For children with autism
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- Table 1. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Stereotyped Behaviors (SB) subtest
- Table 2. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Communication (COM) subtest
- Table 3. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Social Interaction (SI) subtest
Results The GARS is useful for determining specific behavioral strengths and weaknesses for individual children identified with autism. The three core components of autistic behaviors in the GARS are adapted from the criteria for autistic disorder listed in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994): (1) stereotyped behaviors, (2) communication, and (3) social interaction. The distribution of the scaled scores of the three GARS core subtests and their descriptors given in terms of the degree of severity: 17-19 (very high in severity), 15-16 (high in severity), 13-14 (above average), 8-12 (average), 6-7 (below average), 4-5 (low in severity), and 1-3 (very low in severity). Stereotyped Behaviors (SB) subtest Table 1 shows the mean scaled score for Stereotyped Behaviors (SB) subtest dropped from 13.33 (SD=1.40; σ²=1.95) at pre-treatment to 10.27 (SD=1.16; σ²=1.35) at post-treatment, after one year of DESC Program. There was indeed an extremely significant improvement in the reduction of stereotyped behaviors in the 15 subjects after having undergone the treatment. A paired t-test was carried out on the pre- and post-treatment scaled scores of the SB subtest of GARS to confirm if the subjects who were matched on this variable were indeed significantly different. By conventional criteria, the results indicated that there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment scaled scores, t (28) = 6.5184, 2-tailed p < 0.0001, with a standard error of difference = 0.469. The 95% confidence interval of this difference is from 2.0984 to 4.0216. The effect size (d), which measures the magnitude of the treatment effect (Cohen, 1988) on the subjects’ stereotyped behaviors, was computed using Ray and Shadish’s (1996) Equation II, and d was 2.38, i.e., the size of effect was considered to have a large effect upon the performance, i.e., a good reduction in stereotyped behaviors. Communication (COM) subtest Table 2 shows the mean scaled score for Communication (COM) subtest dropped from 10.93 (SD=1.49; σ²=2.21) at pre-treatment to 8.80 (SD=0.86; σ²=0.74) at post-treatment, after one year of DESC Program. There was indeed an extremely significant improvement in the communication of the 15 subjects after having undergone the treatment. A paired t-test was carried out on the pre-treatment and post-treatment scaled scores of the COM subtest of GARS to confirm if the subjects who were matched on this variable were indeed significantly different. By conventional criteria, the results indicated that there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment scaled scores, t(28) = 4.7951, 2-tailed p < 0.0001, with a standard error of difference = 0.444. The 95% confidence interval of this difference is from 1.2201 to 3.0399. The effect size (d), which measures the magnitude of the treatment effect (Cohen, 1988) on the subjects’ communication, was computed using Ray and Shadish’s (1996) Equation II, and d was 1.75, i.e., the size of effect was considered to have a large effect upon the performance, i.e., a good improvement in communication. Table 1. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Stereotyped Behaviors (SB) subtest 
Table 2. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Communication (COM) subtest 
Table 3. Pre- and Post-Treatment Results of Social Interaction (SI) subtest 
Social Interaction (SI) subtest The mean scaled score for Social Interaction (SI) subtest dropped from 10.47 (SD=1.19; σ²=1.41) at pre-treatment to 8.60 (SD=0.63; σ²=0.40) at post-treatment, after one year of DESC Program. There was indeed an extremely significant improvement in social interaction of the 15 subjects after having undergone the treatment. A paired t-test was carried out on the pre- and post-treatment scaled scores of the SI subtest of GARS to confirm if the subjects who were matched on this variable were indeed significantly different. By conventional criteria, the results indicated that there was an extremely statistically significant difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment scaled scores, t(28) = 5.3788, 2-tailed p < 0.0001, with a standard error of difference = 0.348. The 95% confidence interval of this difference is from 1.1579 to 2.5821. The effect size (d), which measures the magnitude of the treatment effect (Cohen, 1988) on the subjects’ social interaction, was computed using Ray and Shadish’s (1996) Equation II, and d was 1.96, i.e., the size of effect was considered to have a large effect upon the performance, i.e., a good improvement in social interaction. Autism Quotients Gilliam (1995) has categorized Autism Quotients (AQs) into seven ranges: 131 and above at 99+ percentile rank (very high), 121-130 at 92-98 percentile rank (high), 111-120 at 76-91 percentile rank (above average), 90-110 at 25-75 percentile rank (average), 80-89 at 9-24 percentile rank (below average), 70-79 at 2-8 percentile rank (low), and 69 and below at 1 percentile rank or less (very low). The mean standard score for Autism Quotient (AQ) dropped from 104 (SD=6.77; σ²=45.86) at pre-treatment to 92.33 (SD=4.15; σ²=17.24) at post-treatment, after one year of DESC Program. There was indeed an extremely significant reduction in the autistic behaviors of the 15 subjects after having undergone the treatment. Directory: docs docs -> Application for acem docs -> Observational Assessment of Teaching Practices Teaching Assessment Initiative Proposal Submitted to The Teachers for a New Era project docs -> Traditional British values docs -> From Warfighters to Crimefighters: The Origins of Domestic Police Militarization docs -> Borzoi Club of America Register of Merit Program I. What is a Register Of Merit docs -> Protecting the rights of the child in the context of migration docs -> United Nations E/C. 12/Esp/5 docs -> 9th May 1950 the schuman declaration docs -> Getting To Outcomes® in Services for Homeless Veterans 10 Steps for Achieving Accountability Download 197.64 Kb. Share with your friends:
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