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25. Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)
232. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke B&B.218

(Threadleaf Beakseed) Annual.

Habitat: Dry open sandy soil.

Records: Odenton 7/10/1918, W. L. McAtee (US) (Stieber 1967). NE of Bowie, in a gravel pit near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). A. A. Co., 12 mi. N. Upper Marlboro 9/12/1964, R. Kral 22662 (GH). Rt. 3, S. of Rt 424, sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 112 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Infrequent in Long Point tidal marsh at mouth of Selby Bay, South River, with Lythrum lineare; not yet collected" (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park 9/9/90, Longbottom 1210 (AACC).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). GH. AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

233. Carex abscondita Mackenzie 1910. B&B.281

(Carex ptychocarpa Steud. 1799)

(Thicket Sedge)

Habitat: "Low woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913).

Frequency: "Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Anne Arundel Co., Mill Race Road, Plot 2785, Pat. Res. Refuge 6/1/1945, F. J. Hermann 11437" (GH).

Herbaria: GH.

234. Carex aggregata Mackenzie 1910 B&B.254

(Carex agglomerata Mackenzie 1903)

(Glomerate Sedge) Herb.

Habitat: "Rich soils of woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Prince George's County and D. C." (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated. 1994: SH, X (Endangered Extirpated).

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Mathews 1987.

Records: "Anne Arundel County, Duval Br. Plot 5560, Pat. Res. Ref.

6/8/1945, F. J. Hermann 11470" (GH).

Herbaria: GH.

235. Carex albolutescens Schwein. 1824. Shr.412, B&B.263

(Greenish-white Sedge) Native herb.

Habitat: "In fresh and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Swamps and bogs.

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in a moist woods 5/25/1958, E. C. Leonard & F. J. Hermann (US) (Stieber 1967). "Moist woods along Patuxent River" (Stieber 1971). Two county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog 6/10/1992 & 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

236. Carex amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. B&B.278

(Carex grisea Wahl.)

Habitat: "Woods and fields" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963). "Rich woods, bottomlands and meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Floodplain of Patuxent River at Fort Meade 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993). It is possible that this site was in A.A.Co.
237. Carex argyrantha Tuckerm. B&B.265

(Hay Sedge)

Habitat: "Dry woods or open areas with rocky or sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining) 1991: Watchlist.

Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

238. Carex atlantica Bailey 1893 Shr.412, B&B.258

(Eastern Sedge)

Habitat: "In bogs and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: "Anne Arundel, Patuxent 6/4/1905, J. H. Painter 1391 (GH). Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma (see Sipple 1999, p.378).

Herbaria: GH.

239. Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. 1825. B&B.272

(Carex littoralis Schwein. 1814).

(Barratt's Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Wet woods and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Swamps in pine woods.

Heritage Rating: 1988: A3 (Nationally rare). 1991: Endangered in Maryland. Federal: Not threatened. 1994: S2 (State Rare), Threatened.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

Records: Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma, 1984 (see Sipple 1999, p.379).

240. Carex blanda Dewey 1826. B&B.283

(Woodland Sedge) Native herb.

Habitat: "Dry to moist woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: " Moist wooded banks of creeks at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road; Ivy Neck, solitary on shaded east bank of Scaffold Creek estuary, Higman 546, 786 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

241. Carex bullata Schkuhr 1805. Shr.409, B&B.292

[Carex bullata var. greenii (Schkuhr) Fernald 1906].

(Carex greenii Boeck. 1858)

(Carex olneyi Boott 1858)

(Button Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swales and wet meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In wet forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Swamps and bogs (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Now rare.

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994: S1 (State Rare), Threatened.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

Records: Arden Bog (see Sipple 1999, p.382).

242. Carex canescens L. 1753. B&B.256

(Silvery Sedge, Hoary Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In acid soil or bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Garrett County; also frequent on the Coastal Plain"

(Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Near Round Bay, in Cypress Creek 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Blackhole Creek Bog 1984 by Broersma (see Sipple 1999, p.379). Angels Bog 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Robinson Road Pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

243. Carex cephalophora Muhl. 1805. B&B.251

(Oval-headed Sedge, Woodbank Sedge)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry woods and knolls" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "One station on bank of Muddy Creek at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, above old entrance road, Higman 1096 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

244. Carex collinsii Nutt. B&B.287

(Collins' Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Sphagnum bogs and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

County Occurrence: One Anne Arundel station, noted in 1929 (Broome et

al Dec. 1979).

245. Carex comosa Boott. Shr.409

Habitat: "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).

246. Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. 1836 B&B.274

(Flattened Sedge, Hirsute Sedge)

Habitat: "In woods, fields and swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Dry woods and fields" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).

Frequency: " Coastal and Piedmont; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1993).
247. Carex convoluta Mack. B&B.251

(Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "One station at Java Farm, moist forest" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in mature hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, near old entrance road, Higman 1098 (CBC) (Higman 1977.)

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

248. Carex crinita Lam. 1789. Shr.410, B&B.269

(Fringed Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swales and damp thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp thickets and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "One station at Java Farm, moist woods" (Stieber 1971).

Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 729 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); site may be in A.A.Co. Marley Creek Swamp below Rt. 100 7/7/90, Longbottom 825 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

249. Carex debilis Michx. 1803. B&B.276

(White-edged Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Woods and copses" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Low woods, thickets and swamps" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Midland and Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Magothy R. in oak-pine woods at the swampy head of the R. 7/2/60, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

250. Carex digitalis Willd. 1805. B&B.281

(Slender Wood Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dryish woods and glades" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Rich, dry woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Infrequent; Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Low, mossy bluffs at Muddy Creek of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent on low mossy bluffs at head of valley below Fox Point Road, under mature hardwood canopy (now in study area #2)" Higman 1129 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

251. Carex emmonsii Dewey 1836. B&B.267

(Emmon's Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Found with C. digitalis" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent associate of C. digitalis above" Higman 614, 615 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

252. Carex exilis Dewey 1828. B&B.258

(Coast Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: Highly State Rare, Endangered.

Records: Cypress Creek, tributary of Magothy R., 30 June 1960, Benedict 6407 (US); boggy margin of Fresh Pond, ca. 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., 25 April 1961 Uhler et al. s.n. (US); (See Riefner & Hill 1983). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).

Herbaria: US.

253. Carex folliculata L. 1753. Shr.409, B&B.289

(Long Sedge) Native herb.

Habitat: "Wet woods, meadows and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Magothy R., along a clear stream flowing through woody swamp 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

254. Carex frankii Kunth 1837. Shr.409, B&B.285

(Frank's Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Frequency: "Common in Allegany and Garrett Counties; also found in the W-B area and reported from Worcester County" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Woods and roadsides at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary by old entrance road near Springhouse Road; Ivy Neck, infrequent at forest margin near Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 797, 859, 1020 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

255. Carex gracillima Schwein. 1824 B&B.276

(Graceful Sedge)

Fertile spikes nodding or pendulous, linear, slender.

Habitat: "Wet meadows" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods and meadows" (Britton 1901).

Frequency: "Frequent in Midland and Garrett county; rare on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
256. Carex howei Mackenzie 1910. B&B.258

(Howe's Sedge) Native herb.

Habitat: "Mossy swamps, thickets and woods" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: Infrequent on Coastal Plain and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Magothy R. head, along a clear stream 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

257. Carex hyalinolepsis Steud. B&B.285

(Shoreline Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and shallow water" (Brown & Brown 1984)

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Threatened.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

258. Carex incomperta Bicknell 1909 B&B.258

(Prickly Bog Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In boggy places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Swamps, wet woods, damp peats" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Frequent on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Patuxent R., in open marshes 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

259. Carex interior Bailey 1893. B&B.258

(Carex scirpoides Schkuhr)

(Inland Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Damp or wet soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Damp to wet soils, often calcareous" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Baltimore County and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Round Bay, Cypress Creek 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

260. Carex intumescens Rudge 1804. Shr.409, B&B.289

(Bladder Sedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps, meadows, and alluvial woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes, swamps and wet woods" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Magothy R., bank of a clear stream flowing through a swampy thicket 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, at the edge of the pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 119 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); site may be in A.A.Co. Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

261. Carex laevivaginata (Kukenth.) MacKenzie B&B.256

(Sedge)

Habitat: "Wet, wooded areas and river swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Wet woods" (Gleason & cronquist 1991).

Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1993).
262. Carex louisianica Bailey 1893 B&B.289

(Carex eggertii Bailey 1896)

(Carex halei Carey 1846)

(Louisiana Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Wet woods and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Endangered.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

263. Carex lupulina Muhl 1805 Shr.409, B&B.289

(Hop Sedge)

Habitat: "Wet grounds" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and ditches" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and wet forests" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
264. Carex lurida Wahlenb. 1803. Shr.409, B&B.287

(Sallow Sedge, Lurid Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Manresa, in a swamp & wet woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 120 LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in fresh moist areas (e.g., along tributaries of Muddy Creek); Ivy Neck, infrequent in tidal marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary; Higman 399, 738, 986 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984, Whigham 1981). Severn Run, below Rt. 3, 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co. Kinder Park near pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits, Marley Creek Swamp, Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

265. Carex muhlenbergii Schk. 1805. Shr.412, B&B.251

(Carex muhlenbergii var. enervis Boott. 1862)

(Muhlenberg's Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In dry fields and on hills" (Britton & Brown 1913).

Records: Patuxent 6/7/1905, Jos. H. Painter 1397 (As var. enervis; GH). NE of Bowie, roadside (another on the border of a swamp) both near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of Magothy R., swampy area 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US)

(Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road (before resurfacing)" Higman 623, 1094 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. GH. US (Stieber 1971).

266. Carex pensylvanica Lam. Shr.411, B&B.265

(Pennsylvania Sedge)

Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry or sandy soil, open or rocky woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Piedmont and Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

267. Carex prasina Wahl. Shr.410

Habitat: "In moist forests and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).

268. Carex rosea Schk. 1805 Shr.412, B&B.251

(Stellate Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Infrequent at shaded areas of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road under mature hardwood canopy, and in small depression of south slope above Fox Creek tidal marsh, Higman 676, 765 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

269. Carex scoparia Schk. 1805. Shr.412, B&B.261

(Pointed Broom Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Low ground or even dry open soil, rarely in woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist sandy beaches and river banks" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Between Stony Run and Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/9/1899). Herald Harbor beach 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). NE of Bowie by Lemon's Bridge, on Patuxent R. 7/4/1928, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary at marshy north end of old field (now recultivated) on Scaffold Peninsula near Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 879 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

270. Carex seorsa E. C. Howe 1894 B&B.261

(Carex rosaeoides E. C. Howe 1894)

(Weak Stellate Sedge, Howe's Sedge)

Habitat: "In wet woods and swamps (Britton 1905, p.1056). "In swampy woodlands" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet woods and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1993).
271. Carex squarrosa L. 1753. Shr.409, B&B.285

(Squarrose Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and wet woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Also bogs and meadows.

Records: Patuxent, Md. 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on shaded west bank of upper Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 744 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

272. Carex stipata Muhl. Shr.411

Habitat:

Frequency: Noted from Great Falls (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).

273. Carex straminea Willd. 1801. B&B.265

(Carex festucacea Schk.)

(Straw Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Meadows, dry banks, or open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Fresh swamps and wet meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Garrett County; frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: NE of Bowie at Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
274. Carex striata Michx. 1803 var. brevis Bailey 1889 B&B: Not listed.

(Carex walteriana Bailey 1893)

(Walter's Sedge)

Habitat: "In pine-barren bogs" (Britton 1901).

Frequency: "C. walteriana...southern N.J. to Fla." (Britton 1901) "...s.e. Mass. southw., local" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Records: Smithsonian property (As C. walteriana; see index to CBC herbarium, 1993).

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993)
275. Carex stricta Lam.

Habitat: "Swamps, moist fields and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984)

Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984)

Records: Severn Run below Rt. 3: 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Severn Run 6/14/1992 (Sipple 1993).

276. Carex swanii (Fernald) Mackenzie 1910. B&B.274

(Carex virescens var. swanii Fernald 1906)

(Swan's Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Woods, thickets and clearings" (Stieber 1971). "Moist to wet fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: NE on Bowie on an old log in a swamp 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R., open woods 5/25/1956, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of Magothy R., upper slope of the n. side of a valley 7/2/1966, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US)(Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond 7/1/1966, Stieber s.n. (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in mature mixed hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, esp. near roads, Higman 698, 712, 987 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

277. Carex tonsa (Fernald) Bicknell 1908 B&B.267

(Carex umbellata Schk. var. tonsa Fernald 1902)

(Shaved Sedge, Deep-green Sedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare. 1994: (Highly State Rare).

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

278. Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. 1803. Shr.412, B&B.261

(Blunt Broom Sedge, Bristlebract Sedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swales and rich open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Moist woods and roadsides at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary by Fox Point Road; Ivy Neck, Solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 733, 893 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
279. Carex trisperma Dew.

(Three-fruited Sedge)

Habitat: "Swampy woods and bogs at high elevations" (Brown & Brown 1984)

Frequency: "Garrett County; rare on the Eastern Shore, no collection since 1888" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.
280. Carex typhina Michx. 1803. B&B.285

(Cattail Sedge) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Moist to wet woods, swamps and bottomlands, often in calcareous soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare).

Records: Patuxent, Md., in a shady swamp 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US)

(Stieber 1967). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
281. Carex vesicaria

(Inflated Sedge)

Heritage Rating:

Records: Blackhole Creek Bog (Sipple 1999, p.378). Also known from one other A.A.Co. site (Sipple 1999)

282. Carex vestita Willd. 1805. Shr.409, B&B.272

(Velvety Sedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "In sandy soils" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to damp sandy woods" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare) Endangered Extirpated.

Records: Marley, on the Baltimore Short Line 5/1/1906, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

283. Carex virescens Muhl. 1805 Shr.410, B&B.274

(Downy Green Sedge, Ribbed Sedge) Fertile spikes nearly erect.

Habitat: "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common. Garrett County; infrequent in the Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993)
284. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 1803. Shr.412, B&B.254

(Fox Sedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "One station in a moist woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 736 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Severn Run, below Rt. 3, 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Roadside ditch, Ordinance Road between Rts. 2 & 10, 6/24/90, Longbottom 776 (AACC). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
285. Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. 1836. Shr.408, B&B.234

[Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze 1891]

(Schoenus mariscoides Muhl. 1817)

(Twig-rush, Water Bog-rush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Bogs and wet sandy shores, either fresh or brackish" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (state declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 9/26/1950, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Herald Harbor 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Bog, W side of Magothy 9/8/1951, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). In a cypress Bog (Presumably Cypress Creek - see Chaecyparis) 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Angel's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

286. Cyperus brevifolioides Thieret & Delahoussaye

[Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.] B&B.200

(Kyllinga brevifolioides)

(Sedge) Perennial. "Native of e. Asia, casually introduced" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).

Habitat: "Marshes & swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).

287. Cyperus diandrus Torr. 1819. Shr.405, B&B.200

(Low Flatsedge, Low Cyperus) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "In meadows and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet sandy, gravelly, or muddy soil" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Deale, in a weedy building area 9/23/1956, Ralph Cluly & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

288. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. B&B.202

(Red-rooted Cyperus, Red-rooted Galingale)

Annual herb.

Habitat: "Alluvial banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Swamps, wet soils, and sandy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).

289. Cyperus esculentus L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.204

(Yellow Nut-sedge, Chufa)

Native perennial herb. Height 1-2 ft.

Habitat: "Low grounds, along rivers, etc., spreading extensively by its small nut-like tubers, and sometimes becoming a pest in cultivated grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in cultivated fields, gardens and on sandy soil"

(Jaques 1959).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A common weed in farms and gardens" (Fogg 1956).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Edges of ponds, Tawes Garden at State complex.

290. Cyperus filicinus Vahl 1806. B&B.202

(Cyperus nuttalli Eddy 1820) Shr.405

(Nuttall's Cyperus) Native herb.

Habitat: "Brackish and fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Brackish marshes and sands" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Beach of Valentine Creek, off the Severn 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Broad Creek at Porter Point on the South R., in a brackish marsh 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Cape Anne (Churchton), in a sandy field 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at upland margin of Hog Island tidal marsh and on Fox Point Road, Higman 438, 804 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

291. Cyperus filiculmus Vahl 1806. Shr.406, B&B.207

(Slender Cyperus) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "Dry sterile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Sandy fields, hills and roadsides.

Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Herald Harbor, sandy Road 8/17/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy pond 7/1/1966, Stieber s.n. (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

292. Cyperus flavescens L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.200

(Yellow Cyperus, Yellow Galingale) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "In marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).

293. Cyperus globulosus Aubl. 1775. B&B: unlisted.

(Cyperus baldwinii Torr. 1836)

(Cyperus echinatus (Ell.) Wood 1863)

(Umbrella Sedge, Baldwin's Cyperus) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Rich sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry soil, sometimes a weed in cultivated fields" (Britton & Brown 1913).

Frequency: A southern species. "Va. to Fla., west to Mo. & Tex." (Britton & Brown 1913).

Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

294. Cyperus grayii Torr. Shr.406, B&B.207

(Asa Gray's Cyperus, Gray's Galingale) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Barren sands ...near the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

"Strand and dry pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy soil of dunes, beaches and pine woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Coastal; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).

Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

295. Cyperus iria L. 1753. B&B.204

(Yellow Cyperus) Eurasian annual herb.

Habitat: Swamps and muddy places; cultivated ground.

County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).

296. Cyperus lancastriensis Porter Shr.405, B&B.204

(Lancaster's Sedge, Lancaster's Cyperus) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Rich soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist or dry woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Harford & Cecil Counties; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

297. Cyperus odoratus L. B&B.204

(Fragrant Galingale) Annual herb.

Habitat: "Wet soil frequently in brackish areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, damp sand 7/1/1966, Stieber 108 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).

298. Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. 1836. Shr.405, B&B.207

(Pinebarren Cyperus, Globose Cyperus)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In moist and dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Sandy fields, swamps and ditches" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Cape Anne, field 9/26/1948 & 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent on Fox Point Road; Ivy Neck, solitary at marshy north end of old field on Scaffold Peninsula (now recultivated)" Higman 17, 490, 1099 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

299. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald B&B.202

(Cyperus microdontus Torr. 1836)

(Many-spiked Galingale, Coast Cyperus) Annual herb.

Habitat: "Shores, mostly near the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Mucky, sandy shores; tidal mud; wet pine woods.

Records: Pasadena, in muck-sand shore of a farmyard pond 10/31/50, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

300. Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. 1848. Shr.405, B&B.204

(Scirpus retrofractus L. 1753)

(Rough Cyperus) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Sandy or rocky soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Dry sandy soil, drying ponds.

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Rare. 1994: S2 (State Rare).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond with Scirpus & Juncus 8/6/1966, Stieber 109 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

301. Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. B&B.207

(Cylinder Flatsedge) Perennial herb.

Habitat: Dry sandy slopes and barrens. Dry woods.

Records: Herald Harbor, growing on an open slope along the Severn 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

302. Cyperus strigosus L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.204

(Straw-colored Cyperus) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Damp or fertile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In meadows and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and low damp ground" (Jaques 1959). Brackish marshes, and along streams and mucky shores.

Frequency: "One of the commonest species...a weed" (Fogg 1956).

Records: Pasadena, S. 0.5 mi., in mucky-sand shore of a farmyard pond 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). With other sedges in a moist cemetery lot, N. of Ft, Meade near entrance to the Balt.-Wash. Pkwy. 8/6/1966, Stieber 110 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in various unshaded moist or dry habitats (e.g., old Java entrance, upper Muddy Creek & Fox Creek tidal marshes, old fields on Fox Point Road), Higman 97, 124 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Seven county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

303. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton 1894. Shr.406, B&B.209

(Three-way Sedge) Tall native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Wet swamps and borders of ponds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps, marshes, bogs, and around the edges of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: In a marsh at the upper end of a fresh pond along the Patuxent 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Angel's Bog, South Gray's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1283 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/92, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Sighting: Near Blue Lake on Calvin Gray property, Forked Creek of Severn.

Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

304. Eleocharis albida Torr. 1836. Shr.406, B&B.214

(White Spikerush). Native perennial herb.

Habitat: Damp, chiefly brackish soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908) "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

305. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. 1855. Shr.406, B&B.212

(Engelmann's Spikerush) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "In open wet situations, preferring clay soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet sands, peats or muds" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: No locale 6/8/1880, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).

Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

306. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban B&B.212

(Pale Spikerush, Yellow Spikerush) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Peaty or sandy areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare.

County Occurrence: Reported from A. A. Co. by Brown & Brown 1984.

307. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban var. olivacea (Torr.) Gl.

Eleocharis olivacea Shr.406 & B&B.212

Gleason & Cronquist 1991 treat olivacea as a variety, Heritage as a species.

Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Wet sands" (Stieber 1971).

Records: NW of Gibson I., in wet soil and in shallow water of a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

DBT. Eleocharis halophila (L.) Fernald & Brack B&B.214

(Saltmarsh Spikerush) Perennial herb.

Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.

County Occurrence: Doubtful. The 1991 extirpated status of this plant suggests the abundant plants at Java Farm were another species.

Records: "In saltmarshes at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, locally abundant in Hog Island tidal marsh (pure stand), moderately abundant in Typha tidal marsh at forks of Muddy Creek channel, Higman 298, 677 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

308. Eleocharis intermedia (Muhl.) Schultes 1824. B&B.214

(Scirpus intermedius Muhl. 1817)

(Matted Spikerush, Intermediate Spikerush) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "Wet, calcareous soils, pond edges" (Stieber 1971).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Endangered.

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in sandy bottomed pool 8/6/1966, Stieber 111 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck, infrequent near head of Cheston Creek (sunny moist sites)" Higman 298, 677 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).

309. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes 1824. Shr.406, B&B.212

(Scirpus obtusus Willd. 1809)

(Blunt Spikesedge, Blunt Spikerush) Native annual herb.

Habitat: "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Muddy or wet places, especially river swamps" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: South R., in muck between the two upper branches of the River, near Rt. 450 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in tidal marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 741 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). North Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Kinder Park Pond 7/23/1989 (Sipple 1993). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Cattail Creek Pond 7/12/1990 (Sipple 1993). West Pasadena Road gravel pits 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

310. Eleocharis olivacea Torr. 1836. Shr.406, B&B.212

Gleason & Cronquist (1991) consider olivacea a var. of E. flavescens, while Heritage lists it

as a distinct species.

(Bright Green Spikerush, Olive-brown Spikerush)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Wet shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Wet sands and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: Cypress Creek Savanna, Eagle Hill Bog, South Gray's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17351 (GH). Angels Bog 8/7/92 (Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: GH.

311. Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) Link. B&B.214

(Dwarf Spikerush, Small Spikerush) Herb.

Habitat: "Wet saline or brackish shores" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Cape Anne, in a saltmarsh 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ten county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

312. Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes 1824. Shr.406, B&B.216

(Scirpus tenuis Willd. 1809)

(Slender Spikerush, Dog-hair, Kill-cow)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In moist woods, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to wet soils; ponds" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Hillsmere Elementary School (Longbottom, pc 1991).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

313. Eleocharis tortilis Schultes 1824 B&B.216

(Eleocharis simplex A. Dietr. 1833)

(Scirpus tortilis Link 1820)

(Scirpus simplex Ell. 1816)

(Twisted Spikerush). Herb.

Habitat: Wet soil. "Swamps and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Chiefly Coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Rare.

County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.

314. Eriophorum virginicum L. 1753 Shr.408, B&B.227

(Virginia Cotton-grass) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In bogs and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). Peaty meadows.

Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: North county (Plitt 7/19/1899). "Round Bay...at the swamp" C.C.Plitt 7/29/1899; this was at Cypress Creek; see Sipple 1999, p.354. Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).

315. Eriophorum virginicum L. var. album A. Gray 1867 B&B: var. unlisted.

(Cotton-grass) Perennial herb.

Records: Near Magothy River. (Plitt 7/29/1899).

316. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. 1817 Shr.407, B&B.220

(Scirpus autumnalis) L.

(Slender Fimbristylis) Annual herb.

Habitat: "low grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist, sandy to peaty soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: North County tidal inlet (Plitt 8/9/1899).

317. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl 1806. Shr.407, B&B.218

(Scirpus castaneus Michx. 1803)

(Saltmarsh Fimbristylis) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Brackish sands and shores.

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Valentine River beach" 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). "Sherwood Forest, in marsh, on the Severn" 8/16/1930, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978.

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

318. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl 1806 B&B.230

[Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl 1806] Shr.408

(Schoenus albus L. 1753)

(White Beakrush, Pale Beaked Rush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In bogs and wet sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). Sphagnum bogs and peats.

Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining).1991: Watchlist.

Records:

(1) Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). One specimen found 8/13/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.369).

(2) Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom 1006 (AACC).

(3) Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1286 (AACC). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).

(4) South Gray's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).

(5) Round Bay Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom 1016 (AACC).

(6) Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).

Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

319. Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl B&B.232

(Small-headed Beakrush)

Habitat: "Bogs and moist soils" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Bogs and wet sands" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).

Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1993).

320. Rhynchospora chalarocephala Fernald & Gale B&B.230

(Loose-headed Beakrush) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Deleted.

Records: Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984, Whigham 1981). West

Pasadena Road gravel pits 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993).

321. Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray B&B.232

(Rynchospora gracilenta A. Gray) Shr.408

(Slender Beakrush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Bogs and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: "Benfield (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910).

322. Scirpus americanus Pers. 1805. Shr.407, B&B.221

(Scirpus pungens Vahl)

Gleason & Cronquist 1991 lump S. americanus & S. olneyi under S. pungens.

(Three-square) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Borders of salt and fresh ponds and streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908) "In marshes, swamps and ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "No locale" 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Stony Creek, no date, Charles Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn River, Waterbury 7/17/1927, H. Hasselbring (GH). Valentine River Beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island tidal marsh, at shoreline; Ivy Neck, solitary on Sand Point beach, Cheston Peninsula; Higman 295, 451 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Eighteen brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17364 (GH). Beachwood Park (as S. pungens; Longbottom 1991). Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/90, Longbottom 947 (AACC). Main Creek at Maywood Avenue 9/17/90, Longbottom 1204 (AACC). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).

Sightings: Banks of Boyd Pond 9/28/91 (As S. pungens; Longbottom, pc). Mouth of Blackhole Creek 9/28/91 (As S. pungens; Longbottom, pc).

Herbaria: CBC. GH. AACC. US (Stieber 1971).

323. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. 1817 Shr.408

(Scirpus atrovirens Willd.) B&B.225

(Green Bulrush, Dark-green Bulrush)

Stout native perennial herb. Height 2-5 ft.

Habitat: "Meadows and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Low pastures and meadows" (Jaques 1959). "Swamps, bogs, wet meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...may become troublesome where marshes have been drained and on land subject to overflow" (Jaques 1959).

Records: "One station in a moist woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods near head of Cheston Creek, Higman 728 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

324. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth 1837. Shr.408, B&B.225

(Wool-grass) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In open wet situiations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet meadows and swamps" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond assoc. with Cyperus & Juncus 8/6/1966, Stieber 113 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Sightings: Banks of Boyd Pond 9/28/91 (Longbottom, pc).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

325. Scirpus eriophorum Michx. 1803. B&B: unlisted.

(Included in S. cyperinus in Britton & Brown 1913). "This is a doubtful species acc. to

Britton & Brown 1952, who consider it as a polymorphic form of Scirpus cyperinus (L.)

Kunth." (Stieber 1967).

Coarse tall native herb.

Habitat: "Openings along streams and swales" (Stieber 1971).

Records: Glen Burnie, Sawmill Pond, 9/25/1900, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

326. Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray 1848. Shr.408, B&B.223

(Scirpus maritimus var. fluviatilis Torr. 1836)

(River Bulrush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Borders of lakes and large streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.

Records: Hills Bridge 6/16/1907, Forrest Shreve 1649 (US) (Shreve et al 1910, Stieber 1967). Four county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (tentative identification, Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: Shreve's #1649 may be #1549; he collected #1548, 1552, 1553 same date. US (Stieber 1971).
327. Scirpus georgianus Harper

[Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus (Harper) Fern.] B&B.225

(Bulrush)

Frequency: "Found growing with [S. atrovirens]. Probably more common in Western Maryland or at higher altitudes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1993).

328. Scirpus olneyi A. Gray 1845. Shr.407, B&B.221

Gleason & Cronquist 1991 lump S. olneyi and S. americanus under S. pungens.

(Olney's Bulrush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Salt marshes" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes, often forming extensive pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Saline or brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: "Java Farm & Ivy Neck, abundant in most tidal marshes where salinity and flooding are moderate" (Higman 1977). Seventeen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978.

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
329. Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl Shr.408, B&B.225

(Many-tufted Bulrush) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and borders of ponds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps, marshes, and borders of ponds" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Waterbury 7/17/1927, H. Hasselbring (GH). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: GH.

330. Scirpus purshianus Fern. B&B.221

(Pursh's Bulrush) Annual herb.

Habitat: "Sandy to muddy shores and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).

331. Scirpus robustus Pursh 1814. Shr.408, B&B.223

(Saltmarsh Bulrush, Stout Bulrush)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Brackish or salt marshes" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh or brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Brackish or saline coastal marshes" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Valentine River beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn River 1 1/4 mi. NE of Annapolis 10/9/1938, F. J. Hermann 9991 (GH). E. bank of the Severn R. near Annapolis 10/9/1938, F. J. Hermann (US) (Stieber 1967). Cape Anne, in a saltmarsh 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 1 meter high, in a saltmarsh 8/8/1966, Stieber 115 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in tidal marshes e.g., Fox Point, Muddy Creek channel, head of Cheston Creek), Higman 56, 857 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17363 (GH). Twelve county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).

Sightings: Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek 9/28/91, Longbottom pc)

Herbaria: CBC. GH. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

332. Scirpus rubricosus Fernald B&B.225

(Red Woolgrass) Perennial herb.

Habitat: "Swamps and marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: "Marshes of Fox Creek at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent in fresh marshes (Fox Creek marsh and Phalaris meadow), Higman 190, 495 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna; Round Bay Bog; Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

333. Scirpus smithii A. Gray 1867. B&B.221

(Bluntscale Bulrush, Smith's Clubrush, Weak-stalked Clubrush)

Native annual herb.

Habitat: "Wet shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Low sandy coastal areas.

Frequency: Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.

Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, moist, low sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 116 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

334. Scirpus validus Vahl B&B.223

According to Brown & Brown (1984), our plants probably belong to the following variety:

Scirpus validus var. creber Fernald B&B.223

(Great American Bulrush, Great Bulrush) Tall native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Margins of ponds and quiet streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Fresh to brackish marshes" (Stieber 1971). "Margins of ponds, quiet waters and marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). South R. at Rt. 50, sandy shore 6/11/1966, Stieber 117 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in tidal marshes at Hog Island and head of Cheston Creek, co-dominant with Typha latifolia in the latter marsh, Higman 257, 294, 737 (CBC) (As var. creber; Higman 1977). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978 (As var. creber). Patuxent River, S. of Rt.4, Mill Creek, Wayson's Corner 8/3/1982, Steven R. Hill 11864 (GH). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. GH. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

335. Scleria triglomerata Michx. 1803. Shr.409, B&B.236

(Tall Nut-rush, Three-clustered Nut-rush, Whip-grass)

Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Low, usually sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Moist sands; dry to moist open woods; meadows; ponds.

Records: "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond, assoc. with Typha, Cyperus, Scirpus 7/1/1966, Stieber 118 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).

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