Diathesis Oppositions and Verb Morphology. Present and Aorist Systems in Ancient and Modern Greek
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References Alba-Salas, Josep. 2002. Light verb constructions in Romance: A syntactic analysis, Ithaca (NY): Cornell University, PhD Thesis. Allan, Rutger J. 2003. The middle voice in ancient Greek. A study in polysemy, Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben. Ambrosini, Riccardo. 1982. Negatività e senso: accettabilità e non-accettabilità nel passivo dell’italiano attuale. In: Studi di sintassi italiana. Quaderni della cattedra linguistica dell’università di Pisa. Serie monografica III, ed. by Riccardo Ambrosini and Roberto Peroni. Pisa: Pacini, 1-91. Ambrosini, Riccardo. 1996. La diatesi passiva nelle lingue indoeuropee, Pisa: Edizioni ETS. Bakker, Egbert J. 1994. Voice, Aspect and Aktionsart: Middle and Passive in Ancient Greek. In: Voice: Form and Function, ed. by Barbara Fox and Paul J. Hopper. Amsterdam – Philadelphia: Benjamins, 23-47. Benedetti, Marina. 2005. Dispersioni formali del medio indoeuropeo. In: Acquisizione e mutamento di categorie linguistiche. 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Wortbildung der homerischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Berlin – New York: W. de Gruyter. Rix, Helmut. 1976. Historische Grammatik des Griechischen, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Rosen, Carol G. 1982. The Unaccusative Hypothesis and the “Inherent Clitic“ Phenomenon in Italian. In: Papers from the Eighteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, ed. By Kevin Tuite, Robinson Schneider and Robert Chametzky. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society, The University of Chicago, 530-541. Rosen, Carol G. 1984. The Interface between Semantic Roles and Initial Grammatical Relations, in Perlmutter / Rosen (1984), 38-77. Rosen, Carol G. 1988. The Relational Structure of Reflexive Clauses. Evidence from Italian, New York and London: Garland. Ruipérez, Martin S. 1991. Estructura del sistema de aspectos y tiempos del verbo griego antiguo. Análisis functional sincrónico, Madrid: Fundación Pastor de Estudios Clásicos. Schwyzer, Eduard. 1959. Griechische Grammatik. 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In: La morfologia del greco tra tipologia e diacronia, ed. by Ignazio Putzu, Giulio Paulis, Gian Franco Nieddu and Pierluigi Cuzzolin. Milano: Franco Angeli, 512-528. Appendix 1. Examples of correlation between inflectional opposition and passive vs. active syntactic contrast. 1. Present system (a) kaì autḗ hē diôrux panteléōs pepoiēménē aggélleto (Hdt. VII 37) ‘and the canal itself was reported to be now perfectly made’, (b) aggéllei taûta akoúsas ho pulouròs tôi basiléi (Hdt. III 140) ‘When the gate-ward brought word of this to the king’; (a) […] hup’oudenòs adikéetai (Hdt. IV 23) ‘he is wronged by none’, (b) toútous oudeìs adikéei anthrṓpōn (Hdt. IV 23) ‘no man wronged these people’; (a) hoútō mèn hoûtos dikaíōs ainéetai éti kaì es tóde hupò Perséōn (Hdt. VII 107) ‘thus it is that he is justly praised by the Persians to this day’; (b) ainéō mén nun toûton tòn nómon (Hdt. I 137) ‘this is a law which I praise’; (a) […] ou gár pṓ sphin akoúeto laòs aütês (Il. IV 331) ‘for their host had not as yet heard the war-cry’, (b) ô páter, ê toi seîo méga kléos aièn akoúon (Od. XVI 241) ‘father, of a truth I have ever heard of thy great fame’; (a) ēnagkázeto ho Paniṓnios tôn heōutoû paídōn tessérōn eóntōn tà aidoîa apotámnein (Hdt. VIII 106) ‘and he compelled him to castrate all four of them, his own children’, (b) toùs dè aieì ginoménous empodṑn sustrateúesthai ēnágkaze (Hdt. VII 108) ‘he compelled all that he met to go with his army’; (a) apoklēíetai hē Skuthikḕ hupò prṓtōn Agathúrsōn (Hdt. IV 100) ‘Scythia is bounded first by the Agathyrsi’, (b) tà mèn gàr autês pròs tḕn ēô ékhonta tó te Pḗlion óros kaì hē Óssa apoklēíei summísgonta tàs hupōreías allḗloisi (Hdt. VII 129) ‘for on its eastern side it is fenced in by the joining of the lower parts of the mountains Pelion and Ossa’; (a) […] húetai pâsa hē khṓrē tôn Hellḗnōn all’ou potamoîsi árdetai (Hdt. II 13) ‘all the Greek land is watered by rain, and not by river’, (b) […] phàs Aígupton eînai taútēn tḕn ho Neîlos epiṑn árdei (Hdt. II 18) ‘all the land, he said, that the Nile waters in its course was Egypt’; (a) dêla gàr dḕ hóti, ei mḕ autaì eboúlonto, ouk àn hērpázonto (Hdt. I 4) ‘for plainly the women would never have been carried away, had not they themselves wished it’, (b) khōrìs dè toû phórou hḗrpazon perielaúnontes toûto hó ti ékhoien hékastoi (Hdt. I 106) ‘they rode about the land carrying off all men’s possessions’; (a) Aías d’oukét’émimne; biázeto gàr beléessin (Il. XV 727) ‘but Aias no longer held out, for he was hard pressed with darts’, (b) Eurúlokh’ ê mála dḗ me biázete moûnon eónta (Od. XII 297) ‘Eurylochus, verily ye constrain me, who stand alone’; (a) hṑs ára puknà karḗath’huph’Héktori dámnato laôn (Il. XI 309) ‘even so many heads of the host were laid low by Hector’, (b) […] égkhos […] / […] tôi dámnēsi stíkhas andrôn (Od. I 99-100) ‘spear, wherewith she vanquishes the ranks of men’; (a) drágmata […] / álla d’amallodetêres en ellenodanoîsi déonto (Il. XVIII 552-3) ‘while others the binders of sheaves were binding with twisted ropes of straw’, (b) pleíoisí m’en desmoîsi déon […] (Od. XII 196) ‘(they) bound me with yet more bonds’; (a) hottí rá hoi nēôn ep’aristerá dēióōnto / laoì hup’Argeíōn [...] (Il. XIII 675-6) ‘that on the left of the ships his men were being slain by the Argives’, (b) oud’eí hoi propároithen adelpheòn ḕ phílon huiòn / khalkôi dēioôien [...] (Od. IV 225-6) ‘or though before his face men should slay with the sword his brother or dear son’; (a) hoi mèn gàr próteroi diepémponto es pémpton mêna proeréontes sullégesthai es Sárdis (Hdt. I 81) ‘whereas the former envoys had been sent to summon them to muster at Sardis in five months’ time’, (b) poiḗsas dè toûto kḗrukas têi te állēi diépempe (Hdt. III 61) ‘which done, he sent heralds to all parts’; hoútō dè kaì stratòs pollòs hupò olígou diaphtheíretai katà toiónde (Hdt. VII 10) ‘thus a numerous host is destroyed by one that is lesser’, (b) ô basileû, huòs khrêma mégiston anephánē hēmîn en têi khṓrēi, hòs tà érga diaphtheírei (Hdt. I 36) ‘king, a great monster of a boar has appeared in the land, who destroys our fields’; (a) dídotai dé sphi kaì oînos ampélinos (Hdt. II 37) ‘and wine of grapes too is given to them’, (b) dôra mèn oukét’onostà didoîs Akhilêi ánakti (Il. IX 164) ‘the gifts that thou offerest the prince Achilles may no man any more contemn’; (a) hoi dè hirées edikaieûnto (Hdt. III 29) ‘and the priests were punished’, (b) prìn ḕ díkas dôsi tôn epoíēsan taútas tàs àn autòs hélētai kaì dikaioî (Hdt. IX 93) ‘[we will not cease from avenging him ere] you make him such a restitution for what you did as he himself chooses and approves’; (a) en toútōi tôi kairôi hē nēûs hē Artemisíēs ediṓketo hupò neòs Attikês (Hdt. VIII 87) ‘Artemisia’s ship was at this time being pursued by a ship of Attica’, (b) edíōkon toùs Pérsas ithù toû Ístrou (Hdt. IV 136) ‘and they made straight for the Ister in pursuit of the Persians’; (a) dokimázetai mén nun tò ktênos trópōi toiôide (Hdt. II 38) ‘such is the manner of proving the beast’, (b) kaì toútou heíneka dokimázousi autoùs hôde (Hdt. II 38) ‘and therefore they test them thus’; (a) toútōn dè periaggelloménōn hē Asíē edonéeto epì tría étea (Hdt. VII 1) ‘by these messages Asia was shaken for three years’, (b) […] kaì peristḗsantes katà tà aggeîa toùs tuphloùs donéousi tò gála (Hdt. IV 2) ‘and they make their slaves to stad about the buckets and shake the milk’; (a) tóphra gàr oûn bíotón te teòn kaì ktḗmat’édontai (Od. II 123) ‘for so long shall men devour thy livelihood and thy possessions’, (b) hreî’, epeì allótrion bíoton nḗpoinon édousin (Od. I 160) ‘full easily, seeing that without atonement they devour the livelihood of another’; (a) ekphéretai dè ek toû oikḗmatos anà pánta étea (Hdt. II 132) ‘this image is carried out of the chamber once in every year’, (b) tóte ôn kaì tḕn boûn ekphérousi es tò phôs (Hdt. II 132) ‘it is then that they bring out the cow into the light’; (a) hṑs tóte tarpheiaì kóruthes lampròn ganóōsai / nēôn ekphoréonto […] (Il. XIX 359-60) ‘so then thick and fast from the ships were brought out the helmets, bright-gleaming’, (b) […] taì d’ekphóreon kaì anágkēi (Od. XXII 451) ‘and they bore the bodies forth perforce’; (a) [...] hò dè makrà memukṑs / hélketo […] (Il. XVIII 580-1) ‘and he, bellowing mightily, was being dragged by them’, (b) ê mén min perì sêma heoû hetároio phíloio / hélkei akēdéstōs [...] (Il. XXIV 416-7) ‘to be sure (Achilles) drags him ruthlessly about the mound of his dear comrade’; (a) ho nēós te kaì tò khrēstḗrion sulēthénta enepímprato (Hdt. VI 19) ‘the shrine and place of divination were plundered and burnt’, (b) oikḗmata mèn tà epì tôn agrôn oúte katéballe oúte enepímprē (Hdt. I 17) ‘the country dwellings he neither demolished nor burnt’; (a) […] toîon gàr epeígeto khérs’eretáōn (Od. XIII 115) ‘at such pace was she driven by the arms of the rowers’, (b) [...] olígon té min ákhthos epeígei (Il. XII 452) ‘and but little doth the weight thereof burden him’; (a) esthíetaí moi oîkos [...] (Od. IV 318) ‘my home is being devoured’, (b) toùs háma soì pántas pûr esthíei [...] (Il. XXIII 182) ‘all these together with you the flame devours’; (a) ou méntoi és ge tà hirà esphéretai eirínea oudè sugkatatháptetaí sphi (Hdt. II 81) ‘but nothing of wool is brought into temples, or buried with them’, (b) Otánēs mèn dḕ taútēn gnṓmēn eséphere (Hdt. III 81) ‘such was the judgement of Otanes’; (a) kaì gàr líthoi kaì plínthoi kaì xúla kaì phormoì psámmou plḗrees esephoréonto (Hdt. VIII 71) ‘and stones and bricks and logs and crates full of sand were carried to it’, (b) oînón te kaì húdōr esephóreon es autón (Hdt. III 11) ‘they poured into the bowl wine and water’; (a) nûn d’ékhomai kakótēti kaì álgesi […] (Od. VIII 182) ‘but now I am bound by suffering and pains’, (b) [...] sébas m’ékhei eisoróōnta (Od. III 123) ‘amazement holds me as I look on thee’; (a) […] hōs u próteron tháptetai andròs Pérseō ho nékus prìn àn hup’órnithos ḕ kunòs helkusthêi (Hdt. I 140) ‘how the dead bodies of Persians are not buried before they have been mangled by bird or dog’, (b) en mèn gàr têi hoi paîdes toùs patéras tháptousi (Hdt. I 87) ‘for in peace sons bury their fathers’; (a) ésti dè kaì állos bōmòs mégas, ep’hoû thúetai tà télea tôn probátōn (Hdt. I 183) ‘there is also another great altar, whereon are sacrificed the full-grown of the flocks’, (b) theôn dè moûnon hḗlion sébontai, tôi thúousi híppous (Hdt. I 216) ‘the sun is the only god whom they worship; to him they sacrifice horses’; (a) ek dè autôn thōmázetai hoûtos dḕ hupò toû dḗmou (Hdt. III 82) ‘he therefore becomes the people’s idol’, (b) nûn te dḕ kaì mezónōs thōmázomen légontas taûta (Hdt. V 92) ‘and now we marvel yet more at your speaking thus’; (a) ithúnetai dè hupò te dúo plḗktrōn kaì dúo andrôn orthôn hesteṓtōn (Hdt. I 194) ‘two men standing upright steer the boat, each with a paddel’, (b) pêi páter hôd’híppous te kaì hēmiónous ithúneis / núkta di’ambrosíēn […] (Il. XXIV 362-3) ‘where, father, do you thus guide horses and mules through the immortal night’; (a) Murmidónes dè kaleûnto kaì Héllēnes kaì Akhaioí (Il. II 684) ‘and they were called Myrmidons and Helenes and Achaeans’, (b) toúneká min káleon Simoeísion [...] (Il. IV 477) ‘for this cause they called him Simoeisius’; (a) hōs feúgōn te katelambáneto hupò andròs Pérseō (Hdt. VI 29) ‘he was overtaken in his flight by a Persian’, (b) kaì hoi stasiôtai autoû katalambánousi tḕn akrópolin (Hdt. V 72) ‘and his partisans seized the acropolis’; (a) hoi dè ánthrōpoi astheneíēs mèn heíneken kateleíponto (Hdt. IV 135) ‘as to the men, they were left by reason of their infirmity’, (b) toûton dè autoû kataleípei (Hdt. VII 61) ‘and him he left there’; (a) […] hēlṓkesán te kaì kateíkhonto hai Athênai (Hdt. VIII 61) ‘Athens was taken and held by the enemy’, (b) mélissai katékhousi tà pérēn toû Ístrou (Hdt. V 10) ‘all the land beyond the Ister is full of bees’; (a) eòn d’en mésēi têi póli tò hiròn katorâtai pántothen periiónti (Hdt. II 138) ‘the temple is in the midst of the city, the whole circuit of which commands a view down into it’, (b) Athēnaíous gàr trapoménous es tò pedíon hupò tôn ókhthōn ou katṓra (Hdt. IX 59) ‘for the Athenians marched another way over the broken ground, and were out of his sight’; (a) epeíte ekeíreto hē Attikḕ khṓrē hupò toû pezoû stratoû toû Xérxeō (Hdt. VIII 65) ‘when the land of Attica was being laid waste by Xerxes’ army’, (b) hokósa dè epéskhon, pánta epéphlegon kaì ékeiron (Hdt. VIII 32) ‘and all that came withim their power they burnt and wasted’; (a) ándres mèn hoi pleûnes ekteínonto hypò tôn Perséōn (Hdt. VI 19) ‘for the most part of their men were slain by the Persians’, (b) autoús t’ékteinon […] (Od. XIV 265) ‘and [they] killed the men’; (a) állote mén te kakôi hó ge kúretai, állote d’esthlôi (Il. XXIV 530) ‘that man meets now with evil, now with good’, (b) Tudeídēs [...] / aièn ep’aukhéni kûre phaeinoû douròs akōkêi (Il. XXIII 820-1) ‘but Tydeus’ son sought ever to reach the neck with the point of his shining spear’; (a) egṑ mèn min ouk eîdon, tà dè légetai hupò Khaldaíōn (Hdt. I 183) ‘I myself have not seen it, but I tell what is told by the Chaldeans’, (b) taûta mén nun Pérsai te kaì Phoínikes légousi (Hdt. I 5) ‘these are the stories of the Persians and the Phoenicians’; (a) eloûto mèn gàr hupò toû Diós hókōs húoi (Hdt. III 125) ‘for he was washed by Zeus when it rained’, (b) […] phuláxai tḕn geinaménēn hokóteron tôn paidíōn próteron Download 0.75 Mb. Share with your friends:
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