Corbicula an annotated bibliography 1774 2005

In the Hong Kong New Territories, Corbicula fluminea occurs in the lotic flooded furrows of vegetable gardens. Generally, populations are characterized by two major age classes. The abundance of C. fluminea seems to be greatest in those sediments with a high proportion of particles > 0.4 mm diameter.

Qi, S. and M. Meixin. 1987. Zhujiang guangzhou heduan hexian zhongqun de ruogan shengtaixue yanjiu [Studies on some ecological aspects of the population of Corbicula fluminea (Müller) (Mollusca) in the Pearl River, Guangzhou]. Acta Ecologica Sinica/Shengtai Xuebao, Beijing 7(2):161-169. [Chinese with English summary]

Samples of Corbicula fluminea used for population analysis were taken from the Guangzhou each of the Pearl River in 1981-1983, twice a year irregularly. The distribution of the species along the river reach was found to be discontinuous. Theoretically, it is attributed to a negative binomial pattern calculated from the Morisita Index. The maximum density of the clam reached 7,500 inds./m super(2), but the average density on the left side of the river is remarkably lower than on the right side (t = 2.6779; p < 0.01). During the spring or early summer season the population was mainly composed of clams measuring 11.0mm in shell length. Thereafter, individuals of 15.0mm became dominant.

Qihong, M. 1986. Fossil lamellibranchs from the Late Jurassic Xinminpu Group in western Gansu, NW China. Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology No. 22:181 212.

Corbicula (Mesocorbicula) liaoningensis Gu, 1976 is referred to Neomiodonoides gen. nov.

Qiu, A., A. Shi and A. Komaru. 2001. Yellow and brown shell color morphs of Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) from Sichuan province, China, are triploids and tetraploids. Journal of Shellfish Research 20(1):323-328.

Yellow and brown shell color morphs were distinguished in samples of Corbicula fluminea collected from Anyue County, Sichuan Province, China. Shells of yellow morphs are straw yellow externally and white internally, while those of brown morphs are dark brown and purple, respectively. Karyological and DNA microfluorometric analyses revealed that yellow and brown morphs are triploid and tetraploid, respectively. Both are simultaneous hermaphrodites with non-reductional and biflagellate spermatozoa and brood their larvae in the inner demibranchs like diploid C. fluminea in Taiwan and Japan. These reproductive characteristics are similar to triploid Corbicula leana in Japan, which is self-fertilizing. These results suggest that Corbicula fluminea at different ploidy levels may also reproduce by self-fertilization.

Qiu, J. W., Z. C. Xie and W. X. Wang. 2005. Effects of calcium on the uptake and elimination of cadmium and zinc in Asiatic clams. Archive of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48(2):278-87.

The effects of Ca, one of the major ions contributing to water hardness, were examined for effects on the uptake and elimination of Cd and Zn in the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea, a common bivalve species in the rivers and streams of Southern China. Over the wide range of dissolved Cd (4.5 to 446 nM) and Zn (15.3 to 1529 nM) concentrations, uptake of both metals increased with increasing dissolved metal concentration, showing Michaelis-Menten-type saturation kinetics. At each tested metal concentration, increased Ca concentration led to a significantly lower metal uptake. When the Ca, Cd, Zn concentrations were expressed as free-ion activities, Cd and Zn uptake data fitted the Michaelis-Menten inhibition model well. The effects of the two Ca blockers on metal uptake by the clamswere also examined. Verapamil significantly inhibited the uptake Cd and Zn, but the inhibitive effect of lanthanum on metal uptake was more evident for Cd than for Zn. Ca did not significantly affect the assimilation efficiency of either metal from ingested phytoplankton, nor did it affect the elimination of the two metals during a 1-month depuration period. The study has shown that Ca inhibited the uptake of metals from water; such an effect could be predicted based on the free-metal ion activities. Ca did not seem to have a direct effect on metal assimilation from food or metal elimination from the bivalve.

Qiyu, C. 1979. A report on Mollusca in Lake Hwama, Hubei Province. Oceanologica et Limnologica Sinica 10(1): 62.

A general survey on Mollusca of Lake Hwama, which is a shallow lake covering an area of 27.5 kmSUP-2, was undertaken during March, 1959 to January, 1960. Forty-five molluscan species (including 34 species belonging to 5 families of Gastropoda and 11 species belonging to 4 families of Lamellibranchia) were found during the survey. Among them, Bellamya aeruginosa, Parafossarudus striatulus, Alocinma longicornis, Corbicula fluminea and Cristaria plicata are predominant species of the lake. This gives a representative picture of the molluscan fauna in those shallow lakes situated along the Middle Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Valley. According to the data obtained from quantitative samples regularly collected from 8 transects in the lake, composing of 64 collecting points in all, the population density for gastropods was 85.3 individuals per mSUP-2, with a biomass of 56.56 g/mSUP-2 ; for bivalves, 1.4 individuals per mSUP-2, with a biomass of 21.87 g/mSUP-2 . The richness of the aquatic vascular plants and the hardness of bottom mud might be the most important factors that affect the biomass of the gastropods, while the amount of organic matter in the bottom mud might act as a limiting factor on the biomass of Lamellibranchia.

Qiyu, C. and W. Tianhui. 1983. Ecological aspects of Mollusca in the lower reaches (Nanjing to Jiangyin) of Chagjing River (the Yangtze River). Transactions of the Chinese Society of Malacology 1:103 114.

During October and November 1979, a survey was made of the Mollusca of the Changjiang River between Nanjing and Jiangyin. Samples were taken with a 0.1 m<2< bottom sampler for various localities that included the main river trunk, tributaries and their confluences with the main trunk. Ten species belonging to seven genera were found. They are Bellamya angularis, Bellamya aeruginosa, Viviparus sp., Semisulcospira cancellata, Semisulcospira mandarina, Melania sp., Limnoperna lacustris, Novaculina chinensis, Corbicula fluminea and Corbicula leana. The standing stock of Mollusca decreased as one sampled from the tributary to the littoral area of the trunk, to the outlet of the tributary. Molluscan densities ( ind. m< 2<) in these regions were 67, 2, and 1 and the biomass (g m< 2<) were 136.72, 1.15, and 1.03, respectively. No molluscs were found in the main trunk of the river. The greater abundance of molluscs in the tributaries is considered to be due to favorable environmental conditions. The survey showed that most molluscs prefer muddy or mud sandy bottoms with shallow (less than 4   6 m deep), slowly flowing water as found in the Great Canal where molluscs were abundant both in species diversity and numbers. The scarcity of molluscs in the trunk of the Chang Jiang River is probably due to the more rapid current containing large amounts of clay particles. In such environments, neither food nor shelter is adequate for molluscs.

Quigley, M. A. 1981. Freshwater macroinvertebrates. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (Literature Review Issue) 53(6):1015-1027.

A book on oligochaete aquatic biology and a proceedings on Corbicula cover information on population dynamics, the effects of human activities, and other topics.
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Raeilhe, D. 1983. Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in Massapequa Lake, Long Island, New York. New York Shell Club Notes, No. 287:9 10.

Corbicula fluminea is reported from Massapequa Lake, Long Island, Nassau County, New York from collections made in November 1977.

Rafinesque, C. S. 1820. Monographie des coquilles bivalves de la riviere Ohio. Contenant douze genres et Soixante huit especes. Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques, 15e livraison du 5e tome. pp. 21 56. [Reprinted as a new translation by A. LaRocque in Sterkiana 16:33 52. 1964]

A brief description of the genus Corbicula (p. 53) describing the teeth of both valves and general shell shape. Corbicula hammalis is given as the type. Corbicula fluviatilis is also mentioned.

Rains, J. H., W. J. Foley and A. Hennich. 1984. Closeout of IE Bulletin 81 03: Flow Blockage of Cooling Water to Safety System Components by Corbicula sp. (Asiatic Clam) and Mytilus sp. (Mussel). U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NUREG/ CR 3054. v + 53 pp.

On April 10, 1981, the Office of Inspection and Enforcement (IE) of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued Bulletin 81 03 requiring all nuclear generating unit licensees to assess the potential for biofouling of safety related system components as a result of Asiatic clams (Corbicula sp.) and marine mussels (Mytilus sp.). Issuance of the Bulletin was prompted by the shutdown of Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 2 on September 3, 1980, as a result of flow blockage of safety systems by Asiatic clams. Licensee responses to Bulletin 81 03 have been compiled and evaluated to determine teh magnitude of existing biofouling problems and potential for future problems. An assessment of the areal extent of Asiatic clams and marine mussel infestation has been made along with an evaluation of detection and control procedures currently in use by licensees. Recommendations are provided with regard to adequacy of detection, inspection and prevention practices currently in use, biocidal treatment programs, and additional areas of concern. Safety implications and licensee responsibilities are discussed. Of 79 facilities licensed to operate, 17 have reported biofouling problems, 21 are judged to have high biofouling potential, 17 are judged to have low future potential, and 24 are judged to have little or no potential for biofouling. For 49 facilities under construction, the number of units for matching conditions of biofouling are 3, 25, 15, and 6 in the same order of decreasing severity. The Bulletin has been closed out for 85 of 129 current facilities. Followup is needed to close out the Bulletin for 21 operating facilities and 23 facilities under construction.

Rajagopal, S., G. Van Der Velde and A. Bij De Vaate. 2000. Reproductive biology of the Asiatic clams Corbicula fluminalis and Corbicula fluminea in the river Rhine. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 149(3):403-420.

Morton (1986) revised the genus Corbicula and distinguished two species, viz., Corbicula fluminalis and Corbicula fluminea, each with a contrasting reproductive strategy. In the river Rhine, where C. fluminalis and C. fluminea have coexisted in large numbers since their invasion in 1988, their reproductive aspects were studied from April 1991 to January 1993. C. fluminalis is dioecious, with a small percentage (about 3%) of hermaphrodites, while C. fluminea is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, which incubates fertilized eggs within its inner demibranchs and releases pediveligers (200 μm shell length). C. fluminalis and C. fluminea exhibited different spawning periods: C. fluminea released its pediveliger larvae from May to September, when mean water temperature exceeded 15^oC, while C. fluminalis released its gametes during October-December and March-April, when mean water temperature was between 6^oC and 15^oC. Both species showed two spawning peaks per year, viz. October/November and March for C. fluminalis and May/June and September for C. fluminea. In both species, the second spawning peak was shorter than the first, and the percentage of spawning individuals was much lower during the second period. Spawning frequency of C. fluminea correlated positively with the chlorophyll-a content of the water. Body mass development also showed a close correspondence with spawning, with two peaks per annum. In contrast to C. fluminea, C. fluminalis body mass increased from December to March, when chlorophyll-a concentrations were very low, indicating alternative food sources for this species other than algae (bacterioplankton, detritus). C. fluminea, which shows brood care, allocated more energy resources (51% in May and 21% in September) to reproduction before spawning than C. fluminalis (33% in October and 20% in March). The co-existence of C. fluminalis and C. fluminea in the Rhine branches is probably explained by their different reproductive strategies, reproductive periods and possibly different food preferences.

Ramsay, G. G., J. H. Tackett and D. W. Morris. 1988. Effect of low-level continuous chlorination on Corbicula fluminea. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7(10):855-856.

The time required for continuous chlorination to produce 100% mortality in adult Corbicula fluminea was determined. The total residual chlorine concentrations maintained were lower than any previously tested: 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/L.

Ray, H. C. 1962. Chokage of filtered water pipe systems by freshwater molluscs. Proceedings of the First All India Congress of Zoology (1959), Part 2. pp. 20 23.

Ray, H. C. 1967. A new species of freshwater calm, Corbicula krishnaea from Maharashtra, India (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 96(3/6):191 193.

Corbicula krishnaea sp. nov. is described (pp. 191 192) and figured (figs. 1, 2) from the Krishna River near Sangli, Poona, Maharashtra, India. Comparisons are made with Corbicula striatella Deshayes and Corbicula javanica (Mousson).

Raymond, M. W. 1998. Bioavailability of trace metals from acid mine drainage, using the bivalve mollusc Corbicula fluminea. Master of Science Thesis, Ohio University (Athens). 113 pp.

Reese, K. M. 1978. The Asiatic clam   a well traveled pest, but edible. Chemical and Engineering News, September 18. p. 68.

Reeside, J. B., Jr. 1924. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the western part of the San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 134:1 70.

Reid, C. 1882. The Geology of the Country around Cromer. (London). 71 pp.

Reid, C. 1890. The Pliocene Deposits of Britain. (London). 230 pp.

Reid, R. G. B. 1991. Feeding behavior of early juvenile shellfish, with emphasis on the Manila clam. In many bivalve species there is a distinctive postmetamorphic alteration of feeding behavior. Remote Setting and Nursery Culture for Shellfish Growers: Workshop, (Olympia, Washington), 19 February, T. Y. Nosho and K. K. Chew, Eds.

The filter feeding mechanisms of the pediveliger are lost at metamorphosis, and there is a pause before the gills develop sufficiently to allow the resumption of filtration. The delay may be no more than a few hours in oysters, the most widely maricultured bivalve type. However, in several commercially significant species the delay may last for a few days to a few weeks, and in failing to recognize this fact some standard nursery practices may contribute to setting and post-setting mortalities. Understanding bivalve pedal feeding should be valuable in designing appropriate feeding regimes for early juveniles. Pedal feeding modalities in a number of bivalves, including Corbicula fluminea, Fimbria fimbriata, Mysella, Musculus, Miodontiscus, Geloina, Tridacna, Panope, Tapes, Patinopecten, Crassadoma. A downwelling system providing suspended, mixed algae is tested for juvenile Manila clams (Venerupis japonica).

Reid, R. G. B., R. F. McMahon, D. O. Foighil and R. Finnigan. 1992. Anterior inhalant currents and pedal feeding in bivalves. The Veliger 35(2): 93-104.

The association of anterior inhalant currents and pedal feeding is examined in four bivalve species: Corbicula fluminea, Mysella bidentata, Tridacna gigas , and Patinopecten yessoensis. At some time in the life cycle they all employ the foot for food particle collection. In Corbicula and Mysella this is an adult activity, but in Tridacna and Patinopecten the behavior is confined to the early juvenile. The position of the inhalant current is determined by the dominant food collecting organ. We argue that pedal feeding is a primitive bivalve function. Where the habit is confined to the early postmetamorphic stage, the use of the foot as a feeding organ spans the period between larval and late juvenile suspension feeding before the gills develop into effective filtration organs. It is probable that this kind of feeding behavior is almost universal in juvenile bivalves and common in the adult forms of small species.

Reigle, N. J. 1963. Notes on the mollusks of Lan Yu, Taiwan. Quarterly of the Taiwan Museum 16(1 2):81 87.

Lan Yu is about 40 miles east of the southern tip of Taiwan. Corbicula fluminea was the only freshwater bivalve on the island but was abundant in taro paddies.

Reinhardt, O. 1877. Diagnoser japonischer landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin 20:67 70.

Reinhardt, O. 1878. Ueber japanische Corbicula Arten. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 5:185 194.

Renard,E., V. Bachmann, M. L. Cariou and J. C. Moreteau. 2000. Morphological and molecular differentiation of invasive freshwater species of the genus Corbicula (Bivalvia, Corbiculidea) suggest the presence of three taxa in French rivers. Molecular Ecology 9(12):2009-2016.

Asiatic clams are common in brackish and fresh water in Asia, and they were introduced into North America in 1924 and have now spread throughout the continent. During the last two decades they have been reported in Europe, but the number of species here is uncertain. Populations of Corbicula from France and the Netherlands were analysed morphologically and genetically to quantify the degree of species and/or population differentiation. The morphological and genetic data, based on allozymes and mitochondrial sequences, were in full agreement. They indicate that there are two distinct species, identified as C. fluminalis and C. fluminea, in the two countries. Analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene revealed an unexpected divergent population of Corbicula in the Rhône. All these individuals were morphologically identified as C. fluminea, but had a COI sequence different from the two previous species. This population may, therefore, be a more ancient population, or a distinct species introduced via a different colonization route.

Rensch, B. 1934. Süsswasser Mollusken de Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda Expedition. Archiv f:ur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13(2):203 254.

Rensch, B. 1934. Die Molluskenfauna der Kleinen Sunda Insulin Bali, Lombok, Flores und Sumba, III. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Systematische) 65:389 422.

Rensch, B. 1934. Zur Kenntis der Land  und S:usswasser mollusken Sumatras. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 66(6):313 339.

Repelin, J. 1906. Monographie de la faune saumatre du campanien inferieur du sud est la France. Annales du Muséum de Marseilles 10:64.

Ribera, D. 1998. Biomarkers of PAH contaminated freshwater ecosystems using Corbicula sp.: A laboratory study. 8th Annual Meeting of : Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry -Europe, Bordeaux, France, 14-18 April.

Richards, H. G. 1943. Fauna of the Raritan formation of New Jersey. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 95:15 32.

Corbicula whitfieldi nom. nov. is proposed for specimens erroneously referred by Whitfield to Astarte annosa. Collections indicate marine conditions prevailed for at least part of the Raritan time. The fact that plant remains are common in other phases of the Raritan Formation suggests that marine conditions may not have existed for a very long proportion of Raritan time.

Richards, H. G. 1945. Deep oil test at Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 29:1196 1202.

Richards, H. G. 1968. Catalogue of Invertebrate Types at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Publication 8. 222 pp.

Bibliographic citations and catalogue numbers are given for type materials of Corbicula dormitator Pilsbry and Corbicula wicomicoensis Richards.

Richardson, G. B. 1909. Reconnaissance of the Book Cliffs coal field between Grand River, Colorado, and Sunnyside, Utah. Bulletin of the U.S. Geological Survey 371:1 54.

Richardson, W. M., J. S. St. Amant, L. J. Bottroff and W. L. Parker. 1970. Introduction of blue catfish into California. California Fish and Game Bulletin 56(4):311 312.

Blue catfish are known to feed on Corbicula fluminea. C. fluminea is abundant and a nuisance in many southern California waters but is virtually unutilized by present game fish populations. Although the blue catfish probably will not afford any biological control over the clams, it is likely that they will convert appreciable quantities of this forage animal to fish flesh for angler use.

Riggs, E. S. and B. Patterson. 1939. Stratigraphy of late Miocene and Pliocene deposits of the Province of Catamarca (Argentina), with notes of the faunae. Physis 14(46):143 162.

Fossils were collected from four zones. The Calchaqui (Upper Miocene), which yielded on the bivalve Corbicula stelzneri.

Rinne, J. N. 1974. The introduced Asiatic clam, Corbicula in central Arizona reservoirs. The Nautilus 88(2):56 61.

Horizontal and vertical densities and biomasses of Corbicula manilensis in two central Arizona reservoirs (Roosevelt and Apache lakes, Salt River system) were estimated using meter square quadrats and Ekman dredge sampling. Concentrations of clams increased with depth of water and down lake from inflow areas characterized by greater turbidity (suspended sediment). Densities were highest on rock rubble slopes and increased directly with complexity (number of components) of substrata. Data suggest food supply, substratum, turbidity and perhaps fish predation as important factors in determining densities and biomasses of clams in the two reservoirs.

Robinson, J. V. and G. A. Wellborn. 1988. Ecological resistance to the invasion of a freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea: Fish predation effects. Oecologia 77(4):445-452.

Fish predation is shown to have a twenty nine fold effect on the abundance of the invasive freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, in a Texas reservoir. This predation has prevented the clam from establishing the high densities commonly reported for it elsewhere. The high magnitude of the fish effect is attributed to Corbicula being an invader to this reservoir and not being able to cope well with the mix of resident fish species. In the absence of fish, colonization of the reservoir by Corbicula is spatially patchy. When fish interact with these clams, they remove sufficient numbers of individuals from dense patches to create the appearance of a spatially uniform distribution.

Roche, B. M. and D. J. Hornbach. 1984. Life history of a riverine population of the introduced Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea. 32nd Annual Meeting of the North American Benthological Society. IN: Corbicula Newsletter, J. C. Britton and J. B. Sickel, Eds. 9(1):2. [Abstract]

Life history traits of Corbicula fluminea were studies from October 1982 October 1983. Collections were made monthly (excluding March and April due to extensive flooding) at the Mechums River near Charlottesville, Virginia (depth range = 0.1   1.1 m). Densities were determined using a ponal dredge (bite = 0.039 square meter), taking 6 grabs along a transect. Mean densities ranged from 84.6 to 1494.8 clams/square meter, with an overall mean of 467.2 clams per square meter. Application of Taylor's power law showed that the clams displayed a clumped distribution. Examination of the time series of shell length frequency distributions indicated that there was one generation per year, with the first detectable newborns (shell length = 0.4 mm) settling in the substratum during the late summer (July). The maximum life span was 2 years during which clams reached shell lengths of approximately 11.1 and 17.6 mm after their first and second year of life, respectively. This reflects a great deal of mortality in the pediveliger (pre settling) stage, since adults produce thousands of pediveligers during the breeding season. The results of this study on a riverine population can be compared to studies on lentic populations where there are normally two generations produced per year with maximum life spans of 2 4 years and maximal shell lengths of 30 60 mm.

Roche, J. 1884. Documents relatifs `a la mission au sud de l'Alg'erie; Rapport Flatters. (Paris).

Fossil Corbicula fluminalis is reported from the Algerian Sahara.

Rochebrune, A. T. de. 1881. Documents sur la faune malacologique de la Cochinchine et du Cambodge. Bulletin du Soci'et'e Philomathique Paris. Série 7, 6:35 74.

Rochebrune, A. T. de and L. Germain. 1904. Mollusques recueillies par la Mission du Bourg de Bozas. Mémoirs de la Société Zoologique de France 17:5 22.

Rochebrune, A. T. de, and L. Germain. 1904. Diagnoses de mollusques nouveaux provenant de la mission de Bourg de Bozas. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris 19:141 144.

Rodgers, E. B. and J. T. Johnson. 1983. The control by chlorination of a fresh water sponge fouling found in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant. IN: Symposium on Condenser Macrofouling Control Technologies: The State of the Art, I. A. Diaz Tous, M. J. Miller and Y. G. Mussalli, Eds. Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto, California), CS 3343. pp. 8 1   8 14.

Lethal concentrations of chlorine for the control of freshwater sponges at Tennessee Valley Authority power plants were compared with lethal concentrations of chlorine used to control Corbicula.

Rodgers, J. H., D. S. Cherry, J. R. Clark, K. L. Dickson and J. Cairns, Jr. 1977. The invasion of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula manilensis, in the New River. The Nautilus 91(2):43 46.

Rodgers, J. H., Jr., D. S. Cherry, K. L. Dickson and J. Cairns, Jr. 1978. Influence of thermal effluent on population dynamics of Asiatic clam Corbicula manilensis in the New River Virginia. Association of Southeastern Biologists, Bulletin 25(2):48. [Abstract]

Successfully overcoming physical and ecological barriers, Corbicula manilensis extended its range to include the New River, Giles County, Virginia, in 1975. Upstream invasion rates have been calculated at approximately nine river miles per year although factors or agents of dispersion have not been discerned. Population density beyond the area of influence of thermal effluent from a coal fired power plant drastically declined during severe low water temperatures (< 0.0

Rodgers, J. H., Jr., D. S. Cherry, K. L. Dickson and J. Cairns, Jr. 1979. Elemental accumulation of Corbicula fluminea in the New River at Glen Lyn, Virginia. IN: Proceedings of the First International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, Ed. Texas Christian University Research Foundation (Ft. Worth). pp 99 110.

Rodgers,H. J., Jr, D. S. Cherry, R. L. Graney, K. L. Dickson and J. Cairns, Jr. 1978. Comparison of heavy metal interactions in acute and artificial stream bioassay techniques for the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea). IN: Aquatic Toxicology. Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology, J. G. Eaton, P. R. Parrish and A. C. Hendricks, Eds. American Society for Testing and Materials (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) ASTM-STP-707. pp. 266-280.

Population densities of C. fluminea, in the thermally influenced areas of the New River at the Glen Lyn power plant, Glen Lyn, Va., increased from zero before 1975 to approximately 11,522/mSUP-2 by February 1978. Since their establishment, clams in the thermal effluent have served as a source of propagules for clam invasion into other areas of the New River during the warmer seasons. Copper was more toxic (LC₅₀ = 0.04 ppm) to the clam than zinc (LC₅₀ = 6.04 ppm) or copper-zinc simultaneously (LC₅₀ = 0.05 ppm) in 96-h static bioassays. 96 h LC₅₀ determinations in artificial stream bioassays were at least one order of magnitude higher when compared with the static test values (the LC₅₀ values for copper and copper-zinc combined were 0.49 and 3.06 ppm, respectively). The LC₅₀ values appeared also to be the effective concentration at which at least 50% of the clams demonstrated a gaping response and cessation of filtering activity. Elemental bioaccumulation of copper and zinc was more prevalent in the visceral tissue than in concentrations measured from clam valves or from the water in both laboratory bioassays and field determinations. When copper bioaccumulation in the viscera increased to approximately 275 to 400 ppm, gaping and a lack of filtering activity were evident in 96-h tests. Behavioral mechanisms, cessation of filtering activity and the closure of valves during stress, were considered to be likely factors in producing the higher LC₅₀ values, when compared with other invertebrate responses.

Rodrigues Capitulo, A., C. S. Ocon, M. Tangorra, A. C. Paggi, A. Cortelezzi and F. Spaccesi. 2003. Estudios zoobentonicos recientes en el Rio de la Plata [Recent zoobenthic studies in the Rio de la Plata]. IN: Diatomeas y Macroinvertebrados en el Monitoreo de Sistemas Loticos Bonaerenses [Diatoms and Macroinvertebrates in the Monitoring of Bonaerense Lotic Systems], A. Rodrigues Capitulo and N. Gomez, Eds. No. 21, Biologia Acuatica. pp. 19-30. [Spanish with English summary]

The most important results from zoobenthic samplings carried out in the Rio de la Plata (Argentina-Uruguay) since the year 1993, were studied. The main components in the study area were the oligochaetes and nematods, particularly in sectors with high organic matter content and low dissolved oxygen. Tubificidae was very frequent, mainly Limnodrilus claparedeianus. A prevalence of Corbicula fluminea among the mollusks was observed in the coastal area in association with Limnoperna fortunei. This assemblage supports the presence of macroinvertebrates such as Hirudinea, Temnocephala, Lumbriculidae, etc. Chironomidae showed an almost constant presence in the internal and intermediate river areas. The most frequent microcrustaceous were Copepoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda and their larval forms. Offshore the river, mollusks, annelids, crustaceans and nematods were present in the great majority of the sampling sites. Polychaeta were present in 90% of the sampling places being Nephtidae the most abundant genus. C. fluminea dominated in the interior sector of the river and it was replaced by Erodona mactroides and Mactra isabelleana in the external area. Rapana venosa was also observed in this area. Different benthic assemblages were determined and their faunistic composition varied according to substrate, silt, size, coast, proximity, organic matter content and food resources.

Rodrigues, F. L. and M. A. Bemvenuti. 2001. Habito alimentar e osteologia da boca do peixe-rei, Odontesthes humensis de Buen (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) na Lagoa Mirim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil [Feeding habits and mouth osteology of silverside, Odontesthes humensis de Buen (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) in the Mirim Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18(3):793-802. [Portuguese with English summary]

Gut contents of 304 individuals of the silverside Odontesthes humensis de Buen, 1953 were analyzed using frequency of occurrence (FO%) and gravimetric (P%) methods. A total of 207 individuals (68.1%) had some food itens in the gut, while 97 individuals (31.9%) had empty guts. The silverside Odontesthes humensis has presented a benthic carnivorous diet, preying mainly on molluscs and arthropods. The molluscs Heleobia sp. (FO = 61.35%) and Corbicula fluminea (FO = 57.97%) were the most frequent itens, followed by Neocorbicula limosa (FO = 17.39%). Among the arthropods, the coleoptera insects (FO = 18.84%) were dominant followed by, insect larvae (FO = 6.76%), the crustacean Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 (FO = 1.93%) and isopods (FO = 1.45%). Vegetal remains, organic matter and digested fish were grouped due to low frequency (FO = 9.13%) being considered occasional. Juvenile fed mainly on insect larvae and molluscs, while the adults preferred molluscs and coleoptera. On the description of its feeding apparatus the importance of a protrusible upper jaw was observed, being important on the capture of prey in inaccessible places. A protrusible mouth and the format of the pharingean plates, are important morphological characters that assist on the capture and handling of prey. The molariform shaped pharingean teeth help break hard food items, as shells and carapaces.

Rodrigues, M. H. Stabalino and E. L. Gaeta Espindola. 2003. Limnologia, análise da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e bioensaios de toxicidade para avaliação ambiental dos reservatórios em cascata do médio e baixo rio Tietê (SP). Doctoral Dissertation, São Carlos. 203 pp. [Portuguese]

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido nos reservatórios, em cascata, que fazem parte do Médio e Baixo Rio Tietê, incluindo os tributários, os Rios Tietê, Piracicaba e Bauru. Foram considerados os pontos de coleta, localizados à montante, jusante, bem como os pontos intermediários dos reservatórios estudados. Considerando-se os períodos referentes a outubro de1999 fevereiro, maio e julho de 2000, as pesquisas nestes locais abordaram a qualidade ambiental dos reservatórios, com características limnológicas (água, sedimento), a fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos, além de testes ecotoxicológicos (Chironomus xanthus). As análises dos sedimentos permitiram evidenciar as frações de silte e argila, o elevado teor de matéria orgânica nos reservatórios situados no início da cascata, além do nitrogênio e fósforo e metais potencialmente biodisponíveis. Elevadas concentrações de nutrientes nitrogenados e fosfatados, material em suspensão (orgânico e inorgânico) e clorofila-a, foram observadas nas amostras de água, o que permitiu classificar os reservatórios como eutróficos, mesotróficos e oligotróficos, de acordo com sua posição no sistema bem como do período amostrado. As concentrações de alguns dos metais encontrados na água estiveram acima do permitido pela Resolução CONAMA (20/96), considerando-se os períodos em estudo. Quanto às relações bióticas, foram obtidas através do índice de Diversidade (H'), da equitabilidade, a qual foi. (Continuação) Entre os Tubificidae, a espécie Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi e Limnodrilus udekemianus ocorreram em considerável dominância numérica no período de estudo. A Família Chironomidae, foi representada pelos gêneros Goeldichiromus e Coelotanypus e o grupo Mollusca pelo gênero, Haylacostoma e espécie Melanoides tuberculatus (Thiaridae), Corbicula fluminea (Corbiculidae), o gênero Biomphalaria (Planorbidae) e o gênero Lymnaea collumela, (Lymnaiidae). Quanto à Família Naididade foi representada pelas espécies (Prístina americana, Dero nívea, Dero digitata e Allonais chelata), pela família Alluroididae (Brinkhurstia americanus) e pela Família Opistocystidae (Opistocysta funiculus). Os testes de toxicidade com Chironomus xanthus confirmaram os resultados obtidos através das análises físicas e químicas, conferindo características de impactados aos reservatórios situados no início da cascata (Barra Bonita, Bariri e Ibitinga) e aos tributários (Tietê, Piracicaba e Bauru) moderadamente poluídos aos reservatórios intermediários (reservatório de Nova Avanhandava e Promissão) e, com ausência de poluição, o Reservatório de Três Irmãos, situado no final da cascata. Os resultados decorrem dos usos e ocupação do solo, atividades antropogênicas na Bacia Hidrográfica, do aporte de materiais para o sistema na qual se inserem os rios e os reservatórios estudados.

Roger, J. n.d.. Mollusques fossiles et subfossiles du Bassin du lac Rodolphe. Mission Scientifique du l'Omo (1932 1933) 1(2).

Rolle, H. 1908. Zur fauna von West Sumatra. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 40:63 70.

Corbicula fluminalis is reported from near Padang Pangjang, western Sumatra.

Rolle, H. and W. Kobelt. 1897. Iconographie der Land  und S:usswasser  Mollusken mit vor z:uglicher ber:ucksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. Supplement Band I.

Rosen, O. 1914. Katalog der Schalentragenden Mollusken des Kaukasus. Tiflis Mittheilungen der Kaukasus Museum 6:141 252.

Ross, C. P. 1922. Geology of the lower Gila region, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 129 H:183 197.

Rossm:assler, E. A. 1895 1897. Iconographie der Land  und S:usswasser  Mollusken, Neue Folge. Erster Supplement Band (Wiesbaden).

Roth, J. R. 1855. Spicilegium molluscorum orientalium annis 1852 et 1853 collectorum. Malakozoologische Blätter 2:17 58.

Ruhl, P. M. and K. E. Smith. 1996. Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia trace elements in Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) soft tissues and redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) livers, 1992-93. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (Reston, Virginia). U.S.G.S. Open File Report 96-334.

Rusconi, C. 1945. Presencia de Mollucos en el terciario de Cacheuta, Mendoza. Boletin Paleontologico de Buenos Aires 18:1 2.

Descriptions are given of the stratigraphy of a local deposit in Argentina, containing Tertiary remains which seem to be Corbicula sp. and Cyrena sp.

Rusconi, C. 1949. Acerca del permico Nechallaia minor y otras especes. Revista del Museo de Historia Natural de Mendoza 3(4):231 236.

Corbicula bayensis sp. nov. is described (p. 236) from North of Cerro Bay, Bayense Horizon, Upper Permian of Argentina. Neochallia gen nov. is established for Challia minor Rusconi, and the type species is redescribed from additional material. Challia multidentata sp. nov., Upper Permian, is described from part of a cranium. ?Amblypterus lujaensis sp. nov., Middle Triassic, is described from scales.

Rusconi, C. 1949. Los molluscos miocenicos de Cacheuta, Mendoza. Revista del Museo de Historia Natural de Mendoza 3(4):237 239.

Russell, L. S. 1976. Pelecypods of the Hell Creek Formation (uppermost Cretaceous) of Garfield County, Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 13:365 388. [English with English and French summaries]

The Hell Creek formation of eastern Montana, which forms the top of the Cretaceous section, contains in addition to a rich vertebrate fauna a distinctive assemblage of pelecypods, made up of three species of Plesielliptio, one of Rhabdotophorus, two of Plethobasus, one of Quadrula, nine of Proparreysia, one of Obovaria? one of Corbicula (Corbicula cf. subelliptica [Meek and Hayden]), and one of Sphaerium. Many of the species show distinctive ornamentation, analogous to that of living Unionacea in the Mississippi drainage. There is some community of species with the faunas of the Lance and Black Buttes formations of Wyoming, less with older Cretaceous assemblages, and none with the abundant molluscs of the Paleocene Fort Union formations.

Russell Hunter, W. D. 1983. Overview: Planetary distribution of and ecological constraints upon the Mollusca. IN: The Mollusca, Vol. 6, Ecology, W. D. Russell Hunter, Ed. Academic Press (New York). pp 1 27.

A brief review of the biology and ecology of Corbicula fluminea as described by papers contained in this volume.

Rutot, A. 1897. Les origines de quaternaire de la Belgique. Bulletin de Société Belge Geologie 11:1 40.

Rutot, A. 1900. Note sur la position stratigraphique de la Corbicula fluminalis dans le coucher quaternaire de la bassin anglo franco belge. Mémoirs de Société Belge Geologie 14:1 24.

Rutot, A. 1900. Note sur la position stratigraphique de la Corbicula fluminalis dans le coucher quaternaire de la Basse et Moyenne Belgique. Bulletin de Société Royal Malacologique de Belgique 20:3 7.

Corbicula fluminalis in Oostend borings does not occur in situ, or in living orientation.

Rutot, A. 1910. Sur la decouverte de Corbicula fluminalis á Hofstade. Bulletin Academie Royal Belgique Science 7:163 169.