Standard 35. Understands patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas from 1830 to 1914
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I
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1
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Understands the ideas that influenced the nationalist movements (e.g., major characteristics of 19th-century European nationalism, and connections between nationalist ideology, the French Revolution, Romanticism, and liberal reform movements; the extent to which Garibaldi reflected 19th-century Romanticism; the purpose of Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" speech, and previous attempts at unification to which he refers; the chronology of significant events in the unifications of Italy and Germany)
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I
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2
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Understands movements and ideas that contributed to social change in 19th-century North America and Europe (e.g., the leading ideas of Karl Marx and the impact of Marxist beliefs and programs on politics, industry, and labor relations in Europe; the origins of women's suffrage in North America and Europe, leading figures on both continents, and their success until World War I)
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I
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3
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Understands social change and the emergence of new social class culture in 19th-century Europe (e.g., the elements of the distinctive middle-class and working class culture that developed in industrial Europe; how the average standard of living changed in Europe in the 19th century and the factors that accounted for this change; broad-ranging benefits and disadvantages of attending school for children from peasant, middle class, craft, and urban factory-working families)
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I
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4
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Understands influences on the government structure in Latin America and Mexico (e.g., the effects of foreign intervention and liberal government policies on social and economic change in Mexico; the advent of the caudillo ruler in Latin America, his supporters, and the methods by which he maintained power)
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5
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Understands expansion and nation-building in the United States and Canada in the 19th century (e.g., the factors that contributed to nation-building in Canada; the territorial expansions of the United States in the 19th century, how new territories were acquired, and from whom)
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6
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Understands trends in immigration within and out of Europe in the 19th century
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7
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Understands cultural trends in 19th-century Europe (e.g., how leisure activity and popular culture changed throughout the 19th century, activities associated with "high culture," types of entertainment that were open to the middle and working classes)
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Standard 36. Understands patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic dominance from 1800 to 1914
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1
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Understands major developments in science and the industrial economy (e.g., the social significance of the work of scientists, including Maxwell, Darwin, and Pasteur; how new forms of generative power contributed to Europe's "second industrial revolution;" the role of the state in different countries in directing or encouraging industrialization; the social, economic, and cultural impact of the railroad)
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2
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Understands influences on European migration, immigration, and emigration patterns throughout the world between 1846 and 1932 (e.g., the geographical, political, economic, and epidemiological factors that contributed to the success of European colonial settlements in various regions; possible connections of the rise of the Zulu Empire in South Africa to European settlements in the Cape Region; relations between migrating European and African peoples that laid the foundation for the apartheid system in the 20th century; how technology such as the steamship and the railroad facilitated emigration)
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3
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Understands European motives and ideology that justified extending imperial power into African and Asian countries (e.g., the motives that impelled several European powers to undertake imperial expansion against peoples of Africa, Southeast Asia, and China; achievements of Cecil Rhodes and his motives and goals in the "scramble for Africa")
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4
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Knows the causes and course of the Spanish-American War, and how this related to U.S. participation in Western imperial expansion
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I
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5
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Understands the extent of British rule in India, and British reaction to Indian nationalism (e.g., the economic and political impact of British rule on India in the 19th century; the social, economic, and intellectual sources of Indian nationalism; the British reaction to Indian nationalism; the causes of the Uprising of 1857)
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6
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Understands political and social elements of Chinese society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., Chinese efforts to reform government and society after 1895, as well as related causes for revolution in 1911; how the Chinese reacted to the presence and activities of foreigners in their country in the late 1890s)
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7
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Understands the role of trade in shaping political and social conditions in various regions (e.g., how West African economies changed after the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade; how trade helped make empire-builders such as Zanzibar and Tippu Tip; the effect trade had on resistance to European imperialism; the location of the Suez Canal, how and why it was created, and what it did for world trade and political alliances)
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8
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Understands the diverse factors (e.g., variations in birth and death rates, infant mortality rates) that contributed to the peaking and then leveling off of European population growth from the 17th to the 20th centuries
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9
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Understands the geographic location of European interests in South, Southeast, and East Asia in the late 19th century
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10
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Understands the accomplishments and goals of specific African resistance movements (e.g., Abd al-Qadir in Algeria, Samori Ture in West Africa, the Mahdist state in the Sudan, Memelik II in Ethiopia, the Zulus in South Africa)
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Standard 37. Understand major global trends from 1750 to 1914
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1
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Understands industrialization and its social impact in Great Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, Japan, and other countries (e.g., conditions for rural families, the roles of women and children, the daily lives of working class men and women)
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I
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2
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Understands major patterns of long-distance migration of Europeans, Africans, and Asians, as well as causes and consequences of these movements (e.g., migrations from Asia and Africa between 1750 and 1900)
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3
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Understands major changes in world political boundaries during this era (e.g., why a few European states achieved extensive military, political, and economic power in the world)
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4
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Understands where Christianity and Islam grew in this era, and understands the causes of 19th-century reform movements or renewal in Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism
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I
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5
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Understands trends in world population between 1500 and 1900, where the greatest increases occurred, and possible factors for this growth
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Standard 38. Understands reform, revolution, and social change in the world economy of the early 20th century
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I
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1
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Understands the industrial power of Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States in the early 20th century (e.g., how the nations compare statistically, the importance and potential of industrialization)
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I
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2
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Understands prominent features and ideas of liberalism, social reformism, conservatism, and socialism in the early 20th century (e.g., the "welfare state" promoted by liberal ideals; the influential ideas of leading Europeans such as Stanley Baldwin, Ramsay MacDonald, Emmeline Pankhurst, Jean JaurŠs, Raymond Poincar‚ Peter Stolypin, Alfred Krupp, or Rosa Luxemborg)
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3
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Understands events that led to revolutions in the early 20th century (e.g., causes, events, and consequences of the Russian "Bloody Sunday" in 1905, and the ensuing revolution; the promises of China's 1911 republican revolution and the New Culture movement and why they failed to address China's political, economic, and social problems; what the peasantry and middle class fought for and against in the Mexican Revolution)
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4
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Understands the consequences of changes inside Japan in the early 20th century (e.g., Japan's economic development, national integration, and political ideologies around the turn of the century; how Japanese territorial expansion affected the industrialization and economic development of Japan)
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Standard 39. Understands the causes and global consequences of World War I
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I
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1
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Understands events that contributed to the outbreak of World War I (e.g., diverse long-range causes of World War I, such as political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, militarism, imperialism, and nationalism; how nationalism threatened the balance of power among the Great Powers in Europe, and why it was considered one of the causes of World War I)
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I
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2
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Understands ways in which popular faith in science, technology, and material progress affected attitudes toward the possibility of war among European states
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I
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3
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Understands the role of the U.S. and other countries in World War I (e.g., how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war, motivations behind the entrance of the U.S. into the war)
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I
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4
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Understands the influence of Lenin and Stalin on the government, economy, and social conditions in Russia and the Soviet Union after the Revolution of 1917 (e.g., the effects of Lenin's New Economic Policy on Soviet society, economy, and government; why and how Stalin changed Lenin's policy and forced collectivization, and the consequences of resistance to this policy for the kulaks; how people who were persecuted survived during Stalin's purges)
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5
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Understands how different countries were aligned during World War I (e.g., the systems of alliances through which Europe organized itself into World War I, the role militarism played in these alliances, and the reasons for the war's expansion beyond European boundaries to become a world war; immediate causes for the entry of different nations into World War I)
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I
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6
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Understands the role of Tsar Nicholas II and Rasputin prior to and during the Russian Revolution of 1917 (e.g., the biography of Tsar Nicholas II and his family, including how they died; the role the monk Rasputin played in determining Russian policy, and his influence on the royal court)
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I
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Standard 40. Understands the search for peace and stability throughout the world in the 1920s and 1930s
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1
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Understands the immediate and long-term political and social effects of World War I (e.g., the objectives and achievements of the women's movements in the context of World War I and its aftermath, the causes and effects of the U.S. isolationist policies on world politics and international relations in the 1920s, the agreements on reparation payments made at the Conference of Versailles and how these agreements corresponded to Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points)
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I
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2
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Understands internal shifts in the political conditions of China and Japan in the 1920s and 1930s (e.g., the factors that influenced the struggle for dominance in China between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, how militarism and fascism derailed parliamentary democracy in Japan)
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3
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Understands the goals and policies of European colonial rule in India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, and how these policies affected indigenous societies and economies (e.g., the response to the Moroccan resistance movement against the Spanish led by Abd al Quadir)
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4
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Understands major discoveries in science and medicine in the first half of the 20th century (e.g., those made by Curie, Einstein, Freud) and how they affected the quality of life and traditional views of nature, the cosmos, and the psyche
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5
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Understands influences on art and culture in Europe and around the world in the early 20th century (e.g., the social and cultural dimensions of mass consumption of goods; the impact and aftermath of World War I on literature, art, and intellectual life in Europe and the U.S.; the impact of innovative movements in Western art and literature on other regions of the world; the influence of African and Asian art forms in Europe)
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I
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6
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Understands how the Great Depression affected economies and systems of government globally (e.g., how the Depression contributed to the growth of communist, fascist, and socialist movements, and how it affected capitalist economic theory and practice among leading Western industrial powers; how the depression affected countries dependent on foreign markets and foreign capital investment)
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7
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Understands the reflections of Depression-era hunger and poverty in the works of such artists as Käthe Kollwitz, José Clemente Orozco, and Dorothea Lange, and their impact upon society
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Standard 41. Understands the causes and global consequences of World War II
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I
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1
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Understands events that led to the outbreak of World War II (e.g., the importance of the legacy of World War I, the depression, ethnic and ideological conflicts, imperialism, and traditional political or economic rivalries as underlying causes of World War II; the precipitating causes of the war and the reasons for early German and Japanese victories between 1939 and 1942; how Hitler capitalized on the despair of the German people to rise to power)
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I
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2
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Understands the positions of the major powers Britain, France, the U.S., and the Soviet Union on fascist aggression, and the consequences of their failure to take forceful measures to stop this aggression
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I
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3
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Understands the influence of Nazism on European society and Jewish culture (e.g., European and Jewish resistance movements to the Nazis and their policies, discrepancies between Nazi public announcements concerning Jews and the actual experiences of Jews between 1941 and 1944)
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4
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Understands the impact of World War II on civilian populations and soldiers (e.g., the roles of women and children during the war and how they differed in Allied and Axis countries, the hardships of the war on soldiers from both sides)
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