Global History Regents Exam Question Bank Table of Contents

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Based on what is shown in this engraving, state one impact the Spanish had on the lives of the native peoples in Mexico.

Governing the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere Life in colonial New Spain [Spanish colonies] was complex — the dominant institutions and cultural patterns were Spanish in origin, but they were modified in their New World setting. Society was not static; evolution marked the political and religious systems; and change was a feature of the economic, social, and intellectual life. These adaptations generally mirrored developments in Europe, the source of basic decisions and control. During its three centuries as a colony, New Spain was kept subservient to the mother country in a number of ways, beginning with an enforced loyalty to the crown. . . .
In New Spain itself the viceroy [governor] was the ranking officer and agent of royal absolutism. As a personal representative of the king he was armed with considerable authority and enjoyed high honors and deference [respect]. He received a handsome salary (twenty thousand pesos in the seventeenth century, triple that amount in the eighteenth), lived in a splendid palace surrounded by liveried [uniformed] servants, and maintained a court like a petty European monarch. During the colonial era there were sixty-one viceroys.
Most of them belonged to the titled nobility or at least were of high birth; eleven were from the Church hierarchy [church leaders], and only three holders of this exalted [high] office were criollos [Creoles], two of them being sons of viceroys. The viceroy functioned as chief executive, captain-general of military forces, governor, supervisor of the royal treasury (real hacienda), and president of the audiencia (administrative court) of Mexico. He enforced royal laws and decrees, issued ordinances dealing with local matters, nominated minor colonial officials, distributed land and titles, promoted colonization and settlement, and protected the Indians. He was vice-patron of most religious endeavors, and his ecclesiastical [church] powers included the right to determine boundaries of bishoprics [districts] and to nominate some Church officers. . . .

Source: Robert Ryal Miller, Mexico: A History, University of Oklahoma Press 5
According to this document, what effect did the Spanish have on their colonies in New Spain?

Based on this chart, identify one change that resulted from the Spanish conquest of Latin America.

This is an excerpt from Christopher Columbus’s log entry for Saturday, October 13, 1492.

…I have been very attentive and have tried very hard to find out if there is any gold here [San Salvador]. I have seen a few natives who wear a little piece of gold hanging from a hole made in the nose. By signs, if I interpret them correctly, I have learned that by going to the south, or rounding the island to the south, I can find a king who possesses a lot of gold and has great containers of it. I have tried to find some natives who will take me to this great king, but none seems inclined to make the journey.
Tomorrow afternoon I intend to go to the SW. The natives have indicated to me that not only is there land to the south and SW, but also to the NW. I shall go to the SW and look for gold and precious stones. Furthermore, if I understand correctly, it is from the NW that strangers come to fight and capture the people here.…

Source: translated by Robert H. Fuson, The Log of Christopher Columbus, International Marine Publishing Company from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Exam, August 2011.
Based on this excerpt from Christopher Columbus’s log, what is he searching for in San Salvador and the surrounding region?

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