Compiled by Colby B. Rucker Preface: Use of Copyrighted Material

126. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1805. B&B.182

(Panicum dactylon L. 1753)

[Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze] Shr.401

(Bermuda Grass, Wire Grass)

Naturalized from Europe. Low perennial (sometimes an annual) creeping by rhizomes and stolons. Excellent turfgrass in southern states.

127. Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.177

(Orchardgrass) Bluish-green perennial naturalized from Europe.

Habitat: "Fields and yards, especially in shade" (Gray 1867).

"Essentially a plant of dry soils" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, waste places and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).

128. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 1817. Shr.401, B&B.145

(Avena spicata L. 1753)

(Poverty Grass, Common Wild Oat-grass, White Oatgrass)

Native, fine-bladed tufted perennial.

Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Marshy areas" (Stieber 1971). "Meadows, old pastures, and neglected fields" (Jaques 1959). "In open woods or, especially, on old pastures and meadows too poor to grow broomsedge" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).

Records: Java Farm, solitary near marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent along upper Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 787, 843, 872 (CBC) (Higman 1977). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

129. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1836. Shr.401, B&B.143

(Aira flexuosa L. 1753)

(Wavy Hair-grass, Crinkled Hairgrass, Common Hairgrass)

Slender, erect, native perennial.

Habitat: "Dry soils, open or woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Shady to open areas at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, moderately abundant at Fox Point (seems characteristic under Quercus prinus canopy on dry sites); infrequent along Fox Point Road" Higman 435, 645, 802 (CBC) (Higman 1977). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist Summer 2001).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

130. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum B&B.98

(Panicum lanuginosum Ell.)

(Panicum huachucae Ashe)

[Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fernald]

(Hairy Panic Grass)

131. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var.

implicatum (Scribn.) Gould & Clark B&B.100

(Panicum leucothrix Nash 1897)

(Slender-stemmed Panic-grass, Roughish Panic-grass)

Native perennial.

132. Dichanthelium acuminatum var. lindheimeri B&B.100

[Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fernald 1934]

(Panicum lindheimeri Nash 1897)

(Lindheimer's Panic-grass)

Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry sandy or sterile woods or open ground" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).

Records: Smithsonian property (As P. lindheimeri; see index to CBC

herbarium, 1993).

133. Dichanthelium acuminatum var. villosum (A. Gray) Gould & Clark B&B.100

(Panicum villosissimum Nash) Perennial.

Habitat: "Mostly in dry woods and sandy sites" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Ivy Neck, solitary at forest margin of cornfield on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 925 (CBC) (As P. villosissimum; Higman 1977). (Hancock's Resolution (As P. villosissimum; Envirens 1991).

Sightings: "Stevens Farm, infrequent in old field at east end" (As P. villosissum; Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC.

134. Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & Clark var.

molle (Vasey) Hitchcock & Chase. B&B.105

[Panicum boscii Poir. var. molle (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase 1908]

(Panicum latifolium L. var. molle Vasey ex Ward 1881)

(Bosc's Panic Grass) Native perennial.

135. Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould Shr.398, B&B.102

(Panicum clandestinum L. 1753).

(Deer-tongue grass) Native perennial.

136. Dichanthelium commutatum (Schultes) Gould B&B.102

(Panicum commutatum Schultes 1824)

(Variable Panic-grass, Hispid Panicum) Native perennial.

137. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould B&B.105

[Panicum dichotomum L. var.

[Barbulatum (Michx.) Wood 1861]

(Panicum barbulatum Michx. 1803) Shr.398

Brown & Brown (p.105) consider P. barbulatum a syn. of Dichanthelium dichotomum;

Hitchcock & Chase hold that P. barbulatum & P. dichotomum intergrade, but are separate.

The following entries all refer to barbulatum, (sp. or var.).

(Barbed Panic Grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Moist soil" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Thin woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (As P. barbulatum; Shreve et al 1910)

Records: Shadyside, in a woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1967). Dorr's Corner, near a bridge over the Severn" 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1971)

138. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould B&B.105

(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex Ell. 1816, not P. microcarpon Muhl. 1817, which is D.

sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum, syn. P. polyanthes) Shr.397

Brown & Brown (p.105) consider P. microcarpon to be a syn. of Dichanthelium

species. The following entries all refer to Panicum microcarpon.

(Small-fruited Panic-grass)

Native perennial.

139. 
     Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var.
     

(Panicum ensifolium Baldwin 1817).

(Small-leaved Panic-grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Borders of cranberry bogs, s. N.J., low pine lands southw." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Heritage Rating: C (State declining)(As P. ensifolium).

Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (As P. ensifolium; Sipple & Klockner 1984).

140. Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & Clark B&B.102

(Panicum latifolium L. 1753).

(Broad-leaved Panic-grass) Native perennial.

141. Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould B&B.95

(Panicum laxiflorum Lam. 1797)

(Panicum xalapense H.B.K. 1816)

Britton & Brown 1913 give P. xalapense as a syn. of P. laxiflorum Lam.; Hitchcock &

Chase 1950 hold them separate.

(Lax-flowered Panic-grass)

Habitat: "Woods" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "D. laxiflorum...moist or dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "D. laxiflorum...A southern species, rare and little known in Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: (As P. laxiflorum) 1988: B1 (Regionally Rare). 1991: Status Uncertain.

Records: Smithsonian property (As P. xalapense; see index to CBC herbarium, 1993).

Herbaria: CBC.

142. Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould B&B.95

(Panicum linearifolium Scribn. 1898). Shr.398

(Low White-haired Panic-grass, Low Panic Grass)

Native perennial.

Habitat: "Dry or stony soils, usually in open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: NE of Bowie, along a dry roadside near pine woods, vic. of Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 8/12/1866, Stieber 82 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US & LCU (As P. linearifolium; Stieber 1971).
ADD: Dichanthelium meridionale

(Matting Rosette-grass)

143. Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & Clark

var. addisonii (Nash) Gould & Clark. B&B.105

(Panicum addisonii Nash)

(Panicum commonsianum Ashe 1898)

(Common's Panic-grass, Low Stiff panic Grass)

144. Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould B&B.98

(Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. 1901)

(Ravenel's Panic-grass) Native perennial.

Watchlist.

145. Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & Clark var. thinum (Hitchcock & Chase)

Gould & Clark B&B.105

(Panicum columbianum Scribn. var. thinum Hitch. & Chase 1908)

(Panicum unciphyllum thinum Hitch. & Chase 1906)

(Panicum columbianum Scribn. 1897) Shr.398

(American Panic-grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "On sand dunes and beaches, and in moist woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 78 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (As P. columbianum; Stieber 1971).

146. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould B&B.100

(Panicum scoparium Lam. 1798)

(Panicum viscidum Ell.)

(Panicum pubescens Lam.) Shr.398

(Velvety Panic Grass, Broom Panic Grass) Tall erect perennial.

147. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var.

(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. var. isophyllum Scribn. 1894)

(Panicum polyanthes Schultes 1824)

(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. 1817, not P. microcarpon Muhl. ex 1816, which is now held

to be D. dichotomum) Shr.397

(Small-fruited Panic-grass) Native perennial. B&B p.100.

148. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. 1817. B&B.87

(Panicum ischaemum Schreb. 1804)

(Smooth Crabgrass, Small Crabgrass)

Low growing annual naturalized from Europe. Leaves glabrous.

Habitat: "In cultivated soil, lawns or waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: A lawn weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A very common weed

throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

149. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 1772. B&B.87

(Panicum sanguinale L. 1753)

[Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Nash Shr.397

(Crabgrass)

Spreading blue-green annual weed naturalized from Europe. Leaves hairy.

150. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene 1887. Shr.402, B&B.175

(Uniola spicata L. 1753)

(Marsh Spike-grass, Alkali-grass) Native erect perennial.

151. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. B&B.55

(Panicum crus-galli L. 1753 Shr.397

Coarse, sprawling, purple-tinged annual introduced from Europe.

152. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm. 1838. B&B.85

(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. mite Pursh 1814)

(Barnyard Grass)

153. Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fernald B&B.85

(Echinochloa pungens Rydb. 1931]

(Panicum pungens Poir. 1816)

(Barnyard Grass) Coarse native annual.

Habitat: "Wet soils and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984). Rich wet soil.

Frequency: "Variable and common" (Stieber 1971). "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, tufted in sand 8/6/1966, Stieber 89 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a dried pond 9/2/1966, Stieber 90 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent at cornfield margins and near hog pond at source of Cheston Creek, Higman 174, 255 (CBC) (As E. pungens; Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (As E. pungens; Stieber 1971).

154. Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Nash 1901. B&B.85

(Panicum walteri Pursh 1814) Shr.397

(Salt-marsh Cockspur-grass) Native annual.

155. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1788. Shr.402, B&B.182

(Cynosurus indicus L. 1753)

(Wiregrass, Yardgrass, Goose Grass)

Ascending to prostrate dark-green annual forming a wiry, tough rosette. Common weed naturalized from the Old World.

Habitat: Moist, rich soil. Open cultivated areas. "Fields, dooryards, and waste places" (Britton 1901). Lawns, gardens, crevices, waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Among the most despised of all lawn and garden weeds" (Fogg 1956).

Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy-clay 8/8/1966, Stieber 62 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, solitary in rubble at building area (site now destroyed); Ivy Neck, infrequent near hog pond at source of Cheston Creek" Higman 499, 1001 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

156. Elymus villosus Muhl. 1809 B&B.194

(Wild Rye) Slender ascending perennial.

Habitat: "Rocky woods and banks" (Gray 1867). "Moist or dry woods or shaded slopes" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).

Records: "Abundant at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in moderately moist, shaded sites; Java Farm, on hilltop with old house, adjacent Howat farm; Ivy Neck, infrequent by streams" Higman 831, 850, 865, 871 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

157. Elymus virginicus L. 1753. Shr.404, B&B.194

(Terrell Grass, Virginia Wild Rye) Native perennial.

Habitat: "River-banks" (Gray 1867). "Moist forests and flood plains"

(Shreve et al 1910). "In moist soil, especially along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).

158. Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 1829. B&B.170

(Poa hirsuta Michx. 1803)

(Stout Love-grass) Native perennial.

159. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees B&B.172

(Poa pectinacea Michx.)

(Lovegrass, Pinkgrass)

160. Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. 1840. B&B.170

(Poa spectabilis Pursh 1814)

(Purple Lovegrass, Tumble Grass)

Tough-rooted native perennial. "The entire plant turns a bright reddish-purple when mature. Fields solidly occupied...are a conspicuous and attractive feature of the autumn landscape" (Fogg 1956).

Habitat: "Open sandy areas" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956). "Common throughout, except Mountain Zone, more abundant on sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, open sandy area, purplish 9/2//1966, Stieber 35 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant to infrequent along Fox Point Road, Higman 26, 365 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Tar Cove Golf Course (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

161. Festuca elatior L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.156

(Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue)

Perennial naturalized from Europe.

162. Festuca myuros L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.157

[Vulpia myuros (L.) K. Gmel. 1805]

(Rat-tail Fescue) Annual naturalized from Europe.

163. Festuca octoflora Walt. 1788. Shr.403, B&B.157

Maryland plants belong to var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald (See Brown & Brown 1984).

(Fescue)

164. Festuca paradoxa Desv. 1831. B&B.157

(Fescue) Perennial.

Habitat: "Prairies, low open ground and thickets" (Hitchcock & Chase

1950). "Open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

165. Festuca rubra L. 1753. B&B.157

(Red Fescue, Fine Fescue)

Tufted, fine-bladed native perennial. Cultivars used as an excellent shady lawn grass.

166. Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. 1831. B&B.161

[Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze. 1891]

(Briza canadensis Michx. 1803)

(Rattlesnake Grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Bogs and wet places" (Gray 1867). "Wet soils of bogs, meadows, and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Swamps, marshes, and wet woods.

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

167. Glyceria canadensis var. laxa (Scribn.) Hitchc. 1934.

(Glyceria laxa Scribn. 1894) B&B.161

(Panicularia laxa Scribn. 1894)

(Manna Grass)

Habitat: "Bogs, swamps, and wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: Infrequent on the Coastal Plain; in D.C. area, Midland, and Mountain Zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Magothy River, bank of a stream 7/2/90, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1967).

168. Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. 1831. B&B.161

[Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.) Kuntze. 1891] Shr.403

(Poa obtusa Muhl. 1817)

(Blunt Manna-grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Bogs" (Gray 1867). "Shallow water and wet, sandy or peaty soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: North county (Plitt 7/19/1899). Dorr's Corner, marsh along the Severn R. at a Lygodium station 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cove of Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993, p.321). Savanna of Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/90, Longbottom 952 (AACC). Shore of Litz Lake at Lakeland Road 7/20/90, Longbottom 886 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993, p.439).

Sightings: Cattail Creek, beside pond above Ritchie Highway (Longbottom pc 1991).

Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

169. Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. 1906. B&B.161

(Floating Mannagrass, Sweet Grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Shallow water or wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: "Moist, grazed woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in shaded pasture at head of Cheston Creek, Higman 735 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

170. Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. 1928. B&B.163

(Poa striata Lam. 1791)

[Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.403

(Glyceria nervata Trin.)

(Poa nervata Willd. 1797)

(Fowl Meadow Grass, Nerved Mannagrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Moist meadows" (Gray 1867). "In wet places" (Britton 1901). "Moist meadows and wet places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). Open swamps and marshes.

Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Hill's Bridge at Wayson's Corner, floodbank of Patuxent R. 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3 s. of Rt. 424, in a low pond-like area with Scirpus, Carex, Juncus, & Typha 6/20/66, Stieber 29 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in moist woods and stream valleys, esp. in pasture at head of Cheston Creek (Ivy Neck) and beside Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road (Java Farm), Higman 180, 730 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978.

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

171. Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Shr.401, B&B.137

(Velvetgrass, Meadow or Wooly Soft-grass)

Perennial naturalized from Europe. Soft gray pubescence throughout.

172. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Shr.404, B&B.192

(Little Barley) Native annual, 5-15 inches high..

Habitat: "It prefers dry soil" (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides, etc. in sandy soils" (Stieber 1971). "Beaches and salt meadows on the Coastal Plain; also in dry, sterile soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "An occasional weed" (Fogg 1956). "Frequent, on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, common along the roadside, sandy-clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 49 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary by tractor trail on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 697 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

173. Hystrix patula Moench 1794. B&B.196

[Hystrix hystrix (L.) Millsp. 1892] Shr.404

(Gymnostichum hystrix Schreb.)

(Elymus hystrix L. 1762)

(Bottle-brush Grass) Tall native perennial.

174. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz 1788. B&B.115

[Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. 1776] Shr.399

(Phalaris oryzoides L. 1753)

(Rice-cutgrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "In swamps, marshes and open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Java Farm, solitary in fresh part of Fox Creek marsh, Higman 246 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Fresh water of Fox Creek marsh" (Stieber 1971). Nine county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Marsh at Severn Run 6/19/1982 (Sipple 1993, p.61). Severn Run below Rt. 3, 9/18/1983 (Sipple 1993, p.149). Cypress Creek Savanna, Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993, p.320). Marsh, head of Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993, p. 322). Marley Creek Swamp, below Rt. 100, 9/30/1990, Longbottom 1294 (AACC).

Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

175. Leersia virginica Willd. 1797. B&B.115

[Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton 1889] Shr.399

(Asprella virginica R & S 1817)

(Virginia Cutgrass, Whitegrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Wet woods" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet thickets" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Magothy River swamp, in a thicket 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent along shaded streams, e.g., Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road, and along Fox Creek ditch; also solitary in old field" Higman 141, 188, 326 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

176. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray B&B.182

(Festuca fascicularis Lam.)

(Long-awned Diplachne, Feather Grass) Annual.

177. Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase B&B.87

(Panicum cognatum Schultes 1824)

(Fall Witchgrass, Diffuse Crabgrass) Native perennial.

178. Lolium multiflorum Lam. 1778. B&B.188

(Annual Ryegrass, Awned Ryegrass, Italian Ryegrass)

Tufted, apple-green annual. Naturalized from Europe.

179. Lolium perenne L. 1753. Shr.404, B&B.188

(Perennial Ryegrass, Common Darnel)

Dark green tufted perennial naturalized from Europe.

180. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus.

[Eulalia viminea (Trin) Ktze.] B&B.73

"Straggling annual...native of tropical Asia" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).

(Gleason & Cronquist 1991). "Occasionally abundant. Reported for Harford County" (Brown & Brown 1984).

181. Miscanthus sinensis Anders. B&B.73

(Japanese Silver Grass)

Tall (6-8 ft.) introduced perennial ornamental. Also called pampas grass, which is a separate species, Cortaderia selloana.

182. Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel. 1791. B&B.125

(Nimblewill, Drop-seed, Wire-grass)

Slender decumbent or prostrate native blue-green perennial.

183. Muhlenbergia schreberi var. palustris Scribn. 1907. B&B.125

Native perennial.

Habitat: "Swampy ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

County Occurrence: "Reported from...Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).

PANICUM: Many species once listed in the genus Panicum are now considered within Dichanthelium, and may be found under that genus.

These include: P. barbulatum, P. boscii, P. clandestinum, P. columbianum,

184. Panicum agrostoides Spreng. 1815. B&B.110

(Red-top Panic-grass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Wet meadows and shores" (Gray 1867). "Sandy or peaty shores and meadows" (Stieber 1971).

Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist soil 9/23/1966, Stieber 73 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1993).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

185. Panicum amarum Ell. 1817. Shr.398, B&B.113

(Smaller Sea-beach Grass, Seabeach Panicum) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Sandy seashores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Frequency: "Common on shores and dunes along the coast" (Brown & Brown 1984).

County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County" (Shreve et al 1910, p.398).

Records: Turkey Point (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.187). Sandy Point Park, sandy beach 9/14/1966, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

186. Panicum anceps Michx. 1803. B&B.110

(Beaked Panicgrass, Flat-stemmed Panicgrass)

Native perennial.

187. Panicum capillare L. 1753. Shr.398, B&B.108

(Old Witch-grass)

Coarse, tufted, soft-hairy native annual. 1-2 feet high.

188. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 1803. B&B.108

(Fall Panic-grass, Fall Panicum, Spreading Witch-grass)

Smooth-leaved, much-branching native annual.

189. Panicum lucidum Ashe 1898. B&B: Not listed.

(Bog Panic-grass) Native. See Britton & Brown 1913, p.149.

Habitat: "Wet woods and sphagnum swamps" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).

Records: NE of Bowie, lane through a swampy woods, Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., along wooded trail to fresh pond, oak-pine woods 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

190. Panicum verrucosum Muhl. 1817. Shr.399, B&B.108

(Warty Panic-grass) Native annual.

Habitat: "Sandy swamps" (Gray 1867). "Moist sandy soil" (Stieber 1971). "Moist woods or sandy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy soil, moist 9/23/1966, Stieber 88 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

191. Panicum virgatum L. 1753. Shr.398, B&B.110

(Switch-grass) Native.

Habitat: "Moist sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "Most abundant along the inner edges of fresh and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Eight county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Old field at Chartridge 11/14/1982 (Sipple 1993, p.79). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Brackish marsh at Rhode River 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993, p.244). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993, p.431). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

Sightings: Cattail Creek, Maynadier Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).

192. Panicum virgatum L. var. spissum Linder 1922. B&B.110

Native.

Records: "In saltmarshes at Ivy Neck and Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).

"Throughout CBC, infrequent to abundant in tidal marshes, often dominant in stands near upland margins" Higman 89, 344 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

193. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. 1803. Shr.397. B&B: unlisted.

(Ciliate-leaved Paspalum)

Much branching native perennial.

(Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "A weed...rather common from Maryland southward" (Jaques 1959).

1991).

194. Paspalum floridanum Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91

(Florida Paspalum) Tall native perennial.

Habitat: "Low ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Frequency: "Plants typical of the species are infrequent in Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Manresa, sandy shores of the Severn 8/8/1966, 10/3/1966, Stieber 71 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

195. Paspalum floridanum var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey B&B.91

(Florida Paspalum) Tall native perennial.

Habitat: "In sandy soils and fresh or brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent near the coast" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Java Farm, solitary on Fox Point Road, also in Hog Island tidal marsh, Higman 18, 299 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC.

196. Paspalum laeve Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91

(Field Paspalum) Coarse yellow-green native perennial.

Habitat: "In moist fields" (Britton 1901). "Sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist soil, in open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Infrequent, a south-facing slope, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, solitary on south slope above Phalaris meadow (probably now smothered by woody vines)" Higman 165 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971)

197. Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. B&B.91

(Paspalum)

Habitat: "Moist or wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

County Occurrence: "reported from Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).

198. Paspalum setaceum Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91

(Slender Paspalum) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "In dry fields" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy soil, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Mostly coastal; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy roadside area 7/1/1966, Stieber 72 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in yard of burned house on Springhouse Road, Higman 386 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

199. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.117

(Reed Canary-grass)

Coarse native perennial spreading by thick rhizomes.

200. Phleum pratense L. 1753. Shr.400, B&B.129

(Common Timothy)

Coarse bluish-green perennial from Europe, cultivated for hay, and naturalized.

201. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel B&B.180

[Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. 1880-83] Shr.402

(Phragmites communis Trin. 1820)

(Arundo phragmites L. 1753)

Brown & Brown 1984 state "Our population is var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fern.".

(Common Reed) Tall perennial. Usually considered native.

Habitat: "Fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Fresh to brackish wet areas along Coastal Plain rivers.

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). South R. at Rt. 50, dense colonies along the river bank 6/11/1966 Stieber 38 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 1 m. high colony near Severn R. shore 9/9/1966, Stieber 39 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Throughout CBC; locally abundant in tidal marshes, as pure stands, esp. in Corn Island marsh" Higman 441 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Nineteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason, Longbottom, Swarth 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Cypress Creek Savanna, and lower end Angels Bog 6/10/92 (Sipple 1993, pp.440, 453).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

202. Poa annua L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164

(Annual Bluegrass, Low Spear-grass)

Low (ht. 3"-6") spreading annual or winter annual naturalized from Europe.

203. Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Elliott 1816. B&B.164

(Poa flexuosa Muhl.)

(Autumn Bluegrass, Meadow Grass, Flexuous Spear-grass)

Native perennial. Ht. 1-3 ft.

Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867). "Rich woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Infrequent in the Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "One station in a mature forest at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in mature hardwood forest near old entrance road, Higman 678 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

204. Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 1894. B&B: No stations - see p.166

(Chapman's Spear-grass, Meadowgrass) Low native annual.

Habitat: "Dry soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Rare in Delaware and Virginia; not reported from Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Deleted from list.

Records: (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, solitary in broken pavement at building area, with P. annua above; Ivy Neck, solitary at edge of cornfield on Scaffold Peninsula" Higman 587, 822 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "At the border of a cornfield and in broken pavement at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

205. Poa compressa L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164

(Canada Bluegrass, Flat-stemmed Meadow-grass, Wire-grass, English Bluegrass)

Tough, low, wiry blue-green perennial naturalized from Europe.

206. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. B&B.166

(Wood Bluegrass) Perennial naturalized from Europe and Asia.

Habitat: "Meadows and open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open sands and shores" (Stieber 1971). "Moist soils, meadows and woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Manresa, near the Severn R. in moist sand 6/1/1966, Stieber 30 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

207. Poa palustris L. 1759. B&B.164

(Fowl Bluegrass, Fowl-meadow Grass)

Tough, wiry perennial spreading by short rhizomes.

208. Poa pratensis L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164

(Kentucky Bluegrass, Common Meadow-grass)

Native dark green perennial creeping by rhizomes. Improved cultivars used as an excellent sod.

209. Poa sylvestris A. Gray 1848. B&B.164

(Sylvan Spear-grass, Meadow Grass, Sylvan Bluegrass)

Native perennial.

(Stieber 1971).

210. Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. & Zucc.) Makino B&B.23

(Japanese Cane, Bamboo)

This is a very tentative identification of local plantings of "bamboo" which have spread vegetatively. Plants may be Phyllostachys aurea Riv., or some other species. Height about 20 feet.

watershed (R. R. r/w at Old County Road, also roadside below Baugh mansion). Kinder Park, near pond 5/14/88. Lowland behind Ginger Cove retirement village 1991. Near pond off Rt. 50 near Rt. 424. Ferry Farms. Chase Creek watershed: Ruckers ravine, spreading from neighbor Aug 1999.

211. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clausen B&B.159

[Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin.]

[Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze]

(Pale Mannagrass) Annual herb.

212. Secale cereale L. 1753. B&B.192

(Rye) Winter annual. Common cover crop, may escape from cultivation, not persistent.

Habitat: Fields, barnyards, roadsides.

Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, near a plowed field, sandy-loam 5/21/1966, Stieber 47 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a field, sandy-clay, moist & drained area 7/27/1966, Stieber 48 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

213. Setaria faberii Herrm. 1910. B&B.83

(Faber's Bristlegrass, Faber's Foxtail)

Annual introduced from China. Upper leaf-surface hairy.

214. Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81

(Panicum geniculatum Lam. 1798)

(Perennial Foxtail, Knotroot Bristlegrass) Native perennial.

215. Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81

[Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes]

(Panicum glaucum L. 1753)

[Ixophorus glaucus (L.) Nash] Shr.399

[Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn.]

Apparently synonymous with Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F. T. Hubbard 1916. See Hitchcock

1950, p. 952.

(Yellow Bristlegrass, Yellow Foxtail)

Coarse tufted annual naturalized from Europe. Leaf-sheaths keeled, blades essentially smooth, but very fine long hairs are seen near the stem with good magnification. 5 or more (often 8) somewhat yellow bristles per spikelet. Barbs on bristles point upward.

216. Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81

(Panicum italicum L. 1753)

[Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. 1897]

[Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash 1895 Shr.399

(Foxtail, Italian, German or Hungarian Millet)

Annual. Introduced from Europe.

Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Escaped to roadsides and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...often escapes from cultivation" (Jaques 1959).

Records: Vicinity St. James Church, near a fallow field, sandy clay 8/12/1966, Stieber 96 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).

217. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash 1903. B&B.79

(Andropogon nutans L. 1753)

(Indian Grass, Wood-grass) Tall native perennial.

218. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 1805. B&B.79

(Holcus halepensis L. 1753)

(Johnson Grass) Very tall coarse aggressive perennial weed spreading by stolons and rhizomes. Native of Europe and Asia.

219. Spartina alternifolia Loisel. 1807. B&B.186

[Spartina stricta var. maritima (Walt.) Scribn. Shr.401

(Dactylis maritima Walt.)

(Saltmarsh Cordgrass, Smooth Cordgrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes, often forming extensive pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Salt and brackish marshes and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Yantz Cove on Severn River 7/30/71 (Sipple 1993, p.6). Duvall Creek, off South River 8/25/1971 (Sipple 1993, p.7). "Salt marshes and estuaries of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Shorelines at CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in saltier parts of tidal marshes and on beaches, Higman 115, 285 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 37 county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

Sightings: Main Creek near Maywood Avenue, Mouth of Blackhole Creek,

Maynedier Creek, Brewer Creek, Weems Creek, Cattail Creek, Mill Creek of Magothy River, Fork Creek of Magothy River, Tar Cove of Rock Creek, Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek, Ross Cove of Magothy River (Longbottom pc 1991).

220. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth. 1806. B&B.186

[Spartina polystachya (L.) Ell. 1817] Shr.401

(Dactylis cynosuroides L. 1753)

(Salt Reedgrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Characteristic of brackish and salt marshes, often occurring in pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Salt marshes, often in water" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Natural creek berm of Muddy Creek 8/13/1971 (Sipple 1993, P.7). "Salt marshes and estuaries of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Shorelines at CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant along fringes of tidal marshes, Higman 59 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Sixteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Brackish marshes of Brewer Pond on Severn River 4/16/1983 (Sipple 1993, p.96). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).

Sightings: Tar Cove of Rock Creek, Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek, Fork Creek of Magothy River, Maynadier Creek, Brewer Creek (Longbottom pc 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

221. Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. 1817. Shr.401, B&B.186

(Dactylis patens Ait. 1789)

(Salt-meadow Grass, Salt Meadow-grass) Native perennial.

222. Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. 1906. B&B.139

[Sphenopholis nitida (Spreng.) Scribn. 1906]

[Eatonia nitida (Spreng.) Nash 1895] Shr.402

(Aira nitida Bieler 1807)

(Aira nitida Spreng. 1807)

(Slender Eaton's-grass, Wedgegrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "In dry forests and fields" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich or dry, rocky woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Dry or moist woods and hillsides.

Records: Java Farm, solitary beside Old Muddy Creek Road near entrance gate, Higman 643 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station along a roadside at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

223. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. 1906. B&B.139

(Aira obtusata Michx. 1803)

(Prairie Wedgegrass) Perennial.

224. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth B&B.131

(Long-leaved Rushgrass) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly rare.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

225. Triodia flava (L.) Smyth 1913. B&B.178

[Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. 1906]

(Poa flava L. 1753)

(Tall Red-top, Purple-top) Tall native perennial.

Habitat: "In fields, waste ground and gardens" (Jaques 1959). Fields, roadsides, and edges of woods (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: Garden weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 7/21/1966, Stieber 42 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 4.5 dm. tall, along roadsides 9/9/1966, Stieber 40 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity St. James Church, along roadside with other grasses 9/16/1966, Stieber 43 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in old field north of Fox Point Road near Pinus virginiana stand, Higman 363 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Forge Bridge, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Tar Cove Golf Course (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

226. Triodia flava forma cuprea (Jacq.) Fosberg. B&B: unlisted.

(Fall Redtop)

Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, solitary in broken pavement at building area, Higman 13, 226, 341 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC.

227. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. 1759. Shr.396, B&B.71

(Coix dactyloides L. 1753)

(Eastern Gama-grass) Tall native perennial.

228. Triticum aestivum L. 1753. B&B.190

(Wheat) Annual.

Habitat: "Along roadsides, etc., escaped from cultivation" (Stieber

1971). Common field-crop, not persistent.

229. Uniola laxa (L.) B.S.P. 1888. Shr.402, B&B.175

(Uniola gracilis Michx.)

(Holcus laxus L. 1753)

(Slender Spikegrass) Native perennial.

Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist woods, fields, and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Patuxent Community Pond, in a moist field, sandy 9/23/1966, Stieber 36 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island tidal marsh, near Panicum virgatum stand, Higman 342, 452 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beverly-Triton Beach, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Jacobsville Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).

Sightings: Area near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991). Woods just above head of tidewater, Marley Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

230. Zea mays L. 1753. B&B.73

(Corn, Indian Corn, Maize) Tall annual grass.

Habitat: Common field-crop, may escape from cultivation, not persistent. Fields, barnyards, roadsides.

Records: Cultivated near St. James Church 8/12/1966, Stieber 106 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

231. Zizania aquatica L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.115

(Annual Wildrice, Wild Rice, Water Oats)

Tall native annual emergent aquatic.