Standard 42. Understands major global trends from 1900 to the end of World War II
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I
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1
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Understands the nature and extent of Western military, political, and economic power in the world in 1945 compared with 1900
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I
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2
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Understands the ideologies, policies, and governing methods of 20th century totalitarian regimes compared to those of contemporary democracies and absolutist states of earlier centuries
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3
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Understands influences on the emergence of movements for national self-rule or sovereignty in Africa and Asia (e.g., world war, depression, nationalist ideology, labor organizations, communism, liberal democratic ideals)
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4
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Understands ways in which secular ideologies (e.g., nationalism, fascism, communism, materialism) challenged or were challenged by established religions and ethical systems
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I
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5
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Understands patterns of social and cultural continuity in various societies (e.g., ways in which peoples maintained traditions, sustained basic loyalties, and resisted external challenges in an era of recurrent world crises)
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Standard 43. Understands how post-World War II reconstruction occurred, new international power relations took shape, and colonial empires broke up
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I
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1
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Understands factors that brought about the political and economic transformation of Western and Eastern Europe after World War II (e.g., how Western European countries and Japan achieved rapid economic recovery after the war; the impact of the Marshall Plan, the European Economic Community, government planning, and the growth of welfare states upon the political stabilization of Western Europe; the formations of the Warsaw Pact and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization after the war, and which countries have participated in each of these pacts; why Germany and Berlin were divided after the 1948 crisis, and the resulting problems)
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I
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2
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Understands post-war relations between the Soviet Union, Europe, and the United States (e.g., differences in the political ideologies and values of the Western democracies and the Soviet bloc; the impact of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe; interconnections between superpower rivalries and the development of new military, nuclear, and space technology)
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I
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3
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Understands the rise of the Communist Party in China between 1936 and 1949, the factors leading to Mao's programs (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution) and their results (e.g., effects on economic development, human suffering)
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4
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Understands nationalist movements and other attempts by colonial countries to achieve independence after World War II (e.g., the impact of Indian nationalism on other movements in Africa and Asia, and reasons for the division of the subcontinent; how World War II and postwar global politics affected the mass nationalist movements in colonial Africa and Southeast Asia; factors that enabled some African and Asian countries to achieve independence through constitutional devolution of power, while others used armed revolution; the methods used by Indians to achieve independence from British rule and the effects of Mohandas Gandhi's call for nonviolent action)
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5
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Understands political conditions in Africa after World War II (e.g., the moral, social, political, and economic implications of apartheid; the diverse leadership and governing styles of African regimes through the second half of the 20th century)
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6
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Understands important events in the struggle between Israelis and Palestinians since 1948 and the argument on each side for rights to the disputed land
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Standard 44. Understands the search for community, stability, and peace in an interdependent world
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1
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Understands the causes and effects of population growth and urbanization (e.g., why population growth rate is accelerating around the world, and connections between population growth and economic and social development in many countries; the global proliferation of cities and the rise of the megalopolis, as well as the impact of urbanization on family life, standards of living, class relations, and ethnic identity; why scientific, technological, and medical advances have improved living standards but have failed to eradicate hunger, poverty, and epidemic disease)
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2
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Understands influences on economic development around the world (e.g., why economic disparities between industrialized and developing nations have persisted or increased, how neo-colonialism and authoritarian political leadership have affected development in African and Asian countries, the continuing growth of mass consumption of commodities and resources since World War II)
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3
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Understands events that led to an easing of Cold War tensions from the 1970s to the early 1990s (e.g., why the Cold War eased in the 1970s and how the Helsinki Accords, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and Reagan-Gorbachev "summit diplomacy" affected progress toward detente; the collapse of the government of the Soviet Union and other communist governments around the world in the late 1980s and 1990s; the internal and external forces that led to changes within the USSR and in its relations with Eastern European countries)
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4
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Understands instances of political conflict and terrorism in modern society (e.g., the changes continuing urban protest and reformist economic policies have caused in post-Mao China under authoritarian rule; the causes, consequences, and moral implications of mass killings or famine in different parts of the world; possible factors in modern society that facilitate politically motivated terrorism and random forms of violence; world events that gave rise to the 1989 movement in China and led to the Tiannamen Square protest, the government response to this movement, and the international reaction)
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5
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Understands the definition of "fundamentalism," and the political objectives of militant religious movements in various countries of the world, as well as the social and economic factors that contribute to the growth of these movements
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6
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Understands the emergence of a global culture (e.g., connections between electronic communications, international marketing, and the rise of a popular "global culture" in the late 20th century; how modern arts have expressed and reflected social transformations, political changes, and how they have been internationalized)
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7
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Understands the importance or meaning of the natural environment for societies around the world
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8
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Understands the role and difficulties of the present day migrant worker (e.g., the Southeast Asian domestic in the Persian Gulf, the American oil executive in Saudi Arabia, the Moroccan factory worker in France)
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9
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Understands the motivations, moral imperatives, and goals of specific separatist movements around the globe and the potential impact on the affected populations
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10
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Understands the effects of modern communication on consumer tastes and demands in different parts of the world
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Standard 45. Understands major global trends since World War II
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I
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1
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Understands the changing configuration of political boundaries in the world since 1900 and connections between nationalist ideology and the proliferation of sovereign states
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I
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2
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Understands the origins and decline of the Cold War and its significance as a 20th-century event
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3
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Understands the causes and consequences of the world's shift from bipolar to multipolar centers of economic, political, and military power
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Standard 46. Understands long-term changes and recurring patterns in world history
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1
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Understands major changes in world population from paleolithic times to the present (e.g., why these changes occurred, the effects of major disease pandemics)
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2
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Understands the emergence of capitalism (e.g., the origins, development, and characteristics of capitalism; capitalist systems compared with other systems for organizing production, labor, and trade)
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3
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Understands the development of the nation-state and how nation-states differ from empires or other forms of political organization
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4
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Understands political revolutionary movements of the past three centuries and their ideologies, organization, and successes or failures
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