Measurement and operationalization of variables
Table 3.2 Table. Operationalisation of variables
Variable
|
Operational definition
|
Indicators
|
Source
|
Measurement Scale
|
Digital Infrastructure for Student Training (DIST)
|
Digital infrastructure for student training measurement scale made up of 5 items
|
Fast internet speeds,
Internet infrastructure, area network, digital communication, Laptops, desktops and smartphones
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Technology for Classroom Training (TCT)
|
Technology for classroom training measurement scale consisting of 9 items
|
Virtual learning environment, Availability of computers,
Hands-on training Personal smartphones, Personal laptop Tablets
Data for e-learning
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
|
|
Internet-connected giant screens in classrooms
Face-to-face and online teachings Digital smart technologies for assessing lectures Internet-based technology for cooperative learning
|
|
|
Computer technology application
|
Computer technology application measurement scale made up of 6 items
|
Accessibility, Internet-connected computers,
Data,
Online collaboration Simulations, Disruptive technologies
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Attitude towards technology
|
Attitude towards technology measurement scale made up of 12 items
|
Enjoyment, Confidence, Positive attitude, Critical thinking, Teamwork, Creativity,
Time wastage (negative perspective), Intimidation Threat, Difficulty
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Laboratory Equipment for Teaching (LET)
|
Laboratory equipment for teaching consisting of 7 items
|
CAD proficiency CAM proficiency Cloud computing Engineering tools Software experimentation Data analysis Practice
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Workshop
|
Workshop
|
CAD simulations,
|
|
|
equipment for
|
equipment for
|
CAM for practical
|
training
|
training
|
training,
|
(WDE)
|
measurement
|
CNC and robotics
|
|
scale comprising
|
training,
|
|
12 items
|
Electronic vehicle
|
|
|
diagnosis,
|
|
|
Scan tools for
|
|
|
vehicle fault
|
|
|
diagnosis,
|
|
|
Sensor and actuator
|
|
|
identification,
|
|
|
Digital training
|
|
|
materials and
|
|
|
equipment,
|
|
|
Emerging
|
|
|
technologies (AI,
|
|
|
AR) in training
|
|
|
Alignment between
|
|
|
theory and
|
|
|
practicals,
|
|
|
Industrial
|
|
|
attachment
|
|
|
relevance
|
Availability of digital infrastructure in Education (TUDI)
|
Availability of digital infrastructure in education measurement scale made of 8 items
|
Fast internet speeds Network infrastructure, Internet infrastructure, Information provision
Learning management systems
Data handling Mobile telecommunication Digital communication Effective applications Laptops
Desktops Smartphones
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Technical
|
Technical
|
Insufficient
|
Vicente,
|
Ordinal
|
University
|
University staff
|
resources (lack of
|
Lucas, &
|
|
Staff
|
development
|
computers and
|
Carlos,
|
|
Development
|
measurement
|
technologies),
|
(2020).
|
|
(TUSD)
|
scale made up of
|
Appropriate
|
|
|
|
8 items
|
equipment,
|
|
|
|
|
Recognition
|
|
|
|
|
Sufficient
|
|
|
|
|
resources,
|
|
|
|
|
Industry training,
|
|
|
|
|
Data provision,
|
|
|
|
|
Digital curriculum,
|
|
|
Digital
|
Digital
|
Virtual learning environment, Availability of computers, Transformation to digital training, Virtual technology for interaction Personal devices (smartphones, laptops, tablets) Internet-connected giant screens, Assessment with digital smart technologies, Internet-based technology for cooperative learning Acceptance of online educational scenes,
Projectors and smart board technologies, Importance of training students on computer-based
equipment
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Equipment
|
equipment and
|
|
and Tools for
|
tools for training
|
|
Training
|
Measurement
|
|
(DETT)
|
scale comprising
|
|
|
16 items
|
|
Mode of
|
Mode of Teaching measuring scale made up of 9
items
|
Data security
|
|
|
Teaching
|
Online teaching
|
(MoT)
|
and assignment
|
|
submission
|
|
|
Access to internet- based computers for teaching Application of digital technology for training
Desire for learning and adopting digital technologies Computer and accessories for robotic actions in
training
|
|
|
Class room
|
Class room
|
Paperless training Online learning model
Online project and assignment assessment Virtual and
Augmented Reality training
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in engineering Additive manufacturing (3D printing)
Robotic actions in engineering training
Electronic vehicles management system training CAD/CAM for design and manufacturing CAD software for
engineering simulations
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Disruptive
|
disruptive
|
|
Technologies
|
technologies
|
|
(CDT)
|
measurement
|
|
|
scale made up of
|
|
|
10 items
|
|
Workshop
|
Workshop digital equipment for training measurement scale made up of
9 items
|
CAD simulations
|
Vicente,
|
Ordinal
|
Digital
|
CAM for practical
|
Lucas, &
|
|
Equipment
|
training
|
Carlos,
|
|
for Training
|
CNC and robotics
|
(2020).
|
|
(WDET)
|
training
|
|
|
|
|
Vehicle fault diagnosis using scan tools
Sensor and actuator identification and training
Digitally-based training materials and equipment Training with AI and AR technologies Alignment with industrial practices Training in emerging digital technologies for the
industry
|
|
|
Technical
|
Technical
|
Partnerships Industry visits Curriculum collaboration Support (computers and digital equipment)
Quick absorption of graduates Upgrading machinery and equipment Improving supply of middle-level skills
Reducing skill shortages and mismatches
|
Vicente, Lucas, & Carlos, (2020).
|
Ordinal
|
Universities
|
Universities and
|
|
and Industries
|
industries
|
| |
|
Share with your friends: |
