Journal of Political Research (2009). Webb Much research has shown that higher levels of education, political interest and sophistication increase the probability of turning out to vote (Wolfinger & Rosenstone 1980; Powell 1986; Brady 1995; Jackson Thus, in a voluntary voting system, citizens who participate should come disproportionately from those strata with high education, interest and sophistication. Under CV, the bias should be weaker. This has been illustrated by Jackman (2003), for example, who compares Australia and the United States. In the latter, citizens with a low level of political sophistication are strongly underrepresented among voters. In Australia, by contrast, CV brings more citizens with a low level of political sophistication to the polls (575)
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