Chicago Debate League 2013/14 Core Files


AC Harms: A/t - #1 “Law Does Not Matter” 176



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2AC Harms: A/t - #1 “Law Does Not Matter” 176



1) The Law did not create racism, but physical policing of the border frames immigrants from Mexico as criminals who are sub-human and undeserving of rights or equality as non-Whites. People can choose to ignore the law’s words, but they can’t ignore the law’s actions. Extend our MARTINEZ and VARGAS evidence.
2) Mexican-Americans have always been legally classified as White, but have never been given the privileges of Whiteness. This creates a cycle of discrimination that can’t be challenged on the basis of race.
MARTINEZ, 97

[George, Associate Professor of Law, Southern Methodist University; “The Legal Construction of Race:

Mexican-Americans and Whiteness;" 2 2 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 321]
Far from having a privileged status, Mexican-Americans faced discrimination very similar to that experienced by AfricanAmericans. Thus, Mexican-Americans were excluded from public facilities and neighborhoods, and were the targets of racial slurs. Mexican-Americans typically lived in one section of town because they were not permitted to rent or own property anywhere except in the "Mexican Colony," regardless of their social, educational or economic status. Similarly, Mexican-Americans were segregated in public schools. Mexican-Americans have also faced significant discrimination in the area of employment.' Mexican-Americans were earmarked for exclusive employment in the lowest brackets of employment. They were paid less than Anglo-Americans for the same jobs. Moreover, law enforcement officials have committed widespread discrimination against Mexican-Americans. In this regard, Mexican-Americans have been subjected to unduly harsh treatment by police, have been frequently arrested on insufficient grounds and have received harrassment and penalties disproportionately severe compared to those imposed on Anglos for the same acts. These facts seem to implicate the principle of marginality. Actual social behavior - i.e., discrimination practiced against Mexican-Americans - failed to reflect the legal norms that defined Mexican-Americans as white. Although Mexican-Americans were white as a matter of law, that law failed to provide them with a privileged status. Their legal status as white persons had only a marginal impact in daily life.


2AC Harms: A/t - #2 “Federal Government Isn’t Key” [1/2] 177



1) This argument is not correct. Even if the federal government has devolved some authority over immigration law to state and local governments, it is still federal jurisdiction to declare citizenship status. If the federal government declares Mexicans have economic rights, then state lawmakers do not have the authority to take those rights away.
2) Our demand is not a one-time call that stops after the debate is over. We can make demands on multiple governments to make multiple changes, even if for this debate we are focusing on the federal government. Our movement does not exclude other calls for justice. Extend our VARGAS and JOHNSON evidence.
3) Racism may exist everywhere, but we have an obligation to fight it at every location. Leaving federal policy alone just because there are racist police elsewhere does not meet our obligation.
BARNDT, 10

[Joseph; former director of Crossroads Ministry – Chicago, “Dismantling Racism: The Continuing Challenge to White America,” p. 155-6]


To study racism is to study walls. We have looked at barriers and fences and limitations, ghettos and prisons. The prison of racism confines us all, people of color and white people alike. It shackles the victimizer as well as the victim. The walls forcibly keep people of color and white people separate from each other; in our separate prisons we are all prevented from achieving the human potential that God intends for us. The limitations imposed on people of color by poverty, subservience, and powerlessness are cruel, inhuman, and unjust; the effects of uncontrolled power, privilege, and greed, which are the marks of our white prison will inevitably destroy us as well. But we have also seen that the walls of racism can be dismantled. We are not condemned to an inexorable fate, but are offered the vision and the possibility of freedom. Brick by brick, stone by stone, the prison of individual, institutional, and cultural racism can be destroyed. You and I are urgently called to join the efforts of those who know it is time to tear down, once and for all, the walls of racism. The danger of self-destruction seems to be drawing ever more near. The results of centuries of national and worldwide conquest and colonization, of military buildups and violent aggression, of overconsumption and environmental destruction may be reaching the point of no return. A small and predominantly white minority of global population derives its power and privilege from sufferings of the vast majority of peoples of color. For the sake of the world and ourselves, we dare not allow it to continue.


2AC Harms: A/t - #2 “Federal Government Isn’t Key” [2/2] 178



4) Federal government immigration policy gets modeled by local governments and private businesses. Discrimination at the top leads to discrimination at every level.
JOHNSON, 03

[Kevin, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Law, University of California at Davis School of Law; “SEPTEMBER 11 AND MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS: COLLATERAL DAMAGE COMES HOME;" 52 DePaul L. Rev. 849 2002-2003]


The federal government's movement toward citizenship requirements can be expected to encourage state and local governments, as well as private employers to do the same. Even before September 11, immigrants often found it difficult to avoid discrimination by employers in the workplace. The most potent bar to employment discrimination - Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964-does not prohibit discrimination based on immigration status. Although the immigration laws prohibit discrimination against noncitizens eligible to work, evidence suggests that discrimination by employers against persons of Latina/o and Asian ancestry continues to be a problem. New citizenship requirements will likely increase discrimination against Latina/ os and Asian Americans, who are stereotyped as "foreign" even if they are U.S. citizens.


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