Corbicula an annotated bibliography 1774 2005

Sinclair, R. M. and W. M. Ingram. l96l. A new record for the Asiatic clam in the United States, the Tennessee River. The Nautilus 74(3):114 118.

Sinclair, R. M. and B. G. Isom. l96l. A Preliminary Report on the Introduced Asiatic Clam Corbicula in Tennessee. Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board, Tennessee Department of Public Health. 3l pp.

The growth, size and form, color and pattern, and identification and variation of Corbicula fluminea in the Tennessee River system is presented. A review of the reproduction and life history, ecology, food and feeding, associated fauna, nuisance aspects, introduction and spread, the relationships between mussel species and carbonate hardness, molluscicides, and common predators are also presented.

Sinclair, R. M. and B. G. Isom. l96l. Asiatic clam a menace to industry. Shells and Their Neighbors 5:4.

Sinclair, R. M. and B. G. Isom. l963. Further Studies on the Introduced Asiatic Clam (Corbicula) in Tennessee. Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board, Tennessee Department of Public Health. v + 76 pp.

The introduced Asiatic clam (Corbicula) was first taken in the Western hemisphere from the north bank of the Columbia River in l938. By l957 it began to spread into the Ohio River basin and is now found over virtually the entire Tennessee River and lower Cumberland basins. Populations from scattered locations in the Ohio Basin and comparative populations from California and Arizona were examined for the purpose of working out the life history details, the pertinent taxonomy, and control measures.

All specimens examined from the Ohio River Basin belong to one species based on sexuality and life history, and are placed in the synonymy of Corbicula manilensis together with Corbicula manilensis together with Corbicula leana, Corbicula javanica and Corbicula vicina. The application of chlorine has been found to be effective as an in plant control measure when used during the spawning season.

Sinha, R. K. and N. K. Das. 1993. Taxonomy in the study of water pollution. Environment and Ecology 11(2):412-418.

For biological monitoring of the water quality of the river Ganga, the benthic macroinvertebrates from the river were collected and identified at three different stations in different zones of the river continuously for one year from March 1985 to Feb 1986. Altogether 31 species of the benthic macroinvertebrates were identified out of which three were Polychaeta, four Oligochaeta, six Insecta, eight Pelecypoda and 10 Gastropoda. One species of Polychaeta, Namalycastis indica; four Oligochaeta, Tubifex tubifex, Nais simplex, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Branchiura sowerbyi, three Insecta, Chironomus sp., Psychoda sp. and Gomplus sp. and five Gastropoda, Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Indoplanorbis exustus, Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata, and Thiara (Thiara) scabra were confined to the heavily polluted zone of the river whereas Corbicula striatella, Corbicula bensoni and ephemeropteran larvae were present only in the lowest pollution zone of the river. Monthly variations of the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H) for the benthic macroinvertebrates were also recorded at the three stations. The index (H^-) as station II varied from 0.105 to 1.2 and indicated severely polluted zone. The range of H^- from 0.63 to 2.44 at station III indicated mild pollution and the range of 0.77 to 2.64 at station I, showed relatively low load of pollutants.

Siripattrawan, S. 2002. Chromosomes, reproduction and genetic relationships of introduced 'Asiatic clams' (Corbicula) in North America. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). [see also Dissertation Abstracts International Part B: Science and Engineering 62(10):4416. 2002.]

Several different kinds of exotic bivalves have been introduced into North America during the twentieth century, including one or more species of the freshwater Asiatic clam, Corbicula. These prolific aquatic mollusks are important pests in freshwater habitats in North America, causing serious mechanical problems in industrial and domestic water systems. Further, these mollusks possibly may be significant factors in the extinction of some species of native North American freshwater mollusks. Although the exotic freshwater clam Corbicula has been the topic of considerable study in North America, its systematic status had remained unresolved. Opinion has been divided as to whether two species or only a single, highly variable species exist on the continent. Corbicula classification has been complicated by the pronounced variation in shell shape, sculpture and color which some of the species seem to exhibit, some of which may be ecophenotypic in origin. Specific mitochondrial genotypes of Corbicula Form A and Form B were discovered in North America that differed by 16 nucleotide substitutions and were respectively identical to haplotypes encountered in Japanese triploid androgenetic C. leana Prime, 1864, and to Korean triploid C. fluminea (Müller, 1774). A single-species model has been proposed for global freshwater members of this genus. However, it is now clear that Asian freshwater Corbicula lineages are developmentally and genetically heterogeneous. The two haplotypic identities of Asian/North American Corbicula are congruent with karyological results. Karyological studies of this research showed that both North American haplotypes (Form A and Form B) are triploid, with chromosome numbers 54 (3n = 54). Both forms are hermaphroditic and produce biflagellate sperm, as in ameiotic triploid Asian lineages (Japanese C. leana and Korean C. fluminea). Furthermore, since there is no evidence of meiotic divisions, the North American populations are likely to be androgenetic also.

Siripattrawan, S., J.-K, Park and D. O. Foighil. 2000. Two lineages of the introduced Asian freshwater clam Corbicula occur in North America. Journal of Molluscan Studies 66(3):423-429.

Skidmore, J. F. and I. C. Firth. 1984. Prediction of the toxicity of copper to Australian freshwater animals. IN: Freshwater Biological Monitoring, Proceedings of a Specialized Conference Held in Cardiff, U.K., 12 14 September 1984, D. Pascoe and R. W. Edwards, Eds. Pergamon Press (Oxford). pp. 93 101.

The prediction of the toxic effects of copper using Corbicula (Corbiculina) australis is presented.

Skilbeck, C. G. l981. A preliminary report on the last Cainozoic geology and fossil fauna of Bow, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales l04(3):l7l l82.

Several entire and fragmentary shells (including Corbicula sp.) have been recovered from the Bow fossil deposits. They also occur in the terrace deposits associated with the modern Bow Creek.

Slodkewitsch, W. S. l938. Tretichnye Peletsipody Dal'nego Vostokai. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Paleontological Institute, Vol. l0, Part 3, No. l8. 508 pp.

Corbicula fonsata sp. nov. and Corbicula kovatschensis are described.

Smetany, V. l934. Corbicula fluminalis a fauna trebestovicke terasy v Cilci u Nymburka. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Akademie Praha 43:3 4.

Smith, A. L., R. A. Muia, J. P. Farkas and D. O. Bassett. l979. Clams   a growing threat to inplant water systems. Plant Engineering 33:l65 l67.

An account of the spread of Corbicula across the United States. Industrial problems, control methods, and monitoring programs are discussed and a brief review of Corbicula's life cycle is presented.

Smith, B. J. l972. Victorian nonmarine mollusks number ll. Victorian Naturalist 89(ll):3l4.

Smith, D. C., M. A. Gates, A. R. Gibson, R. A. Krebs, M. J. S. Tevesz and B. M. Walton. 1999. A survey of freshwater mussels in the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area. Ohio Journal of Science 99(1):A-8 [also: 42nd Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research, Cleveland, Ohio, 24-28 May 1999:103 – A-104.]

Native mussels (Mollusca:Bivalvia:Unionidae) are vanishing more rapidly than any other group of animals in the United States. This unfortunate decline of freshwater mussels creates urgency for an accurate assessment of the biological status of this group within the Cuyahoga River Watershed. Previous studies have identified 9 species of native mussels in the upper reaches of the Cuyahoga, but virtually no information was available on the Unionidae of the lower Cuyahoga and its tributaries. The primary aim of this study was to collect baseline data on the distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels within the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area(CVNRA). Visual surveys of the Cuyahoga River, tributaries, and ponds within the CVNRA began in Summer 1997 and were continued through Fall 1998. Thriving populations of the Giant Floater, Pyganodon grandis, and the Lilliput, Toxolasma parvus, were found within park boundaries. Unexpectedly, these populations were primarily encountered in ponds and the Ohio Canal, but not in the Cuyahoga River itself. Shell evidence does suggest the presence of several species within the Cuyahoga; however, the biological status of these mussels has yet to be determined. In addition, the survey provided information on the distribution and abundance of fingernail and pea clams, as well as the introduced Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea.

Smith, E., D. Williams, G. Anderson, and W. Rotz. 1979. Pilot Water Quality Monitoring Study, San Francisco Bay and Delta. Final Report. NTIS No. AD A076518/0. 174 pp.

Smith, E. A. l877. On the shells of Lake Nyassa, and on a few marine species from Mozambique. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London l877:712 722.

Cyrena astartina von Martens is reported from Tette, Zambezi River and Lake Nyassa. Cyrena (Corbicula) radiata Parreyss is also reported from Lake Nyassa and is regarded as a Nilotic species.

Smith, E. A. l88l. On a collection of shells from Lake Tanganyika and Nyassa and other localities in East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London l88l:276 300.

Shells which appear to be varieties of Cyrena (Corbicula) radiata Parreyss are reported from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyassa. They are compared with each other and with species from the White Nile River.

Smith, E. A. l882. On the freshwater shells of Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society   Zoology (London) l6:255 3l8.

Smith, E. A. l882. A contribution of the molluscan fauna of Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London l882:375 389.

Smith, E. A. l89l. Remarks on the molluscan fauna of British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London l89l:309 3l0.

Smith, E. A. l892. On the shells of the Victoria Nyanza or Lake Oukerewe. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Sixth Series, No. 56, l0:123 136.

Smith, E. A. l900. A list of a small collection of shells from China. Journal of Malacology 7(7):157 161.

Smith, E. A. l90l. The Mollusca of Lake Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6(2):77 l04.

Smith, E. A. l906. Zoological results of the Third Tanganyika Expedition, conducted by Dr. W. A. Cunnington, l904 l905. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London l:l80 l86.

Smith, E. A. l908. On the Mollusca of Birket El Qurun, Egypt. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 8:9 11.

Smith, K. E. and P. M. Ruhl. 1995. Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia organochlorine compounds in Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) soft tissues and whole redbrest sunfish (Lepomis auritus) 1992-93. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (Reston, Virginia). U.S.G.S. Open File Report 96-201. 6 pp.

Smith, M. E. and G. A. Lanfair. 1994. Effects of preservatives on wet-weight biomass of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea. The Nautilus 108(1):25-26.

When sampling C. fluminea, individuals are usually preserved in the field for later laboratory analysis. Preservation can cause changes in wet-weight biomass that affect estimates of population parameters such as standing crop and production. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two common preservatives, 70% ethanol and 10% neutral buffered formalin, on wet-weight biomass of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea.

Smith, M. H., J. C. Britton, P. Burke, R. K. Chesser, M. W. Smith and J. Hagen. l979. Genetic variabiity in Corbicula, an invading species. IN: Proceedings of the First International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, Ed. Texas Christian University Research Foundation (Ft. Worth). pp. 243 248.

Genetic variation was analyzed in nine populations of Corbicula using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. No variation was observed within or between any of the five United States populations collected from California, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee and South Carolina. The Japanese population was the most genetically variable and divergent from the other eight populations. The populations from the United States appear to be about equally related to the Hong Kong and Philippine populations. The Asian populations show variation in at least two and up to l3 of the l8 loci analyzed. Reduced genetic variability in the populations from the United States is probably the result of a series of founding events in the small range front populations that have rapidly extended the range of this species in North America.

Smithson, J. A. l98l. Control and treatment of Asiatic clams in power plant intakes. Proceedings of the American Power Conference 43:ll46 ll5l.

Asiatic clams have successfully been controlled in the condenser cooling water at the Baldwin Power Station with the use of and oxygen scavenger to deplete the oxygen in the bottom of the cribhouse during scheduled outages. Annual treatments prevent invoming larval forms from reaching a size that could plug condenser tubes. The treatment utilizes chemicals that are easily neutralized and cost less than $l000.00 a year for each generating unit. A study of the distribution of clams within the cribhouse suggests problems with Asiatic clams in new intake systems could be reduced by designs than minimize areas where decreases in velocity could occur.

Smithson, J. A. 1986. Development of a Corbicula control treatment at the Baldwin Power Station. IN: Proceedings of the Second International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, Ed. American Malacological Bulletin Special Edition No. 2. pp. 63 67.

A successful treatment was developed to prevent condenser fouling by Corbicula at the Baldwin Power Station. Initially, sodium meta bisulfate (Na₂S₂O₅) was used to create anoxic conditions in the intake basins during scheduled outages. Results were favorable; however, Na₂S₂O₅ may not have been solely responsible for Corbicula mortalities since mortality rates could not have been replicated in controlled laboratory experiments. It was hypothesized that hydrogen sulfide formed during anoxic conditions in the intake basin may have contributed to Corbicula mortalities. Treatments which used Na₂S₂O₅ and H₂S gas proved to be a successful means of Corbicula control. Aeration of the intake basin effectively neutralized the treatment chemicals prior to discharge.

Sokolow, N. 1903. Der Mius Liman und die Entstehungszeit der Limane. Verhandlungen K. Russisch Min. Gesellschaft (Petersburg) 40:35 112.

Solem, A. l97l. Mollusks introduced into North America. The Biologist 53(3):89 92.

The nuisance aspects of the introduction of Corbicula manilensis into United States waters is discussed with notations on the need to continue monitoring the dispersal of these bivalves.

Song, Y. and Y. Huang. 1991. Heavy metal levels in clam (Corbicula fluminea ) from Minjiang River, Fuzhou area. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica/Haiyang Yu Huzhao, Qingdao 22(2):187-190. [Chinese with English summary]

The contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg and As in the soft part of clam (Corbicula fluminea) from Minhiang River, Fuzhou were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results obtained indicate that the metal levels determined are not very high in the clam except for Pb and Cr, which usually exceed the permissible limit for human food. The metal contents in the clam varied with sampling sites. Higher contents always appear near the source of pollution which are coincident with the metal contents in the sediment. This clam is a useful indicator organism for heavy metal monitoring in the Minjiang River.

Sonoda, T., S. Nakao, S. Kiyoshige and S. Chiba. 2003. Macrobenthic community structure of the Tokachi coastal lagoons, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Limnology 64(1):11-20. [Japanese with English summary]

A faunal investigation of the Tokachi coastal land-locked lagoons in Hokkaido, northern Japan was carried out in November 1996 to detect changes in the benthic communities and lagoon environment compared with a study done in 1942, and to examine the relationship between the benthic community structure and lagoon environment. The macrobenthic fauna of these lagoons were composed of species typical of Japanese oligo- and mesohaline brackish-waters. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the community structure and some particular environmental variables, i.e., salinity and sediment particle size, which are the most important proximate factors in the community organization of brackish-water benthic species. The macrobenthic communities and their structural characteristics in the lagoons showed no drastic changes since the 1942 study. However, the low density of the bivalve Corbicula japonica and the distributional changes in the dominant polychaete species in this study indicated the peculiar conditions of these land-locked lagoons that may cause population fluctuations and the occasional dispersal event among the lagoons. The description and recognition of the biodiversity of brackish-water fauna is indispensable to conserve the brackish-water environment, moreover, the knowledge of the characteristics of the habitat structure of brackish-water and of the genetic structure of brackish-water species in recent years calls for new insights in future research.

Soot Ryen, T. l953. New Tertiary pelecypods from Punta Arenas. Arkiv für Zoologie 4(4):307 3l0.

Soucek, D. J., D. S. Cherry, R. J. Currie, H. A. Latimer and G. C. Trent. 2000. Laboratory to field validation in an integrative assessment of an acid mine drainage-impacted watershed. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19(4):1036-1043.

An integrative assessment was conducted in the Puckett's Creek watershed of southwestern Virginia, to investigate the environmental impacts of acid mine drainage (AMD) inputs. Twenty-one sampling stations were categorized into groups based on five degrees of AMD input: (1) none, (2) intermittent acidic/circum-neutral AMD, (3) continuous acidic AMD, (4) continuous circum-neutral AMD, and (5) receiving system stations with at least two levels of dilution. Bioassessment techniques included water/sediment chemistry, benthic macroinvertebrate sampling, laboratory acute water column toxicity testing, laboratory chronic sediment toxicity testing, and in situ toxicity testing with Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea [Müller]). Group 3 stations had significantly altered water chemistry (low pH, high conductivity, and high water column metals) relative to the other groups and significantly higher sediment iron concentrations. Both group 3 and group 4 stations had significantly decreased ephemeroptera-plecoptera-trichoptera richness and percent ephemeroptera abundance relative to unimpacted stations. Group 3 stations also had decreased total taxon richness. Water column toxicity testing was sensitive to AMD impacts, with samples from group 3 stations being significantly more toxic than those from groups 2 and 4, which in turn were more toxic than those from groups 1 and 5. Similar results were observed for in situ toxicity testing. No differences in sediment toxicity test survival and impairment results were observed among the station groups. Stepwise multiple linear regression and simple bivariate correlation analyses were used to select parameters for use in an ecotoxicologic rating system, which was successful in differentiating between two levels of environmental impact relative to stations receiving no AMD input.

Soucek, D. J., T. S. Schmidt and D. S. Cherry. 2001. In situ studies with Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) detect acid mine drainage and nutrient inputs in low-order streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58(3): 602-608.

In situ Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea [Müller]) studies may effectively mirror resident community responses to both acute toxicants and nutrient inputs in low-order streams. Clam survival and growth after 30 days in situ were compared with benthic macroinvertebrate community structural changes caused by acid mine drainage (AMD) and nutrient loading (measured as nitrate) in a small subwatershed of the North Fork Powell River, Virginia, U.S.A. Clam survival distinguished between two different levels of impact due to acidic, neutralized, and intermittent AMD inputs and was positively correlated with water column pH and negatively correlated with conductivity and metal concentrations. Survival was also positively correlated with relative abundance of the order Ephemeroptera, the most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxonomic group to AMD in this system. Clam growth was not related to AMD inputs but was positively correlated with nitrate concentrations and the relative abundance of the collector-filterer functional feeding group. These results suggest that transplanted clam studies accurately reflect benthic macroinvertebrate community responses to multiple stressors from point and nonpoint sources.

Sousa, R., L. Guilhermino and C. Antunes. 2005. Molluscan fauna in the freshwater tidal area of the River Minho Estuary, NW of Iberian Peninsula. Annales de Limnologie 41(2):141-147.

Ten species of molluscs were identified in the freshwater tidal area of the River Minho estuary. Species richness per site ranged from 1 to 9. Abundance ranged from 230 to 4130 individuals per m², with an average of 1412 individuals per m². Corbicula fluminea presented the highest density, corresponding to 88.7% of the total specimens gathered, followed by Pisidium amnicum with 5.8%. Biomass ranged from 17.0 to 249.6 g AFDW m², with an average of 99.8 g AFDW m². C. fluminea was the species dominating the total biomass (95.4%), followed by Bithynia tentaculata with 1.6%. A multivariate analysis revealed a community with two distinct groups: one group almost or exclusively represented by C. fluminea, and another group with a more diverse assemblage.

Sowerby, G. B. l877. Monograph on the genus Cyrena.