufacturing operations, and the reuse of the raw material of the end-of-life product are possible. Analyses of the cutting fluids, cutting tips, cutting conditions, and tool-workpiece combinations in particular in machining operations include opportunities to reduce energy consumption Fig. 11.2
presents the development of sustainable production. The figure demonstrates that sustainable production evolved over a few generations conventional production, lean production, green production, and the most advanced stage of sustainable production.
The R approach adds three new elements to change the classical approach R these elements are recovered, redesigned, and reproduced. The improvement step relates to the collection of end-of-life products via postuse activities.
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