Corbicula an annotated bibliography 1774 2005

When Corbicula japonica is immersed in a suitable concentration of ammoniated sea water during the spawning season, it begins to spawn without the stimulation of temperature.

Sakai, H., K. Kamiyama, S.-R. Jeon and M. Amio. 1994. Nihon-san shijimi-zoku 3 shu no identeki ruienkankei [Genetic relationships among three species of freshwater bivalves genus Corbicula (Colbiculidae) in Japan]. Nihon Suisan Gakkai shi/Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Tokyo 60(5):605-610. [Japanese with English summary]

Seven populations from 3 species of corbiculid freshwater bivalves in Japan, Corbicula leana (triploid), C. sandai (diploid) and C. japonica (diploid) were electrophoretically analyzed at 12 isozyme coding loci. C. leana populations had monomorphically the same allele as the most (11 loci) or the second most (one loci) frequently observed allele of C. sandai at all loci analyized. The allelic displacement was seen at 6 loci between C. japonica and the other two species. It was supposed from the dendrogram of Nei's D value that the lacustrine C. sandai had first speciated from the brackish C. japonica and then the fluvial C. leana had derived from C. sandai through triploidization.

Salisbury, A. E. and B. B. Woodward. 1926. Note on the misidentification by Handley of M:ullerian species of Corbicula with the Cardium virgineum of Linne. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 17(2 3):102.

The specimens of Corbicula fluminea referred to Cardium virgineum by Hanley, from the Linnean collections are properly identified as a composite of Corbicula fluminea and Corbicula fluminalis stuck to a single tablet. It is noted that Linne received specimens of these corbiculan species from O. F. Müller.

Saloom, M. E. and R. S. Duncan. 2005. Low dissolved oxygen levels reduce anti-predation behaviours of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea. Freshwater Biology 50(7):1233-1238.

When dissolved oxygen levels decline in aquatic systems, prey may be unable to maintain behaviours protecting them from predators. The authors examined how oxygen availability affected anti-predator responses in the freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea. When attacked, bivalves protect their soft tissues by closing their protective valves. This reduces vulnerability to small predators, but ventilation and oxygen uptake are suspended. It was found that after a simulated attack, clams under low oxygen conditions reopened their valves sooner than clams under high oxygen conditions, suggesting that hypoxia increases vulnerability to predation. Bivalves may also evade predators through burial into the substratum. Deeper burial confers greater refuge from predators, but increases the costs of ventilation. In a second experiment, the effect of oxygen availability on burial depth of C. fluminea was studied. Additionally, an examination was made of whether clams changed burial depth following a simulated attack by a small predator, and whether this response was affected by oxygen availability. The results offered partial support for the hypothesis that burial depth is reduced under hypoxic conditions, but the simulated attack did not affect burial depth in any oxygen treatments.

Samaan, A. A., A. F. A. Ghobashy and S. M. Aboul Ezz. 1989. The benthic fauna of Lake Burollus. 1. Community composition and distribution of the total fauna. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (Egypt), Cairo 15(1):217-224.

Quantitative estimation of benthic macro fauna was carried out monthly in Lake Burollus, Egypt during the period January, 1978 - December 1979. The community comprised eleven species and was dominated by Chaetogaster limnaei, Corophium volutator, Gammarus lacustris, Mesanthura sp. and Corbicula consobrina. The highest biomass of benthos appeared in the western sector of the Lake due to the increased weights of the bivalve Corbicula consobrina and it decreased gradually eastwards. Regarding the seasonal variations, the maximum persistence of benthos in the eastern and middle sectors was in spring of 1978, while this was shifted to the summer in the western Lake. The average annual values of the total bottom fauna amounted to 440 organisms/m² with 13.7 gm fresh wt/m² in 1978, decreased to 310 organisms/m² and 6.1 gm fresh wt/m² in 1979.

Samaan, A. A., A. F. A. Ghobashy and S. M. Aboul Ezz. 1989. The benthic fauna of Lake Burollus. 2. Distribution and periodicity of different species. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (Egypt), Cairo 15(2):19-29.

The distribution and periodicity of the different species of benthic fauna in Lake Burollus, Egypt were discussed. The oligochaete Chaetogaster limnae was numerically the most dominant bottom dweller particularly during summer. The polychaete Nereis limnicola was confined to the eastern lake with its maximum persistence in winter and autumn. The amphipod Corophium volutator appeared more frequent in the middle sector in areas devoid of hydrophytes, while Gammarus lacustris was dominant around the lake-sea connection. The maximum abundance of these 2 species was in spring. The isopod Mesanthura sp. predominated the middle and western sectors particularly during summer. The mysidacean Mysis relicta was infrequently observed both in the plankton and bottom samples. The mollusc Corbicula consobrina contributed over 87% of the total benthos biomass. Its highest counts appeared in the western sector with no peculiar season for maximum abundance. The other molluscs namely; Cerastoderma (Cardium) edule, Neritina nilotica and Melanoides tuberculata were infrequent or scarcely met. The chironomus larvae (Tendipes tentans) showed their maximum persistence in the eastern Lake particularly during winter.

Sanborn, J. R. and C. C. Yu. 1973. The fate of delidrin in a model ecosystem. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 10:340 346.

The fate and concentration of delidrin in water and organisms (including Uca minax, Corbicula manilensis, Physa sp., and Elodea sp.) were determined.

Sandberger, F. 1863. Die Conchylien der Mainzer Teriarkeckens. C. W. Kreidel (Wiesbaden). 458 pp.

Sandberger, F. 1870 1875. Die Land  und S:usswasserconchylien der Vorwelt. (Wiesbaden).

Sandberger, F. 1880 1881. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der unterpleistoc:anen Schichten Englands. Palaeontographica (Cassel) 27:82 104.

Sanders, L. 2001. A Natural focus with Laurie Sanders. 22 videotaped programs. Environmental Media Corporation (Port Royal, South Carolina).

Series includes programs on the Connecticut River ecosystem concerning: Connecticut River history; What is a watershed?; Water quality; River islands; Dinosaur tracks; Holyoke rang; Freshwater mussels; Riverbank community; Shad; Floodplain forests; Eagles; Sturgeon; Corbicula clam; Saltmarshes; Saltmarshes restoration/Phragmites; Griswold Point; Ospreys; Rich Mesic woods; Vernal pools; Timber rattlesnakes; Pitch pine barrens; and Water chestnuts.

Sandground, J. H. and C. Bonne. 1940. Echinostoma lindoensis n. sp., a new parasite of man in the Celebes with an account of its life history and epidemiology. American Journal of Tropical Medicine 20(4):511 533.

Heavy infections with Echinostomus lindoensis were observed in a large percentage of the people of Lake Lindoe (Lindu) in the central celebes. Infection is contracted by eating Corbicula lindoensis. The primary molluscan host is Anisus sarasinorum. Stages in the parasites life history are described. Although sought, no definitive hosts other than man was found to be naturally infected by E. lindoensis.

Sappington, K. G. 1987. Toxicological, physiological, and behavioral responses of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula sp., to biocidal and copper perturbations. Master of Science Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia). xii + 119 pp.

Sarakinos, H. C., M. L. Johnson and M. J. Van der Zanden. 2002. A synthesis of tissue-preservation effects on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. Canadian Journal of Zoology/Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 80(2):381-387.

Stable-isotope analysis is a powerful method for characterizing flows of mass and energy through ecosystems. Long-term food-web studies using stable isotopes are valuable but rare because the required samples are not readily available. We examine the feasibility of using preserved specimens from natural-history collections as a source of long-term data for food-web studies and test whether chemical preservation affects the stable-isotope signature of tissues. We experimentally determined the effects of tissue preservation and fixation with 75% ethanol and 10% formalin, respectively, on δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of three aquatic consumers: Sacramento sucker, Catostomus occidentalis, Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, and a caddisfly, Hydropsyche sp. Using both our results and previously published literature results, we characterize preservation effects across many different consumer taxa including invertebrates, fish, and birds. Overall, only formalin fixation systematically affected isotope signature, causing an average depletion of 1.65ppt in δ¹³C, a bias that can easily be corrected for prior to interpreting data. Preservation affected mean δ¹⁵N values with far lower frequency and magnitude, although variability increased with preservation for some taxa but not others. These findings suggest that preserved specimens may be used for stable-isotope analysis and open up the possibility of using archived collections to reconstruct food webs and biogeochemical changes at scales of tens to hundreds of years.

Sarasin, P. and F. Sarasin. 1898. Materialien zur Naturgeschichte der Insel Celebes. Band 1: Die S:usswasser Mollusken von Celebes. C. W. Kreidel (Wiesbaden). 102 pp.

Corbicula matannensis sp. nov. is described (p. 92) and figured (Pl. 11, figs. 158 160) from Lake Matanna, Celebes.

Sato, N., K. Ishikawa, S. Suzuki, K. Takatsuki and K. Sakai. 1981. Identification of 2 4 6 tri chlorophenyl  4' nitrophenyl ether chloromethoxynil and 2–3–4–6–tetra– chlorophenyl  4' nitrophenyl ether in Corbicula: studies on residual di phenyl ether herbicides in foods: 1. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan 22(1):50 55.

Three unknown peaks were found on electron capture detector (ECD) gas chromatograms of n hexane extracts from Corbicula, appearing closely after organochlorine pesticides. These three substances were purified by silver nitrate coated florisil column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Two were identified as CNP (2,4,6,   chlorophenyl   4' nitrophenyl ether) and chlromethoxynil (2,4   dichlorophenyl   3'   methoxy 4'  nitrophenyl ether) which were used as rice paddy herbicides in Japan. The other constituent was suspected from its mass spectrum to be a diphenyl ether derivative with 4 Cl atoms and a nitro group. It was later identified as TCNP (2,3,4,6   tetrachlorophenyl   4'   nitrophenyl ether) as a result of two synthetic reactions: chlorination of CNP and a coupling reaction of 2,3,4,6   tetrachlorophenol and 1   fluro   4   nitrobenzine. TCNP is present in commercial CNP herbicide and is presumably a byproduct of CNP synthesis.

Satyamurti, S. T. 1960. The land and freshwater Mollusca in the collection of the Madras Government Museum. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum (Natural History Series) 6(4):1 174.

Sauer, J. S. 1997. Annual status report, 1993: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Vol. 17(1). Report 97-P001.

Contains reports concerning the biology and aquatic ecology of the Mississippi River. Included are discussions of aquatic habitats, Corbicula, mayflies, Chironomidae, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Pisiidae monitoring, Pisidiidae monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. 1997. Annual status report, 1994: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Vol. 19(1). Report 97-P002.

Contains reports concerning the biology and aquatic ecology of the Mississippi River. Included are discussions of aquatic habitats, Corbicula, mayflies, Chironomidae, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Pisiidae monitoring, Pisidiidae monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. 1997. Annual status report, 1995: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Vol. 18(1). Report 97-P003.

Contains reports concerning the biology and aquatic ecology of the Mississippi River. Included are discussions of aquatic habitats, Corbicula, mayflies, Chironomidae, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Pisiidae monitoring, Pisidiidae monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. 1997. Annual status report, 1995: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Vol. 18(1). Report 97-P004.

Contains reports concerning the biology and aquatic ecology of the Mississippi River. Included are discussions of aquatic habitats, Corbicula, mayflies, Chironomidae, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Pisiidae monitoring, Pisidiidae monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. 1998. Spatial Patterns of Macroinvertebrates on the Upper Mississippi River System. U.S. Geological Survey (Onalaska Wisconsin) Environmental Management Technical Center. AD-a338 013. 2 pp.

The most widespread annual collections of benthic (bottom dwelling) macroinvertebrates in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) are now being made as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP). Long-term monitoring is necessary to better understand the conditions needed to support viable macroinvertebrate populations at levels adequate to sustain native fish and migrating waterfowl. In 1992, the long-term monitoring of select taxa began in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26 and the Open River Reach of the Upper Mississippi River and in La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and Asiatic clams (Corbicula sp.) were first selected for sampling, followed by midges (Chironomidae) in 1993, and zebra mussels (Dreissenapolymorpha) in 1995.

Sauer, J. S. 1998. Temporal Analyses of Select Macroinvertebrates in the Upper Mississippi River System, 1992-1995. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Report LTRMP-98-T001. [Also NTIS PB98140874].

The annual variability in mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and midges (Chironomidae) in six study areas of the Upper Mississippi River System from 1992 to 1995 was examined. Spatial distribution is also discussed for these organisms along with the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Sample allocation within each reach was based on a stratified random design where strata were aquatic areas. No significant linear trends across years were found in estimated reachwide mean number of organisms. However, the overall test for differences in intercepts among study areas was statistically significant (P <; 0.05) for mayflies, fingernail clams, and midges. No statistical differences in trend slopes among reaches were detected. In 1993, the estimated mean density of fingernail clams in Pool 13 was 35 times that found in other study areas. Overall, impounded aquatic areas and silt clay sustrates supported higher numbers of the select macroinvertebrates.

Sauer, J. S. 1998. Annual Status Report, 1997: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). Vol. 17(1). Report LTRMP-98-P004. [Also NTIS PB98138787].

In 1992, macroinvertebrate sampling was initiated in Pools, 4, 8, 13, 26, and the Open River reach of the Mississippi River, and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. This report summarizes the 1997 macroinvertebrate sampling. Long-term monitoring is needed to detect population trends and local changes in aquatic ecosystems. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and the exotic Corbicula species were selected for monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. 1999. Annual Status Report, 1998: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (La Crosse, Wisconsin), Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Report AD-a366 994. 32 pp.

In 1992, macroinvertebrate sampling was initiated in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26, and the Open River reach of the Mississippi River, and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Long-term monitoring is needed to detect population trends and local changes in aquatic ecosystems. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and the exotic Corbicula species were selected for monitoring. Midges (chironomidae) were added to the sampling design in 1993 and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were added in 1995. Mayflies, fingernail clams, and midges, members of the soft-substrate community, were chosen because they play an important ecological role in the Upper Mississippi River System. Sampling was based on a stratified random design and was conducted at approximately 125 sites per study area. Mean densities of taxa were weighted by strata for extrapolation purposes.

Sauer, J. S. 2000. Annual status report, 1999: Macroinvertebrate Sampling. Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (La Crosse, Wisconsin). Report 00-P002. vii+21 pp.

Contains reports concerning the biology and aquatic ecology of the Mississippi River. Included are discussions of aquatic habitats, benthic animals, Corbicula, mayflies, Chironomidae, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Pisiidae monitoring, Pisidiidae monitoring.

Sauer, J. S. and K. S. Lubinski. n.d. Spatial Patterns of Macroinvertebrates on the Upper Mississippi River System. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Management Technical Center (Onalaska, Wisconsin). NTIS ADA3380136.

The most widespread annual collections of benthic (bottom dwelling) macroinvertebrates in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) are now being made as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP). Long-term monitoring is necessary to better understand the conditions needed to support viable macroinvertebrate populations at levels adequate to sustain native fish and migrating waterfowl. In 1992, the long- term monitoring of select taxa began in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26 and the Open River Reach of the Upper Mississippi River and in La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and Asiatic clams (Corbicula sp.) were first selected for sampling, followed by midges (Chironomidae) in 1993, and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in 1995.ological Survey, Onalaska, WI. Environmental Management Technical Center.

Scarlato, O. A. and Ya. I. Starobogatov. 1978. New data for constructing a system of classification for the Bivalvia. Malacological Review 11:65 66.

Three suborders are recognized for Order Venerida: Cardiina Fischer, 1887; Venerina H. and A. Adams, 1856; and Myina Stolickza, 1870. The suborder Venerina includes form with the arctoid (cyprinoid) or corbiculoid (= cyrenoid) dentition, which is sometimes partially or completely reduced, the major typhlosole, without a spirally twisted free end, greatly approximated gastric caeca (they are twice as close to each other than to the entrance to the midgut), and with united lumens of the midgut and style sac (superfamilies Arcticoidea, Kellielloidea, Gaimardioidea, Glossoidea, Corbiculoidea, Veneroidea, and Pleurodesmatoidea).

Scarlato, O. A. and Ya. I. Starobogatov. 1978. General evolutionary patterns and the system of class Bivalvia. IN: Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny of Molluscs, Ya. I. Starobogatov, Ed. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. (Leningrad) 80:1 38.

See above.

Scheide and T. H. Dietz. 1984. The effects of calcium on serotonin  stimulated adenylate cyclase in freshwater mussels. Biological Bulletin 166:594 607.

When serotonin (5 HT) is added to a pondwater bath (final concentration 10< 4< M/L) containing freshwater mussels (including Corbicula fluminea), sodium influx is rapidly stimulated, as are behavioral responses. Serotonin also stimulates adenylate cyclase (AC) in gill homogenate pellets from two different freshwater bivalve families, suggesting that a serotonin cAMP system is associated with control of Na transport and that this system may be common in many ion regulating mussel species. Adenylate cyclase activity was detected in several tissues of Ligumia subrostrata; the highest activity being observed in the foot. Endogenous calcium depressed the AC activity measured under basal, 5 HT, and dopamine stimulated conditions; the reduced enzyme activity was most pronounced in the monoamine stimulated preparations. AC activity of the crude homogenate pellet was significantly lower than a purified pellet formed by an additional 100 x g centrifugation prior to a 3000 x g centrifugation. Exogenous calcium (2.5 mM/L) inhibited monoamine stimulated AC activity about 50%. Calcium concentrations exist in gill tissue and may influence the observed AC activity by increasing the protein measure or increasing the calcium concentration. Prostaglandin E₂ had no effect on basal of 5 HT stimulated AC activities in the purified pellet. Although phosphodiesterase and non specific phosphatase activities were high in the supernatant, their activities in the homogenate pellet were low and had little effect on the AC activity measurements.

Scheller, J. J., M. M. Yeager and D. S. Cherry. 1996. Impact of ammonia produced during dieoffs of the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) on freshwater mussels. 17th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Washington, D.C., 17-21 November.

Scheller, J. L. 1997. The effect of dieoffs of Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) on native freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Master of Science Thesis, University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg).

There is a great deal of concern about the declining freshwater mussel fauna of North America. Although deteriorating water quality and habitat degradation may account for much of the decline, it has been suggested that the exotic Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, may be having an effect on native unionids. Negative impacts may result directly from competition or indirectly, because of Corbicula population crashes that release ammonia and reduce dissolved oxygen in the sediment. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the relative sensitivity of native mussel and Asian clam life stages to unionized ammonia, and mussel glochidia were the most sensitive (24-hr LC50 of 0.11 mg/L NH3-N). Juvenile and adult mussels were similarly sensitivity, with average 96-hr LC₅₀'s of 0.49 and 0.52 mg/L NH₃-N, respectively. Adult C. fluminea were the least sensitive, having an average LC₅₀ of 0.80 mg/L NH₃-N. The EPA standard test organism, Ceriodaphnia dubia, had one of the lowest LC₅₀'s (0.07 mg/L NH₃-N) of the five species, and the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, had the highest (1.18 mg/L). The differing sensitivities of the various life stages are important when trying to determine the impact of an Asian clam dieoff. If a dieoff occurs at a time of year when the more sensitive life stages, such as glochidia are present, then the impact on mussel recruitment may be greater. Two miniature artificial stream tests were used to determine the effect of clam density on dieoff rate, ammonia production and dissolved oxygen levels. Only clams at the highest density of 10,000/m² experienced 100% mortality. Unionized ammonia levels exceeded 4.0 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen levels dropped below 1.0 mg/L during the dieoff. The amount of unionized ammonia produced was twofold greater than the concentration that produced an LC₅₀ in adult C. fluminea and 40 times greater than the LC₅₀ for V. iris glochidia. Factors thought to have contributed to the C. fluminea dieoff were flow rate, low dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and perhaps ammonia. A complete dieoff did not occur until flow was stopped and dissolved oxygen concentrations began to drop. One-hundred percent mortality occurred in 38 days for the first test, and 21 days in the second test. Higher water temperatures in the first test (26 ±^oC) compared to the second test (average = 21.7^oC) are thought to have resulted in the faster dieoff. (see: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/public/etd-52297-202145/etd-title.html)

Schepman, M. M. 1880. Mollusca.