Effects of technology
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
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Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the related literature and studies, foreign and local which provided the researcher the needed information and direction for the completion of the study. Foreign Literature Lynne Schrum, past president of the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), is an associate professor in the department of instructional technology at the University of Georgia. Her research, teachings, and writings focus on issues related to distance education, specifically online learning. Schrum also investigates the uses of technology in K-12 environments and identifies ways to support educators in the effort. Educators want students to learn. She said that It is certainly not enough to tell educators that they need to use the boxes and wires that have invaded their schools simply because they are expensive or because students need to know how to use the latest widget. If it's clear that technological tools will help them achieve that goal, educators will use those tools. Technology lends itself to exploration. But before technology can be used effectively, exploration must be valued as important to both teaching and learning. In a technology-rich classroom, students might search the Web for information, analyze river water, chart the results, and record what they've learned on the computer.In such an environment, acquiring content changes from a static process to one of defining goals the learners wish to pursue. Students are active, rather than passive -- producing knowledge and presenting that knowledge in a variety of formats. In a technology-rich classroom, students don't "learn" technology. Technology merely provides the tools to be used for authentic learning. It is a means, not an end. According to Benjamin Herold(2016) Technology is everywhere in education: Public schools in the United States now provide at least one computer for every five students. They spend more than $3 billion per year on digital content. Led by the federal government, the country is in the midst of a massive effort to make affordable high-speed Internet and free online teaching resources available to even the most rural and remote schools. And in 2015-16, for the first time, more state standardized tests for the elementary and middle grades will be administered via technology than by paper and pencil. There were seven (7) steps for adapting technology to the classroom by Sean Nank (2017) As the recession of 2008 becomes a not too distant memory, some schools are finding themselves better funded. With this comes the acquisition of technology for schools and classrooms. The widespread introduction of technology can have amazing impacts on curricula, pedagogy, and student learning. But some schools have not experienced these results. The following are the seven aspects of adapting technology that will help you avoid lackluster results. Buy technology for teachers and students, Use the 10% rule (If you have $100,000 total to spend on technology, then spend $90,000 and set aside $10,000 for professional development and training to support teachers while implementing the technology.),Give teachers time, Choose a platform and stick with it, Technology for the sake of technology, Students are and are not digital natives ,lastly is Assess with technology in a meaningful way. According to Kelsey Sheehy(2012) The proliferation of social media and technology has changed the way educators teach, how students learn, and the way teachers and students communicate. Bob Wise a former governor of West Virginia and president of the Alliance for Excellent Education, an advocacy organization, said that "You can't just slap a netbook [computer] on top of a textbook and say, 'Great, now we have technology," Good teaching, especially the kind that involves working with evolving technologies, sometimes requires good advice. "The whole intention of Digital Learning Day is to really celebrate teachers and good instructional learning practices," says Sarah Hall, director of the Alliance's Center for Secondary School Digital Learning and Policy. It’s hard to determine whether technology in the classroom is helpful or harmful. Samantha Cleaver (2014) wrote an article about it. With a world of information at their fingertips nowadays, it seems like kids should be finding it easier than ever to succeed in school. However, as more classrooms invest in the latest technology, test scores remain the same, bringing its effectiveness into question. “Incorporating technology into the classroom requires a double innovation,” says Shelley Pasnik, director of the Center for Education and Technology, Educators who receive new technology must first learn how to use the equipment and then decide whether or not it supports the class objectives and curriculum. Despite the challenges, incorporating technology into education still has proven benefits, especially when it comes to personalized learning. From math games that adjust the level of difficulty as players progress to electronic books that talk and respond to the tap of a finger, products that personalize the learning experience for students often benefit their understanding. An interactive game is more engaging than a book, so technology often promotes more practice and review in areas requiring memorization, such as spelling, math and geography. This frees up time in the classroom so educators can focus on skills like problem solving, character development and critical thinking. Download 242.27 Kb. Share with your friends:
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