Passifloraceae (Passion-flower Family)

926. Passiflora lutea L. 1753. Shr.458, B&B.667

(Yellow Passionflower)

Slender native perennial herbaceous vine climbing by tendrils.

927. Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 1856 B&B.667

[Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) Macbr.]

(Opuntia vulgaris Mill. 1768)

[Opuntia opuntia (L.) Coult. 1896] Shr.459

(Eastern Prickly Pear)

Native succulent herbaceous plant.

Habitat: "Forests and open situations in sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common on sandy coastal dunes or shaly soils of Midland, especially Allegany County, rare elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).

Sightings: Magothy River watershed: older shore property of Mrs. William Burdick off Mago Vista Road before Mago Vista Beach (Seen in sandy lawn by Rucker 1967). Roadside bank at Plum Creek Drive near Plum/Gumbottom Creek. Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (Longbottom Pc 1991). Reported from railroad bank at Odenton train station by Roger White 4/22/1999.

106. Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster Family)

928. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. B&B.238

(Russian Olive, Oleaster)

Large deciduous spreading shrub introduced from Eurasia.

Governors Bridge (one large plant).

929. Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne 1882. B&B.669

[Parsonia petiolata (L.) Rusby 1894] Shr.459

(Lythrum petiolatum L. 1753)

(Blue Waxweed, Clammy Loosestrife, Tarweed)

Erect native annual herb. 6-15" high. Flowers purple. Stems pubescent, sticky.

930. Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. 1821. Shr.459, B&B.671

(Lythrum verticillatum L. 1753)

(Water Willow, Swamp Loosestrife)

Native emergent-aquatic slightly woody shrubby perennial herb.

Habitat: "In swamps and marshes and about the margins of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).

Frequency: "Throughout the state, being common in the Coastal Zone, and infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Saw Mill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/5/1899). Margin of pond at Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Marshland at head of a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Seven county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Marley Creek Swamp, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Sightings: Angels Bog 9/30/90 (Longbottom pc). Chase Creek watershed

(Ruckers Pond & pond above Riverdale Road). Arden Pond 1990. Jonas Green Pond. Mill Creek above Route 50. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Lower pond at Chartwell golf course 7/16/88. Old Man Creek 8/20/1989

(Longbottom pc).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

931. Lythrum lineare L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.669

(Saltmarsh Loosestrife, Linear-leaved Loosestrife)

Native perennial herb. Leaves linear. Stem with 2 wings.

SYN: Lythrum purpurea B&B: Unlisted.

This is an unknown taxon. Although listed separately from L. salicaria, the Purple

Loosestrife, in the 1993 index, it is probably synonymous.

932. Lythrum salicaria L. Shr.459, B&B.669

(Purple Loosestrife) Perennial herb. Petals reddish-purple.

Habitat: "Marshes and stream banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Infrequent; Baltimore County and the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Mayo, infrequent in roadside ditch at Selby-on-the-Bay (margin of Rhode River watershed), Higman 1400 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Herbaria: CBC.

933. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne 1875 Shr.459, B&B.671

(Ammannia ramosior L. 1753)

(Tooth-cup) Low annual herb. Leaves linear, opposite.

934. Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica Marsh 1785. Shr.465, B&B.238

(Sour Gum, Blackgum)

Large native deciduous tree. Young trees tolerant of shade, shrubby.

935. Rhexia mariana L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.673

(Maryland Meadow-beauty, Deergrass)

Native perennial herb; 4 petals, purple to white. Round stem.

936. Rhexia virginica L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.673

(Virginia Meadow-beauty, Deergrass)

Native perennial herb; 4 petals, crimson to purple. Four-angled stem.

937h. Circaea quadrisulcata (Maximowicz) Franchet & Savatier

var. canadensis (L.) Hara B&B.685

(Circaea latifolia Hill)

(Circaea lutetiana L. 1753) Shr.461

"Our plants as described, belong to var. canadensis (L.) Hara in order to distinguish them

from the typical Asiatic variety" (Brown & Brown 1984).

(Enchanter's Nightshade) Erect, branching perennial herb.

938. Epilobium coloratum Biehler B&B.679

(Epilobium coloratum Muhl. 1809) Shr.460

(Purpleleaf Willowweed, Purple-leaved Willow-herb)

Native erect, bushy herb.

Habitat: "In fresh marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp grassy roadsides, ditches" (Stieber 1971).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Entrance to Balt-Wash. Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade, damp grassy roadside 8/6/1966, Stieber 392 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in shaded wet field on north side of main building area, and in deep ditch of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 195, 327 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (on Patuxent) mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

939. Gaura biennis L. 1753 Shr.461, B&B.683

(Biennial Gaura)

Native erect, much-branching biennial herb. 2-5 ft. tall. Flower spikes white, turning purple.

940. Ludwigia alternifolia L. 1753. Shr.460, B&B.677

(Rattlebox, Seedbox) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: In fresh marshes, swamps, and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In marshes, wet meadows and swamps" (Grimm 1968).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Oak Grove, near Deale, in a field 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 390 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, solitary to infrequent in salt marshes, Higman 1100 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (near Round Bay) mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

941. Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. 1817. B&B.677

(Isnardia palustris L. 1753) Shr.460

Ludwigia palustris var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.

"The American plants belong to the var. americana" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).

(Water Purslane, Marsh Purslane)

Native perennial succulent aquatic herb.

942. Oenothera biennis L. 1753. B&B.681

[Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.] Shr.460

(Common Evening Primrose)

Native stout upright biennial herb. 4-8 ft. tall. Flowers yellow, nocturnal.

Habitat: "In cultivated and waste grounds and dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry soil of roadsides and fields" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In dry open places and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).

Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).

Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, common in sand 9/23/1966 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 393 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in pavement of Fox Point Road; Ivy neck, infrequent in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 145, 954, 1018 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 704 8/29/87, Lot 706 8/26/97, with hummingbird).

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

943. Oenothera fruticosa L. 1753 B&B.683

[Knieffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann] Shr.461

(Narrow-leaved Sundrops, Common Sundrops)

Erect native perennial herb.

Habitat: "Damp Meadows" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In dry to moist open woods, fields, and meadows" (Grimm 1968). "Moist or dry soils of fields and woods, even in salt marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek 5/27/1955, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., shallow water 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1114 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Savanna and cedar swamp habitats at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).

Herbaria: CBC. US.

944. Oenothera fruticosa var. latifolia B&B: unlisted.

945. Oenothera laciniata Hill 1767. Shr.460, B&B.683

[Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose 1905]

(Cut-leaved Evening Primrose) Annual herb.

(Pinnate Water-Milfoil)

Perennial aquatic herb. B&B.687

Habitat: "Shallow water and muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Records: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).

947. Myriophyllum spicatum L. 1753. B&B: Not listed.

(Eurasian Watermilfoil, Common Watermilfoil, Spiked Water-milfoil)

Perennial aquatic herb.

stations were noted by Orth et al 1985 (Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985).

948. Prosperpinaca palustris L. 1753 Shr.461, B&B.690

(Mermaid-weed) Low perennial aquatic herb.

Habitat: "Wet swamps" (Gray 1867). "In marshes, swamps and wet situations with sandy soil, also in shallow ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Shallow water, or muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).

Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).


112. Araliaceae (Ginseng Family)

949. Aralia nudicaulis L. 1753. Shr.462, B&B.692

(Wild Sarsaparilla) Native perennial herb.

Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich moist woods" (Grimm 1968).

Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Upland near Solley Road Helonias site (Sipple 1999, p.346).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near spring above Ruckers Pond, several plants May 2000, died out; also ridge NW of Berry's tenant house - plants very numerous, May 2000). Rays Pond watershed (slope near Iliff's Pond).

950. Aralia spinosa L. 1753. Shr.461, B&B.239

(Hercules' Club) Small native tree. Twice-pinnate leaves.

Habitat: "In low grounds and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).

"Rich woods, bluffs, and roadsides" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Rich woods, riverbanks, bluff" (Stieber 1971). "Rich, open woods and along streams" (Brown & Brown 1972).

951. Hedera helix L. B&B.241

(Hedera helix L. var. vulgaris DC)

(English Ivy)

High-climbing evergreen woody vine and pervasive groundcover.

Habitat: Escapes (both vegetatively and by seed) from cultivation, especially on rich moist soils. Very destructive of native vegetation.

Records: Twining on Dactylis in shaded area near jct. Rt. 2 & Rt. 648, /20/1966, Stieber 399 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in mixed hardwoods along north side of road to pier, also infrequent on north bank of Fox Point (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancocks Resolution (Envirens 1991).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Widespread infestation; frequently from seed in Rucker's woods; also Ventre property. Weems Creek (Hock property; arising from seed throughout). Holly Beach Farm. "Severnside" (Rich property). St. Helena Island. Ravine off lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch. Junction of Rts. 648 & 2 below Ritchie Overlook; fruiting on Siberian elms.

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

952. Hedera helix L. var. baltica Rehd.

(Baltic Ivy)

Woody vine with smaller leaves and stems than var. vulgaris.

953. Panax trifolius L. 1753. B&B.692

(Panax trifolium L.) Shr.462

(Dwarf Ginseng) Perennial herb.

"Fairly common in Garrett County; infrequent to rare in the Midland and Coastal areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).